BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF COMPUTING

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Final Year Project I Proposal

TITLE: Network Design for BDU Tibebe Giyon Specialized Hospital

Supervised by: haileyeyesus

By:

Addisu Tesfa ……………………………………………0801545

Bewketu Asmare ……………………………………….0801589

Addisu Yenew………………………………………. …0700

Berhanu Tarekegn……………………………………0700

Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

[Submission date 14/03/2011]

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Approved by advisor

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Approved by board of examiner

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Full name Signature date

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Full name signature Date

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Full name signature Date

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 Executive Summary
Computer networks have become extremely important in our present-day society. A
majority of companies depend on the proper functioning of their networks for communications,
administration, automation, e-business solutions, etc. The Local Area Network (LAN) is the
most basic and important computer network owned by individual companies and could be used
for interconnection with wide area networks. A LAN permits effective cost sharing of high-value
data processing equipment such as mass storage media, mainframe computers or minicomputers,
and high-speed printers. Resource sharing is probably equally as important where a LAN serves
as the access vehicle for an intranet or the Internet. In view of this, system managers need
professional tools to help them with the design and maintenance of LANs. A simulation tool
offers a way to predict the impact on the network of a hardware upgrade, a change in topology,
an increase in traffic load or the use of a new application. So in this paper, a LAN network is
designed using Cisco Packet Tracer. The paper describes how the tool can be used to develop a
simulation model of the LAN for BDU Tibebe Giyon Specialized Hospital. The study provides
an insight into various concepts such as topology design, IP address configuration and how to
send information in form of packets in a single network and the use of Virtual Local Area
Networks (VLANs) to separate the traffic generated by different departments. Finally, we are
going to design fast, secured and 24/7 available network module for BDU Tibebe Giyon
Specialized Hospital.
Project goal
● Not employed so as to minimize the risk of unauthorized Users.
● To further enhance the understanding of Network Design.

● To provide the best network design in terms of performance and efficiency to the users.
● To give network access for users.
● To make the network fast.
● Make the network easy to use.
● To make the design more scalable.
● To reduce the cost

Overview of the project

In Bahir Dar University Tibebe Giyon Specialized Hospital, there is high level of information’s
and data flows between the Computers of the Hospital. Such buildings have a task on
information and inter operation and Provision accurate decision. A local Area Network is
recommended for such building, which will support it with resource Sharing, information
sharing, data exchange, data backups, internet sharing, Internet Access etc. This is some inside
infrastructures planned to the building.

The Hospital has 6 (six) floors. In floor1 there are 45 rooms for different purposes like
Physiotherapy, Laundry room, data center, store, lecture class and ICT rooms. In floor2 there are
87 rooms like central triangle room, patient registries, casher room, admission room, pharmacy

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room, outpatient room, laboratory room, dental room, radiology department etc. In floor3 there
are around 121 rooms like operation room, micro biology room, minor operation room, recovery
room, station etc. In floor4 there are around 74 rooms like major operation rooms, recovery
rooms, delivery rooms, ICU, NICU, wards, Genecology/OBS ward etc. In floor5 have around 50
rooms like nurse station, Doctor Duty room, surgical ward, stations orthopedics etc. In floor 6
there are around 47 rooms like pediatrics wards, medical wards, stations etc. All of the floors are
needed internet access. The server room is found under the ground. Almost all the rooms in the
building are assumed to be included in the Installation of the network. Every room is also
assumed to be connecting to a network correctly.

Problem Definition
There is no internet connection in the Tibebe Giyon Specialized Hospital; the Hospital needs
internet access to fulfill their need. The Hospital uses different services and applications to
facilitate their task. These services and applications are integrated to each other by using internet
connection, so to facilitate their communication it needs internet access. It also no satisfied the
customers because the communication is manual.

Because of the absence of internet the hospital system cannot work interactively so it uses more
man power, money, and so on….

Proposed Solution
The proposed solution is to design the network and install the internet for the Hospital to
facilitate their task.In our design we have chosen star topology because all terminal nodes
connect directly to a central node, usually a host computer and file server. This topology
facilitates central control of the network and economizes on the need for network intelligence in
remote nodes because the central node manages all network activity. In addition to this topology
is used to:-

❖ Easy to install and wire.

