Halleffect Sensor

ATS665LSG
True Zero Speed,

High Accuracy, Gear Tooth Sensor
The ATS665 true zero-speed gear tooth sensor is an optimized
Hall IC/magnet configuration packaged in a molded module that
provides a user-friendly solution for digital gear tooth sensing
applications. The sensor module consists of an over-molded
package, which holds together a samarium cobalt magnet, a pole
piece and a true zero-speed Hall IC that has been optimized to the
magnetic circuit. This small package can be easily assembled and
used in conjunction with gears of various shapes and sizes.
The sensor incorporates a dual element Hall IC that switches in

response to differential magnetic signals created by a ferrous
target. The IC contains a sophisticated compensating circuit
designed to reduce the detrimental effects of magnet and system
offsets. Digital processing of the analog signal provides zero speed
performance independent of air gap and also dynamic adaptation of
device performance to the typical operating conditions found in
automotive applications (reduced vibration sensitivity). High-
resolution peak detecting DACs are used to set the adaptive
switching thresholds of the device. Hysteresis in the thresholds
Pin 1: VCC reduces the negative effects of any anomalies in the magnetic
Pin 2: VOUT signal associated with the targets used in many automotive
Pin 3: Tie to Gnd or Float applications.
Pin 4: Gnd
This sensor’s ability to provide tight duty cycle at high speeds
and over a wide temperature range makes it ideal for transmission
and industrial speed applications. The ATS665 is available in the
SG package in the automotive temperature range, -40° to 150° (L).
FEATURES & BENEFITS
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS True zero-speed operation
Supply Voltage 1 , Switchpoints independent of air gap
VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 V High vibration immunity
Reverse Supply Voltage, Precise duty cycle signal over operating temperature range
VRCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –18 V Large operating air gaps
Reverse Output Current 2 , Defined power-on state
IRCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 mA Wide operating voltage range
Continuous Output Current, Digital output representing target profile
IOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mA Single-chip sensing IC for high reliability
Ambient Operating Temperature Range, Small mechanical size
TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40° C to 150°C Optimized Hall IC magnetic system
Storage Temperature, 200 µs power-on time at gear speed < 100 rpm
TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65° C to 170°C AGC and reference adjust circuit
Maximum Junction Temperature, Under-voltage lockout
TJmax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165° C
Order by: ATS665LSGTN-T (Pb-free, 800 pieces/reel).

(Pb-based variants are being phased out of the product line. ATS665LSGTN is in production but have been
determined to be NOT FOR NEW DESIGN. This classification indicates that sale of this device is currently restricted
1 to existing customer applications. The device should not be purchased for new design applications because
Refer to power de-rating curve
2 obsolescence in the near future is probable. Samples are no longer available. Status change: May 1, 2006.)
VOUT ≥ -0.5V
Rev.1
ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Valid at TA = -40oC to 150oC over air gap, unless otherwise noted

