Lesson Plan in Operation on Sets

I. Objectives.

At the end of the lessons, students will be able to:

● Illustrate the differences among union, intersection, difference and complement of sets;
● Correctly solve basic operations on sets; and
● Determine the best operations of sets to use in a problem

II. Subject Matter

Topic:
Basic Operation of sets
Sets, Sets and Sets
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/pdf-view/7436
Set Operations | Notes, Videos, QA and Tests | Grade 7>Compulsory Maths>Sets

Materials: laptop, WiFi Connection, Powerpoint Presentation

III. Procedure:
TEACHERS’ ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

A. Preparatory Activities

1. Greetings

Teacher Marie Ruse:

Good morning class! Good morning, ma’am!

Please settle down now, make sure you (Students settling down)
unmute your audios and turn on your cameras.

So far, the total number of attendees in this

Zoom meeting is the same with the total
number of this class. I am grateful that
everybody is present.

Let’s start our class with a prayer. Teacher

Romeo, kindly led the prayer.

(Teacher Romeo leading the opening prayer) (Students’ praying)

Thank You, Teacher Romeo

2. Review

Before we start to discuss our topic, Teacher

Karen will help you recapitulate the lesson
given by the previous group.

Teacher Karen:

Before we start to our lesson proper, let's

review some of the terms introduced in sets.
Just saying it is boring so let’s make our
review as a game. It is somehow familiar to
you. The game is called gibberish words. So
here is the mechanics:

1. Say my name loud and clear. (Students’ listening)

2. Wait for the game master to acknowledge
you.
3. Answer within 5 seconds.
4. The one who has the most number of points
by the end of the game is the winner.
5. Every time the game master reveal the
correct answer there will be a short
description of the said words.

1. Pro appear sit

Proper Set - there is atleast one element in
B not included in A.

2. Car Then Nully Tea Sit

Cardinality Set - the number of elements in
the set

3. Sob Sit
Subset - every element in A is also an
element in B.

4. El Mint
Element - means it belongs to a given set or
member of a set.

5. Aim Tea Sit

Empty Set - a set with no element

6. This Joint Sits

Disjoint Sets - sets having no common
element.

7. Uni Verse Sal Sit

Universal Set - the set of all possible
elements of any set.

8. Joe Went Sits

Joint Sets - sets having at least one
common element.

9. In Fin neat Sit

Infinite Set - the number of elements cannot
be counted.

10. Fine Night Sit

Finite Sets - sets with a defined number of
elements. It is countable or we can count the
number of elements.

We have now refreshed our past lesson.

Please note that those terms are some of the
important terms used in the concept of sets. It
is important that we know the terms
mentioned.

Thank you for participating class. I will now

give the floor to Teacher Marie Ruse for Thank you, Teacher Karen!
 today’s motivation.

3. Motivation

To give you a hint about our topic for today,

let me give you an ice breaker first.

The title of this activity is “SORTING.”

This activity is in line to today’s lesson, which is
operation on set. The student are listening to the teacher’s
MECHANICS: mechanics.
1. The student will help the teacher to sort the
animals and visitor in the zoo.
2. Student should know the difference between
the animals in the sea and land.
3. They need to sort this in 30 seconds. The students are exited.
Are the mechanics clear?
Students reply. ( Yes ma’am)
You’re all ready?
They’re carefully listening.
All the animal and visitor at the zoo are have been
mixed up. Can you help me? The students are nodding and get clearly the
instruction.
Put all the animal’s whole lived in the water here.
Put all the land animals here.
Put all of the people here. Students will reply.

Is that clear? The students start to identify each animals.

Let’s start the game, (the teacher will show the group
of animals and visitor that they need to sort), in this
group please tell me which they belong.
The students start answering.
You may know start sorting and tell me when you’re
done. (in 30 seconds)
Students are seriously answering.
While the teachers is counting.
(There is a place for sea animals, a place for land
animals and some people. In this game, we will sort
out and try to see where all of them belong to. Where
do you think these people and animals belong to? ...) The student are start to prepare their selves to be
called.
Time’s up. Let’s start checking your answers.
Every time the student named called they answer
The teacher start to call one by one and sorting the to what is said to be sorted.
animals with the answers of the students.
Yes ma’am students replied.

Perfect you got it all. We all have the same answers?

In conclusion on this game, this game is related to

your topic today. Which is operation on set. The All
the animal and visitor at the zoo is one set, which is
we have formed another group of set where they’re
really belong. This formed group from one set called
a subset. Know since you’ve already the sets, did you
know that there are operations on sets also? Teacher
Lovell and Teacher Helen will discuss all about these. You’re welcome, Teacher Marie Ruse

Thank you for participating my dear students!

B. Developmental Activities

1. Presentation

Teacher Lovell:

Based on the given game by Teacher Marie

Ruse, you already have the brief knowledge
about the kinds of sets, we will now discuss
further about the topic operation on sets. But (Students confirming that they have seen the
first we must define some terms… slides)

Let me confirm first if everyone is seeing my (Trisha reading the first slide)
shared slides A set is a well-defined collection of objects.

What is set? Trisha please read the first slide

of the Powerpoint Presentation You’re welcome Ma’am.

Thank You, Trisha. (Troy raising his hand)

Since it is a collection of objects, anyone in Troy: Colors ma’am. The set of bright colors.
the class who can give me an example of a (Yellow, Pink, Violet, Orange, Baby Blue, Green)
set?
(Pauline raising his hand)
Yes, Troy, any idea?

