Halleffect Sensor
Halleffect Sensor
Rev.1
ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Limits
Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions
Min. Typ. Max. Units
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Supply Voltage VCC Operating; Tj < Tjmax 3.3 – 24 V
< Vcc
Under Voltage Lockout VCC(UV) – – V
min
Reverse Supply Current IRCC VCC = –18 V – – –10 mA
Supply Zener Clamp Voltage VZ Icc = IcconMAX + 3mA,TA = 25°C 26.5 – – V
Icconmax
Supply Zener Current IZ Test only; VCC = 28V, Tj < Tj(max) – – mA
+3
Output OFF – 8 14 mA
Supply Current ICC
Output ON – 8 14 mA
POWER-ON STATE CHARACTERISTICS
Power-On State SPO – High –
Power-On Time tPO Gear Speed < 100 RPM; VCC > VCC min – – 200 μs
OUTPUT STAGE
Low Output Voltage VSat Output = ON, ISINK = 20 mA – 225 400 mV
Output Current Limit Ilim VOUT = 12 V, Tj < Tj(max) 25 45 70 mA
Output Leakage Current IOFF Output = OFF, VOUT = 24 V – – 10 μA
Output Rise Time tr RLOAD = 500 Ω, CLOAD = 10 pF – 1.0 2 μs
Output Fall Time tf RLOAD = 500 Ω, CLOAD = 10 pF – 0.6 2 μs
SWITCH POINT CHARACTERISTICS
Target Speed S Reference target 0 – 12000 rpm
Bandwidth f-3dB – 20 – kHz
Operate Point BOP
B % of peak-to-peak signal, AG < AG (max) – 70 – %
Release Point BRP % of peak-to-peak signal, AG < AG (max) – 30 – %
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
CALIBRATION
Initial Calibration Start-up 3 – 2 6 Edges
Calibration Update Running mode operation Continuous
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (with 60-0 reference target)
Measured from sensor face to top of
Operational Air Gap AG 0.5 – 2.5 mm
target tooth
Duty Cycle AG < AG (max), reference target 42 47 52 %
Operating Signal Duty cycle spec compliance 60 – – G
3
Power-on speed ≤ 200 rpm
Diameter 120 mm
Thickness 6 mm
Tooth Width 3 mm
Valley Width 3 mm
Valley Depth 3 mm
Material Low carbon steel
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
SENSOR DESCRIPTION
Assembly Description:
The ATS665 true zero speed gear tooth sensor is a Hall IC/magnet configuration that is fully optimized to provide digital
detection of gear tooth edges. This sensor is integrally molded into a plastic body that has been optimized for size, ease of
assembly, and manufacturability. High operating temperature materials are used in all aspects of construction.
Sensing Technology:
The gear tooth sensor sub-assembly contains a single-chip differential Hall effect sensor IC, a Samarium Cobalt magnet,
and a flat ferrous pole piece. The Hall IC consists of two Hall elements spaced 2.2 mm apart which measure the magnetic
gradient created by the passing of a ferrous object. The gradient is converted to an analog voltage that is then processed
to provide a digital output signal.
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
Operation:
After proper power is applied to the component the sensor is then capable of providing digital information that is
representative of the profile of a rotating gear. No additional optimization is needed and minimal processing circuitry is
required. This ease of use should reduce design time and incremental assembly costs for most applications. The following
output diagram is indicative of the sensor performance for the polarity indicated in the figure at the bottom of the page.
MECHANICAL PROFILE
MAGNETIC PROFILE
Output Polarity:
The output of the sensor will switch from LOW to HIGH as the leading edge of the tooth passes the sensor face in the
direction indicated in the figure below. In this system configuration, the output voltage will be high when the sensor is facing
a tooth. If rotation occurs in the opposite direction, the output polarity will invert.
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
Start-up Detection:
Since the sensor powers up in the OFF state (logic high output), the first edge seen by the sensor can be missed if the
switching induced by that edge reinforces the OFF state. Therefore, the first edge that can be guaranteed to induce an
output transition is the second detected edge. This device has accurate first electrical falling edge detection. The tables
below show various start-up schemes.
MECHANICAL
TARGET PROFILE
MAGNETIC PROFILE
(High over Tooth)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Valley)
High over Tooth
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Rising Edge)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Tooth)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Falling Edge)
MECHANICAL
TARGET PROFILE
MAGNETIC PROFILE
(Low over Tooth)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Valley)
Low over Tooth
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Rising Edge)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Tooth)
SENSOR OUTPUT
(Start-up over Falling Edge)
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
Under-Voltage Lockout:
When the supply voltage falls below the minimum operating voltage (VccUV), the device turns OFF and stays OFF
irrespective of the state of the magnetic field. This prevents false signals caused by under-voltage conditions from
propagating to the output of the sensor.
Internal Electronics:
The ATS665 contains a self-calibrating Hall effect IC that possesses two Hall elements, a temperature compensated
amplifier and offset cancellation circuitry. The IC also contains a voltage regulator that provides supply noise rejection over
the operating voltage range. The Hall transducers and the electronics are integrated on the same silicon substrate using a
proprietary BiCMOS process. Changes in temperature do not greatly affect this device due to the stable amplifier design
and the offset rejection circuitry.