Typical operating parameters: Vcc = 12 V and TA = 25°C
Limits
Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions
Min. Typ. Max. Units
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Supply Voltage VCC Operating; Tj < Tjmax 3.3 – 24 V
< Vcc
Under Voltage Lockout VCC(UV) – – V
min
Reverse Supply Current IRCC VCC = –18 V – – –10 mA
Supply Zener Clamp Voltage VZ Icc = IcconMAX + 3mA,TA = 25°C 26.5 – – V
Icconmax
Supply Zener Current IZ Test only; VCC = 28V, Tj < Tj(max) – – mA
+3
Output OFF – 8 14 mA
Supply Current ICC
Output ON – 8 14 mA
POWER-ON STATE CHARACTERISTICS
Power-On State SPO – High –
Power-On Time tPO Gear Speed < 100 RPM; VCC > VCC min – – 200 μs
OUTPUT STAGE
Low Output Voltage VSat Output = ON, ISINK = 20 mA – 225 400 mV
Output Current Limit Ilim VOUT = 12 V, Tj < Tj(max) 25 45 70 mA
Output Leakage Current IOFF Output = OFF, VOUT = 24 V – – 10 μA
Output Rise Time tr RLOAD = 500 Ω, CLOAD = 10 pF – 1.0 2 μs
Output Fall Time tf RLOAD = 500 Ω, CLOAD = 10 pF – 0.6 2 μs
SWITCH POINT CHARACTERISTICS
Target Speed S Reference target 0 – 12000 rpm
Bandwidth f-3dB – 20 – kHz
Operate Point BOP
B % of peak-to-peak signal, AG < AG (max) – 70 – %
Release Point BRP % of peak-to-peak signal, AG < AG (max) – 30 – %
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Page 2
ATS665LSG
CALIBRATION
Initial Calibration Start-up 3 – 2 6 Edges
Calibration Update Running mode operation Continuous
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (with 60-0 reference target)
Measured from sensor face to top of
Operational Air Gap AG 0.5 – 2.5 mm
target tooth
Duty Cycle AG < AG (max), reference target 42 47 52 %
Operating Signal Duty cycle spec compliance 60 – – G
REFERENCE TARGET/GEAR INFORMATION
3
Power-on speed ≤ 200 rpm
Diameter 120 mm
Thickness 6 mm
Tooth Width 3 mm
Valley Width 3 mm
Valley Depth 3 mm
Material Low carbon steel
Page 3
ATS665LSG
SENSOR DESCRIPTION
Assembly Description:
The ATS665 true zero speed gear tooth sensor is a Hall IC/magnet configuration that is fully optimized to provide digital
detection of gear tooth edges. This sensor is integrally molded into a plastic body that has been optimized for size, ease of
assembly, and manufacturability. High operating temperature materials are used in all aspects of construction.
Sensing Technology:
The gear tooth sensor sub-assembly contains a single-chip differential Hall effect sensor IC, a Samarium Cobalt magnet,
and a flat ferrous pole piece. The Hall IC consists of two Hall elements spaced 2.2 mm apart which measure the magnetic
gradient created by the passing of a ferrous object. The gradient is converted to an analog voltage that is then processed
to provide a digital output signal.
Page 4
ATS665LSG
Operation:
After proper power is applied to the component the sensor is then capable of providing digital information that is
representative of the profile of a rotating gear. No additional optimization is needed and minimal processing circuitry is
required. This ease of use should reduce design time and incremental assembly costs for most applications. The following
output diagram is indicative of the sensor performance for the polarity indicated in the figure at the bottom of the page.
MECHANICAL PROFILE
MAGNETIC PROFILE
SENSOR ELECTRICAL OUTPUT PROFILE
Output Polarity:
The output of the sensor will switch from LOW to HIGH as the leading edge of the tooth passes the sensor face in the
direction indicated in the figure below. In this system configuration, the output voltage will be high when the sensor is facing
a tooth. If rotation occurs in the opposite direction, the output polarity will invert.
High over Tooth
Power-On State Operation:

The device is guaranteed to power up in the OFF state (logic high output).
Page 5
ATS665LSG
Start-up Detection:
Since the sensor powers up in the OFF state (logic high output), the first edge seen by the sensor can be missed if the
switching induced by that edge reinforces the OFF state. Therefore, the first edge that can be guaranteed to induce an
output transition is the second detected edge. This device has accurate first electrical falling edge detection. The tables
below show various start-up schemes.
MECHANICAL
TARGET PROFILE
MAGNETIC PROFILE
(High over Tooth)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Valley)
High over Tooth
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Rising Edge)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Tooth)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Falling Edge)
Sensor start-up location
MECHANICAL
TARGET PROFILE
MAGNETIC PROFILE
(Low over Tooth)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Valley)
Low over Tooth
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Rising Edge)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Tooth)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Falling Edge)
Sensor start-up location
Page 6
ATS665LSG
Under-Voltage Lockout:
When the supply voltage falls below the minimum operating voltage (VccUV), the device turns OFF and stays OFF
irrespective of the state of the magnetic field. This prevents false signals caused by under-voltage conditions from
propagating to the output of the sensor.
Power Supply Protection:

