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Linear and Angular Quantities: 1 Radian

1) A radian is defined as the angle that subtends an arc length equal to the radius of the circle. 2) Linear quantities like displacement, speed, and acceleration directly correspond to angular quantities measured in radians. 3) Just as mass determines linear acceleration under a force, moment of inertia determines angular acceleration under a torque.

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Praveen Kumar
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166 views

Linear and Angular Quantities: 1 Radian

1) A radian is defined as the angle that subtends an arc length equal to the radius of the circle. 2) Linear quantities like displacement, speed, and acceleration directly correspond to angular quantities measured in radians. 3) Just as mass determines linear acceleration under a force, moment of inertia determines angular acceleration under a torque.

Uploaded by

Praveen Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear and Angular Quantities

To understand the relationships between linear and angular quantities, 
we need to know about radians:

A radian is the angle that subtends an arc length equal to the radius of the circle.

A general arc has length s = r  where r is the radius 
r and  is the angle measured in radians 

 Since a circle has circumference C = 2 r , this means 


that 2 radians = 360.
r
 = 1 radian

Linear Quantity Angular Quantity Relationship*

Displacement s Angular Displacement  

Speed v Angular Speed  

Acceleration a Angular acceleration  a 

Mass m Moment of inertia I

The correspondence between linear and angular quantities gives us corresponding angular 
kinematic equations:

=  + =  + 

∆ ∆

*These relationships only hold if  is measured in radians
Just as the mass of an object, m,  determines its acceleration under a given force,  F ,
its moment of inertia, I, determines its angular acceleration under a given torque,  .

The magnitude of the torque,  , is defined as

where  R is the displacement from the pivot point and  is the angle between

R and F .
F
Moment of inertia I  is defined about a pivot point. 
 Object
For a single object (as shown) Pivot Point with mass m
P I mR
R
m1

R1 m2
For a collection of N objects
m3 R2
R3 P (in the figure N = 4)
R4

m4

Linear Quantity Angular Quantity Relationship

Mass m Moment of inertia I (see above)

Force F = m a Torque  = I   = F r sin *


Translational Kinetic Energy  Rotational Kinetic Energy    
K.E. =   K.E. =  

Linear Momentum P =  Angular Momentum L =  

If there is no external torque on a system, then the total angular momentum is conserved 
(just as total linear momentum is conserved if there is no external force). 

*Here  is the angle between       and        .
F r

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