Vcc
Vsig
INTERNAL
THRESHOLD OUTPUT
COMPARATOR
THRESHP
REFERENCE Output
GENERATOR THRESH Transisto
LOGIC r
PDAC PPEAK
Current
Limit
THRESHN
NDAC NPEAK
GND
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
0.50 mm 0.50 mm
600 600
1.00 mm 1.00 mm
400 400 1.50 mm
1.50 mm
[GAUSS]
In addition to normalizing performance over air gap, the gain control circuitry also reduces the effect of chip, magnet, and
installation offsets. This is accomplished using two D/A converters that capture the peak and valley of the signal and use it
as a reference for the switching comparator. If induced offsets bias the absolute signal up or down, AGC and the dynamic
DAC behavior work to normalize and reduce the impact of the offset on sensor performance.
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
The hysteresis of 40% provides high air gap performance and immunity to false switching on noise, vibration, backlash and
other transient events. Since the hysteresis value is independent of air gap, it provides protection against false switching in
the presence of overshoot that can be induced on the edges of large teeth.
The figure below graphically demonstrates the establishment of the switching threshold levels.
Bop
100 %
70 %
30 %
0%
Brp
Because the threshold are established dynamically as a percentage of the peak-peak signal, the effect of a baseline shift is
minimized. As a result, the effects of offsets induced by tilted or off-center installation are minimized.
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
Operate point
based on previous
two peaks
Release point
based on previous
two peaks
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
SENSOR/TARGET EVALUATION
In order to establish the proper operating specification for a particular sensor/target system, a systematic evaluation of the
magnetic circuit should be performed. The first step is the generation of a magnetic map of the target. By using a
calibrated device, a magnetic signature of the system is made. The following is a map of the 60-0 reference target. Flux
density shown is the differential of the magnetic fields sensed at the two Hall elements.
300
250
200
150
Flux Density [Gauss]
100 0.94mm
1.19mm
50 1.44mm
1.69mm
0
1.94mm
-50 2.19mm
2.44mm
-100 2.69mm
-150 2.94mm
3.19mm
-200
-250
-300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Position [º]
A single curve is distilled from this map data that describes the peak-peak magnetic field versus air gap. Knowing the
minimum amount of magnetic flux density that guarantees operation of the sensor, one can determine the maximum
operational air gap of the sensor/target system. Referring to the chart below, a minimum required peak-peak signal of 60G
corresponds to a maximum air gap of approximately 2.5 mm.
600
Peak-Peak Flux Density [Gauss]
500
400
300
200
100
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Air Gap [mm]
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
TARGET DESIGN
For the generation of adequate magnetic field levels to maximize air gap performance, the following recommendations
should be followed in the design and specification of targets.
Though these parameters apply to targets of traditional geometry (radially oriented teeth with radial sensing), they can be
applied to stamped targets as well. For stamped geometries with axial sensing, the valley depth is intrinsically infinite so
the criteria for tooth width, valley width, material thickness (can be < 3 mm) and material specification need only be
considered.
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
POWER DE-RATING
Typical Tj calculation: For example, when a standard diode with a 0.7 V drop is
used:
24.0
Tj = Ta + ΔT = 25 °C + 5.0°C = 30.0°C 22.0
20.0
18.0
Maximum Allowable Power Dissipation Calculation 16.0
14.0 c
for ATS665:
12.0
10.0
Assume: 8.0
Ta = Tamax = 165 °C 6.0
4.0
Tj(max) = 165°C 2.0
Icc = 12.0 mA 4 0.0
If: 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Ambient Temperature [°C]
4
max Icc @ 150C < max Icc @ 25C, see characteristic
data
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
IccOn IccOn
14 14
12 12
10 -40
10
4.3
Icc [mA]
Icc [mA]
8 0 8 12
25
20
6 85 6
26.5
150 4
4
Vcc
°C 2
2
0 0
0 10 20 30 -50 0 50 100 150
IccOff
IccOff 14
14 12
12 10
4.3
Icc [mA]
10 -40 8 12
Icc [mA]
8 0 20
6
25 26.5
6 85 4
Vcc
150
4 2
°C
2 0
0 -50 0 50 100 150
0 10 20 30 Temperature [°C]
Vcc [V]
Vsat
400
350
Output Voltage [mV]
300
250
200
150
100
50
-50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature [°C]
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
Duty Cycle [% ]
Duty Cycle [% ]
50 50
0.5 -40
49 49
0.8 0
48 48
1.5 25
47 47
2.35 85
46 46
2.5 150
45 45
44 Air 44 °C
43 gap 43
-50 0 50 100 150 0 1 2 3
Temperature [°C] Air Gap [mm]
-40
Duty Cycle [% ]
50 50
0.5 49 0
49
0.8 48 25
48
1.5 47 85
47
2.35 46 150
46
2.5 45
45 °C
44 Air 44
43 gap 43
-50 0 50 100 150 0 1 2 3
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
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ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
PACKAGE DRAWING
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Page 16
ATS665LSG
TRUE ZERO-SPEED GEAR TOOTH SENSOR
RELATED DOCUMENTS
Documents that can be found on the Allegro Microsystems web site: www.allegromicro.com :
• Hall-Effect Devices: Soldering, Gluing, Potting, Encapsulating, and Lead Forming (AN27703.1)
• Applications Note: Back-Biased Packaging Advances (SE, SG & SH versus SA & SB)
Additional Applications Information on gear tooth and other Allegro sensors can be obtained at Allegro’s web
site, www.allegromicro.com
Final Version, Rev 2.0; MN; 19Dec05 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 1993, 1995, 2005 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Page 17