The device contains an on-chip regulator and can operate over a wide supply voltage range. For devices that need to
operate from an unregulated power supply, transient protection must be added externally. For applications using a
regulated line, EMI/RFI protection may still be required. The following circuit is the most basic configuration required for
proper device operation. For EMC information, contact your Allegro representative.
Internal Electronics:
The ATS665 contains a self-calibrating Hall effect IC that possesses two Hall elements, a temperature compensated
amplifier and offset cancellation circuitry. The IC also contains a voltage regulator that provides supply noise rejection over
the operating voltage range. The Hall transducers and the electronics are integrated on the same silicon substrate using a
proprietary BiCMOS process. Changes in temperature do not greatly affect this device due to the stable amplifier design
and the offset rejection circuitry.
Vcc
Vsig
INTERNAL
HALL AMP AUTOMATIC REGULATOR

GAIN
CONTROL
THRESHOLD OUTPUT
COMPARATOR
THRESHP
REFERENCE Output
GENERATOR THRESH Transisto
LOGIC r
PDAC PPEAK
Current
Limit
THRESHN
NDAC NPEAK
GND
Page 7
ATS665LSG
SENSOR OPERATION: AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL (AGC)

The patented self-calibrating circuitry is unique. After each power up, the device measures the peak-to-peak magnetic
signal. The gain of the sensor is then adjusted which keeps the internal signal amplitude constant over the air gap range of
the device. This feature provides operational characteristics independent of air gap.
DIFFERENTIAL MAGNETIC SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

WITH INCREASING AIR GAP WITH INCREASING AIR GAP
1000 1000
800 0.25 mm 0.25 mm
DIFFERENTIAL SIGNAL [mV]

800
MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY
0.50 mm 0.50 mm
600 600
1.00 mm 1.00 mm
400 400 1.50 mm
1.50 mm
[GAUSS]
200 2.00 mm 200 2.00 mm

0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
-600 -600
-800 -800
-1000 -1000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
TARGET POSITION [DEGREES] TARGET POSITION [DEGREES]
Magnetic Signal with no Amplification Electrical Signal after AGC
SENSOR OPERATION: OFFSET ADJUST
In addition to normalizing performance over air gap, the gain control circuitry also reduces the effect of chip, magnet, and
installation offsets. This is accomplished using two D/A converters that capture the peak and valley of the signal and use it
as a reference for the switching comparator. If induced offsets bias the absolute signal up or down, AGC and the dynamic
DAC behavior work to normalize and reduce the impact of the offset on sensor performance.
Page 8
ATS665LSG
SENSOR OPERATION: SWITCHPOINTS

Switchpoints in the ATS665 are established dynamically as a percentage of the amplitude of the normalized magnetic
signal. Two DACs track the peaks of the normalized magnetic signal (see the section on Update); the switching thresholds
are established at 30% and 70% of the two DAC’s values. The proximity of the thresholds near 50% ensures the most
accurate and consistent switching where the signal is steepest and least affected by air gap variation.
The hysteresis of 40% provides high air gap performance and immunity to false switching on noise, vibration, backlash and
other transient events. Since the hysteresis value is independent of air gap, it provides protection against false switching in
the presence of overshoot that can be induced on the edges of large teeth.
The figure below graphically demonstrates the establishment of the switching threshold levels.
Switching Threshold Levels
Bop
100 %
70 %
30 %
0%
Brp
Because the threshold are established dynamically as a percentage of the peak-peak signal, the effect of a baseline shift is
minimized. As a result, the effects of offsets induced by tilted or off-center installation are minimized.
Page 9
ATS665LSG
SENSOR OPERATION: UPDATE

The ATS665 incorporates an algorithm that continuously monitors the system and updates the switching thresholds
accordingly. The switch point for each edge is determined by the previous two edges. Since variations are tracked in real
time, the sensor has high immunity to target run-out and retains excellent accuracy and functionality in the presence of
both run-out and transient mechanical events. The figures below show how the sensor uses historical data to provide the
switching threshold for a given edge.
Switching Level - Operate
Operate point
based on previous
two peaks
Switching Level - Release
Release point
based on previous
two peaks
Page 10
ATS665LSG
SENSOR/TARGET EVALUATION
In order to establish the proper operating specification for a particular sensor/target system, a systematic evaluation of the
magnetic circuit should be performed. The first step is the generation of a magnetic map of the target. By using a
calibrated device, a magnetic signature of the system is made. The following is a map of the 60-0 reference target. Flux
density shown is the differential of the magnetic fields sensed at the two Hall elements.
300
250
200
150
Flux Density [Gauss]
100 0.94mm
1.19mm
50 1.44mm
1.69mm
0
1.94mm
-50 2.19mm
2.44mm
-100 2.69mm
-150 2.94mm
3.19mm
-200
-250
-300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Position [º]
A single curve is distilled from this map data that describes the peak-peak magnetic field versus air gap. Knowing the
minimum amount of magnetic flux density that guarantees operation of the sensor, one can determine the maximum
operational air gap of the sensor/target system. Referring to the chart below, a minimum required peak-peak signal of 60G
corresponds to a maximum air gap of approximately 2.5 mm.
ATS665LSG 60-0 TARGET MAP