❖ No disruption to the network then connecting or removing devices.
❖ Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
❖ If one the computer is fail the other are not fail.
❖ Easy to add new station.

General objective

The objective of the project is to design the perfect network for the Hospital.

Specific objective

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1. Secure Service: The main objective of this network is to provide secure administrative
computing Service to the Customers. It is designed to be functionally and physically isolated
from access by people not employed the Hospital so as to minimize the risk of unauthorized use.

2. Integration and Update: This is a new installation in the Hospital with only exterior walls.
The network and equipment being installed will be new state of the art equipment designed
specifically for Hospital.

3. Versatile Information Processing: The network will enable users to retrieve, process, and
store data regarding the operation of the Hospital, its clients, accounting, billing and tracking.

4. Scalability: The network design is scalable so that more network cable equipment can be
added if needed and as funding becomes available without having to redo the installed network.

5. Manageability: No matter how good the initial network design is, the available network staff
must be able to manage and support the network. A network that is too complex or difficult to
maintain cannot function effectively and efficiently.
➢ To reduce the cost
➢ To facilitate the communication
➢ To increases the performance
➢ To increase the availability
➢ To add new users and applications easily
➢ To facilitate the their tasks
➢ To improve the effectiveness of the workers
➢ To secure the system and the data(information)

1. Project scope
The project will be include the design of fully switched star topology network .this includes the
logical and physical design of all the network devices, cabling and interfaces which include but
not limited to work stations ,multi-function devices ,servers ,switches ,routers and all related
software but not cover the develop software for the Hospital and installation .

Methodology

In our design we have chosen star topology because all terminal nodes connect directly to a
central node, usually a host computer and file server. This topology facilitates central control of
the network and economizes on the need for network intelligence in remote nodes because the
central node manages all network activity. In addition to this topology is used to:-

❖ Easy to install and wire.

❖ No disruption to the network then connecting or removing devices.

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 ❖ Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
❖ If one the computer is fail the other are not fail.
❖ Easy to add new station.

To meet a customer’s business and technical goals for a corporate network design, you might
need to recommend a network topology consisting of many interrelated components. This
task is made easier if you can “divide and conquer” the job and develop the design in layers.
Network design experts have developed the hierarchical network design model to help you
develop a topology in discrete layers. Each layer can be focused on specific functions,
allowing you to choose the right systems and features for the layer.
1 Core Layer
A core layer is a set of high-end routers and switches that are optimized for availability and
performance. It is the high-speed backbone of the internetwork. Because the core layer is critical
for interconnectivity, you should design the core layer with redundant components.
2 Distribution Layer
The distribution layer of the network is the demarcation point between the access and core layers
of the network. The distribution layer has many roles, including controlling access to resources
for security reasons and controlling network traffic that traverses the core for performance
reasons. The distribution layer is often the layer that delineates broadcast domains. In network
designs that include virtual LANs (VLAN), the distribution layer can be configured to route
between VLANs.
3 Access Layer
The access layer provides users on local segments with access to the internetwork. The access
layer can include routers, switches, shared-media and wireless access points.
Why Use a Hierarchical Network Design Model?
Using a hierarchical model over flat network has the following advantages
✓ Reduced broadcast packets, which will reduce the CPU interruption of each device with a
protocol understanding for that broadcast is installed
✓ Reduced CPU workload required for routers to communicate with many other routers and
process numerous route advertisements
✓ Minimized installation cost by avoiding spending money on unnecessary features for a
layer.
✓ Modularity enables you to keep each design element simple and easy to understand.
Simplicity minimizes the need for extensive training for network operations personnel
and expedites the implementation of a design.
✓ Fault isolation is improved because network technicians can easily recognize the
transition points in the network to help them isolate possible failure points.
✓ Hierarchical design facilitates changes. As elements in a network require change, the cost
of making an upgrade is contained to a small subset of the overall network systems.
✓ When scalability is a major goal, a hierarchical topology is recommended because
modularity in a design enables creating design elements that can be replicated as the

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 network grows. Because each instance of a module is consistent, expansion is easy to
plan and implement.
✓ Today’s fast-converging routing protocols were designed for hierarchical topologies
Project deliverability

Typical technical goals include scalability, availability, network performance, security,

manageability, usability, adaptability and affordability. Tradeoffs have to be made in association
with the technical goals. For example, meeting strict requirements for performance can make it
hard to meet a goal of affordability.

