Physical Science o Emissions from fossil fuel power plants also

cause acid rain and global scale pollution by

Sources of Energy elements such as mercury
Two Types of Sources of Energy o Fossil fuel is not a sustainable energy source
 Battery
1. Renewable o Gives electricity via an electrochemical
2. Non-Renewable- fossil fuels, electrochemical, reaction
nuclear energy o Parts
 Anode- negative end
 Renewable Energy- energy sources which are not  Cathode- positive end
based on the burning of fossil fuels or the splitting of  Electrolyte- medium between
atoms anode and cathode
 Energy o Invented by Alessandro Volta
o Ability to do work o Commonly used because of portability and
o Takes form to: efficiency
 Mechanical
 Chemical Electrochemical Usage
 Thermal
Types of Battery
 Electrical
 Converting energy into electricity 1. Disposable- alkaline, Mercury, silver oxide, zinc
1.) Energy from bond breaking/formation in fuels is carbon
converted to heat energy (not necessary if power 2. Rechargeable- lead- acid and lithium-ion
generation does not require burning of fuels)
2.) Heat energy is used to convert water to steam Downsides
which has kinetic energy
 Toxic metal pollution
3.) Steam’s kinetic energy becomes mechanical
 Involves hazardous chemical
energy which makes turbines turn
 Contributes to electronic waste
4.) Mechanical energy creates electricity via
electromagnetism  Recycling batteries are an expensive and labor-
intensive process
Non- Renewable Energy o Presents dangerous elements from entering
the environment
 Fossil fuels  Example: Lead, Mercury,
o Formed from hydrocarbon chain (coal, oil Cadmium
and natural gas)  Nuclear Energy
o Comes from the sun through photosynthesis o No CO2 emission
o Formation of these fuels is due to a series of o Splitting of atoms or combination of atoms
geologic processes at the nuclear level releases large amounts of
o Remains of organic life accumulates at the heat energy
bottom of the ocean o Done in specialized unclear power plants
o Remains are buried into the crust and
become part of the geosphere Downsides
o Buried to depths to high temperatures
1. Limited supply
o In the Philippines, 69% of electricity is
2. Environmental hazard
derived from fossil fuels
3. Possibility of meltdown in the case of nuclear power
o In the entire world, around 75% of our
energy is generated by the combustion of Renewable Resources
fossil fuels
o Power plants burn fossil fuels and the heat  Geothermal Energy
o Heat energy from Earth’s crust
generated turns water into steam which
moves turbines to create electricity o Heat raises the temperature of rocks which
o Hydrocarbon+ Oxygen ------ CO2 + H2O in turn increase the temperature of nearby
o Combustion is an exothermic process groundwater
o Some groundwater turns into underground
o CH4+ 2 O2 ----- CO2+ 2 H2 O + Heat energy
steam which is then trapped to turn turbines
o Combustion creates carbon dioxide that is
to create electricity
harmful to the environment in large amounts
 o Main source of energy in the Visayas  Minimal emission
Region (38% of electricity) o Disadvantages
o Less of an environmental hazard compared  Expensive installation
to fossil fuels but still emits Oxygen gas,  Requires rare metals
nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide  Requires a large amount of space
 Biomass
Geothermal Energy Examples o Organic matter from plants and animals
 Geysers, boiling mud pots, volcanoes and hot spring o Used t create alcohol and methane
 Direct uses: o Involves the action of microorganisms
o Hot spring spas, water heating at fish farms, o Advantages
provide buildings with natural heating,  Renewable fuel source
raising plants in greenhouses. Drying crops  Minimal impact
 Indirect uses: electricity generation  Employment generation
 Alcohol fuels and efficient and
Advantage Disadvantage clean burning
Available year-round Not widespread (limited to  Universal availability
locations near geothermal
reservoirs)
Not involve combustion of High installment costs
fuel
Independent of weather Can run out of steam
Clean resource- small May release harmful gases
overall environmental
impact
Economically sound Possible high transportation
costs
Fuel is free, rate/KwH likely Susceptible to earthquakes
to be competitive

 Hydroelectric energy
o Moving water to turn turbines
o Dams
o Advantages
 Clean and safe
 Self-sustaining
 Create habits for more types of
marine life
 Flood controllers
 Very efficient (90-95%)
o Disadvantage
 Dam construction
 May displace marine life and
change the ecosystem around the
dam
 Wind energy
o More ships and pump water
o Wind turbines installed in strategic location
o Mechanical energy to electrical energy
 Solar energy
o Accessible as long as the sun exists
o Solar panels: photovoltaic cells that convert
light into electricity
o Advantages
 Abundant
 Low maintenance
 Environment friendly