700
600
Peak-Peak Flux Density [Gauss]
500
400
300
200
100
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Air Gap [mm]
Page 11
ATS665LSG
TARGET DESIGN
For the generation of adequate magnetic field levels to maximize air gap performance, the following recommendations
should be followed in the design and specification of targets.
• Tooth width > 2 mm

• Valley width > 2 mm
• Valley depth > 2 mm
• Gear thickness > 3 mm
• Target material must be low carbon steel
Though these parameters apply to targets of traditional geometry (radially oriented teeth with radial sensing), they can be
applied to stamped targets as well. For stamped geometries with axial sensing, the valley depth is intrinsically infinite so
the criteria for tooth width, valley width, material thickness (can be < 3 mm) and material specification need only be
considered.
SENSOR EVALUATION: ACCURACY

While the update algorithm will allow the sensor the adapt to system changes (i.e. air gap increase), major changes in air
gap can adversely affect switching performance. When characterizing sensor performance over a significant air gap range,
be sure to re-power the device at each air gap. This ensures that self-calibration occurs for each installation condition.
See the section entitled Characteristic Data for typical duty cycle performance.
Page 12
ATS665LSG
POWER DE-RATING
Due to internal power consumption, the junction Tj = Ta + ΔT

temperature of the IC, Tj, is higher than the ambient
environment temperature, Ta. To ensure that the device Then, at Ta = 150 °C:
does not operate above the maximum rated junction ΔTmax = Tjmax – Tamax = 165°C - 150°C = 15°C
temperature use the following calculations:
If:
ΔT = PD * Rθja ΔT = PD * Rθja
Where: PD = Vcc * Icc Then, at Ta = 150°C:
PDmax = ΔTmax / Rθja = 15°C / 126°C/W = 119 mW
∴ ΔT=Vcc * Icc * Rθja
If:
Where ΔT denotes the temperature rise resulting from PD = Vcc * Icc
the IC’s power dissipation.
Then the maximum Vcc at 150°C is therefore:
Tj = Ta + ΔT
Vccmax = PDmax / Icc = 119 mW / 12.0 mA = 9.9 V
For the sensor :
This value applies only to the voltage drop across the
Tj(max) = 165°C 665 chip. If a protective series diode or resistor is used,
Rθja = 126°C/W the effective maximum supply voltage is increased.
Typical Tj calculation: For example, when a standard diode with a 0.7 V drop is
used:
Ta = 25 °C Vsmax = 9.9 V + 0.7 V = 10.6 V

Vcc = 5 V
Icc = 7.0 mA
ATS665LSG Package Power De-Rating Curve
PD = Vcc * Icc = 5 V * 8.0 mA = 40.0 mW Thermal Resistance = 126°C/Watt, Tjmax = 165°C
30.0
28.0
ΔT = PD * Rθja = 40.0 mW * 126°C/W = 5.0°C 26.0
Maximum Supply Voltage [Volts]
24.0
Tj = Ta + ΔT = 25 °C + 5.0°C = 30.0°C 22.0
20.0
18.0
Maximum Allowable Power Dissipation Calculation 16.0
14.0 c
for ATS665:
12.0
10.0
Assume: 8.0
Ta = Tamax = 165 °C 6.0
4.0
Tj(max) = 165°C 2.0
Icc = 12.0 mA 4 0.0
If: 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Ambient Temperature [°C]
4
max Icc @ 150C < max Icc @ 25C, see characteristic
data
Page 13
ATS665LSG
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
IccOn IccOn
14 14
12 12
10 -40
10
4.3
Icc [mA]
Icc [mA]
8 0 8 12
25
20
6 85 6
26.5
150 4
4
Vcc
°C 2
2
0 0
0 10 20 30 -50 0 50 100 150
Vcc [V] Temperature [°C]
IccOff
IccOff 14
14 12
12 10
4.3
Icc [mA]
10 -40 8 12
Icc [mA]
8 0 20
6
25 26.5
6 85 4
Vcc
150
4 2
°C
2 0
0 -50 0 50 100 150
0 10 20 30 Temperature [°C]
Vcc [V]
Vsat
400
350
Output Voltage [mV]
300
250
200
150
100
50
-50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature [°C]
Page 14
ATS665LSG
CHARACTERISTIC DATA (Continued)
Duty Cycle 100 RPM Duty Cycle 100 RPM