Scalability

Scalability refers to how much growth a network design must support. The Hospitals add users,
applications, additional sites, and external network connections at rapid rate. The network design
you propose to a customer should be able to adapt to increase in network usage and scope.

Availability

Availability refers to the amount of time a network is available to users and is often a critical
goal for network design customers. The Hospital network must work 24-hour, 7-days-a-week
service. Availability means how much time the network is operational.
Disaster Recovery
The hospital plan how to sustain a business and technical operations after a natural disaster such
as floods, fires, hurricanes, and earthquakes, they also need to specify a recovery plan for
unnatural disasters, such as bombs, terrorist, attacks, riots, or hostage situations.
Employees must be drilled on the actions they should take in a disaster. If the people don’t
survive, the technology won’t help much. Also, people should practice working with the network
in the configuration it will likely have after a disaster when redundant servers or sites are in use.
Accuracy

The overall goal for accuracy is that the data received at the destination must be the same as the
data sent by the source. Typical causes of data errors include power surges or spikes, impedance
mismatch problems, poor physical connections, failing devices, and noise caused by electrical
machinery. Sometimes software bugs can cause data errors also, although software problems are
a less common cause of errors than physical layer problems. In the case of IP networks,
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides retransmission of data.

Efficiency

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It is a measurement of how effective an operation is in comparison to the cost in effort, energy,
time, or money. Efficiency specifies how much overhead is required to produce a required
outcome.
Security
Security is a key technical goal, and security design is one of the most important aspects of
enterprise network design. Increased threats from both inside and outside the enterprise network
require the most up-to-date security rules and technologies. An overall goal that most companies
have is that security problems should not disrupt the company’s ability to conduct business.
Network design customers need assurances that a design offers protection against business data
and other assets getting damaged or accessed inappropriately. Every company has trade secrets,
business operations, and equipment to protect. The first task in security design is planning.
Planning involves identifying network assets that must be protected, analyzing risks, and
developing requirements.

Manageability
Every customer has different objectives regarding the manageability of a network. Some
customers have precise goals, such as a plan to use SNMP to record the number of bytes each
router receives and sends. Other clients have less-specific goals.

ISO uses the FCAPS acronym to help you remember the following network management
functions:
✓ Fault management: Detecting, isolating, and correcting problems; reporting problems to
end users and managers; tracking trends related to problems
✓ Configuration management: Controlling, operating, identifying, and collecting data
from managed devices
✓ Accounting management: Accounting of network usage to allocate costs to network
users and/or plan for changes in capacity requirements
✓ Performance management: Analyzing traffic and application behavior to optimize a
network, meet service-level agreements, and plan for expansion
✓ Security management: Monitoring and testing security and protection policies,
maintaining and distributing passwords and other authentication and authorization
information, managing encryption keys, and auditing adherence to security policies

Usability
Usability refers to the ease of use with which network users can access the network and services.
Usability focuses on making network users’ jobs easier. It is important to gain an understanding
of how important usability is to your network design customer; because some network design
components can have a negative effect on usability. For example, strict security policies can have
a negative effect on usability. You can plan to maximize usability by deploying user-friendly,

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host-naming schemes and easy-to-use configuration methods that make use of dynamic
protocols, such as the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

Adaptability
When designing a network, you should try to avoid incorporating any elements that would make
it hard to implement new technologies in the future. A good network design can adapt to new
technologies and changes. Changes can come in the form of new protocols, new business
practices, new fiscal goals, new legislation, and a myriad of other possibilities.

Affordability
The final technical goal is affordability which is sometimes called cost-effectiveness. it should
carry the maximum amount of traffic for a given financial cost. Financial costs include
nonrecurring equipment costs and recurring network operation costs.

Reference
 Network design slides
 https://www.coursehero.com/file/24295087/Network-Design-Proposalpdf/
 http://normcoleman.norkris.com/Samples/HappyHavenDayCareCenter-
NetworkDesignProposal2.pdf
 https://www.scte.org/documents/pdf/CCNA4%20Sample.pdf