53 53
52 52
51 51
0.4
Duty Cycle [% ]
Duty Cycle [% ]
50 50
0.5 -40
49 49
0.8 0
48 48
1.5 25
47 47
2.35 85
46 46
2.5 150
45 45
44 Air 44 °C
43 gap 43
-50 0 50 100 150 0 1 2 3
Temperature [°C] Air Gap [mm]
Duty Cycle 1000 RPM Duty Cycle @ 1000 RPM

53 53
52 52
51 51
0.4
Duty Cycle [% ]
-40
Duty Cycle [% ]
50 50
0.5 49 0
49
0.8 48 25
48
1.5 47 85
47
2.35 46 150
46
2.5 45
45 °C
44 Air 44
43 gap 43
-50 0 50 100 150 0 1 2 3
Temperature [°C] Air Gap [mm]
Page 15
ATS665LSG
PACKAGE DRAWING
Page 16
ATS665LSG
RELATED DOCUMENTS
Documents that can be found on the Allegro Microsystems web site: www.allegromicro.com :
• Definition of Terms (Pub 26004)
• Hall-Effect Devices: Soldering, Gluing, Potting, Encapsulating, and Lead Forming (AN27703.1)
• Storage of Semiconductor Devices (Pub 26011)
• Hall Effect Applications Guide (Pub 27701)
• Applications Note: Back-Biased Packaging Advances (SE, SG & SH versus SA & SB)
Additional Applications Information on gear tooth and other Allegro sensors can be obtained at Allegro’s web
site, www.allegromicro.com
Page 17

Halleffect Sensor

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Halleffect Sensor

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ATS665LSG

True Zero Speed,

The sensor incorporates a dual element Hall IC that switches in

Order by: ATS665LSGTN-T (Pb-free, 800 pieces/reel).

Valid at TA = -40oC to 150oC over air gap, unless otherwise noted

REFERENCE TARGET/GEAR INFORMATION

SENSOR ELECTRICAL OUTPUT PROFILE

High over Tooth

Power-On State Operation:

Sensor start-up location

Sensor start-up location

Power Supply Protection:

HALL AMP AUTOMATIC REGULATOR

SENSOR OPERATION: AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL (AGC)

DIFFERENTIAL MAGNETIC SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

DIFFERENTIAL SIGNAL [mV]

200 2.00 mm 200 2.00 mm

Magnetic Signal with no Amplification Electrical Signal after AGC

SENSOR OPERATION: OFFSET ADJUST

SENSOR OPERATION: SWITCHPOINTS

Switching Threshold Levels

SENSOR OPERATION: UPDATE

Switching Level - Operate

Switching Level - Release

ATS665LSG 60-0 TARGET MAP

• Tooth width > 2 mm

SENSOR EVALUATION: ACCURACY

Due to internal power consumption, the junction Tj = Ta + ΔT

Ta = 25 °C Vsmax = 9.9 V + 0.7 V = 10.6 V

Vcc [V] Temperature [°C]

CHARACTERISTIC DATA (Continued)

Duty Cycle 100 RPM Duty Cycle 100 RPM

Duty Cycle 1000 RPM Duty Cycle @ 1000 RPM

Temperature [°C] Air Gap [mm]

• Definition of Terms (Pub 26004)

• Storage of Semiconductor Devices (Pub 26011)

• Hall Effect Applications Guide (Pub 27701)

You might also like