Paulin: Flowers ma’am. The set of lovely flowers.

Wow, thank you Troy, anyone who would (Orchids, Daisy, Hibiscus, Sunflowers)
like to share their ideas?

Yes, Pauline?

Very good, Pauline.

There are a lot of sets around us. Sets of odd

numbers. Sets of prime numbers. Sets of
consonant letters. Sets of vowels. Sets of car
brands and many more..

Now, since the definition of set is clear to (Students are listening)

everyone. Let's tackle the fundamentals of
sets.

What are the four fundamentals or basic

operation sets? Any guess? Okay let’s proceed
to the next slide.

There are four fundamentals or basic set Maya: Union set are sets of all elements in the
operations. The Union of sets, Intersection of collection.
sets , Difference of sets, and Complement of
a set You’re welcome Ma’am.

Any prior knowledge about the Union of

Sets?
Yes, Maya?

That is correct, Paulin.

 The union of any two sets A and B is the set
of all elements belonging either to A or to B
or to both. It is denoted by (AUB) which is
read as 'A union B'. The symbol 'U' (cup) is
used to denote the union of sets

(Students are listening)

Example 1 of Union Set:

Set A= {b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l,}

Set B= {a, e, i, o, u}

A U B = {a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,o,u}

Example 2 of Union Set:

Paulin: M U N = {A, E, H, N. R)
Let M be the set of the letters in the word HEAR and
N be the set of the letters in the word NEAR .

What is M U N?
Anyone in the class? Yes, Paulin.

Thank You Paulin.

Marimar: The set containing all elements of A

Now, let’s proceed to the Intersection of sets. that also belong to B or vice versa

Anyone who can share their ideas about

Intersection of sets?

Yes, Marimar?
(Students are listening)

That’s correct, Marimar.

The intersection of any two sets

A and B is the set of all elements
of both A and B. It is the set of
all elements of both A and B. It is
denoted by (A∩B) which is read as
'An intersection B'. The symbol
'∩' (cup) is used to denote the
intersection of sets.
 (Students are listening)

Example no. 1:

What is P ∩ Q ?

Notice the shaded part of the Venn Diagram, that is

the intersection of P and Q.
Therefore, P ∩Q = { 6, 12, 18 }
Langga: P ∩ Q ={ A, E, H, N, Y}

Example no. 2: Let M be the set of the letters in the

word CHANYEOL and N be the set of the letters in
the word TAEHYUNG.

What is the intersection of the two sets?

1. P ∩ Q =

Anyone who can answer this?

Yes, langga? Vince: Union Sets are the elements on either a or
b while the Intersection sets are sets of all
Very good, Langga. elements of both A and B.

I guess everyone in the class understands the Union

and Intersection of Sets. Now, who can differentiate
union set and intersection set?
Joy: Union of Sets is denoted by U or simply like
Yes Vince a big letter U, while Intersection of Sets is
denoted by ∩ or simply like inverted big letter U.
Very good, Vince

Who can describe the symbol of Union Set as well as

the Intersection Set?

Yes, Joy

Thank You, Joy. Nice description.

My part ends here, the next topic will be the

Difference and Complement of a set. Let us all
welcome Teacher Helen.

Teacher Helen:

Let us thanks Teacher Lovell for such an

engaging lesson, everyone. Now, let’s discuss about
the difference of sets and the complement of a set.

DIFFERENCE OF SETS

DEFINITION 1: Difference of A and B.

The difference of A and B denoted by A-B,
is defined as the set whose elements are in A
but not in B.
Maam, I think the answer is A-B={b,c,d}.
For example:

Example 1.1: Suppose there are sets

A = {a, b, c, d, e} and B = {a, e, i,o, u}.

From the definition of the difference of A

and B, can anyone tell me what A-B in
Example 1.1 is? Yes, you have an idea
Simon?

Correct, Simon!

The answer is A-B={b,c,d}. Here is a

representation of the answer.

Since, we are only getting the elements

found in A, we will not be including the Maam, since B - A = {a, b, c, d, e} - {a, e, i, o, u}
elements found in B as well as the common then the answer is B-A={i,o,u}.
elements of A and B. In finding the
difference of A-B. We will only get the
elements of the first set, in this case A. So
A-B is NOT the same with B-A.

Let’s have another example.

Find B – A given the sets in Example 1.1.

Exactly!

In this example, we only got the elements

found in B and not in A and its common
elements. We only got the elements i,o,u.

Here is a representation of the set. Please look

at it carefully because I will let you illustrate
the basic operations later.

Let’s try another example! Do this example

in your notebook.

Example 1.2: Suppose

A = {n, i, c, e, 1,y } and Maam, the answer in A-B is {n,c} and B-
B = {L, i, v, e, l, y }. A={L,v} and the illustration is like this Maam.

Find:
(i) A - B
(ii) B - A
(iii) Illustrate A-B and B-A

Can anyone tell me what is A-B? B-A? Also

can anyone illustrate the two differences?

Maam, our answers in the first item is G-

H={G,O,D} and in H-G={} and it is illustrated
like this, Maam.
Wow, you correctly answered all those
examples and illustrated it well too. I see
that you understood the concept well but
since practice makes perfect, let’s try more
examples!

Example 1.3: How about if

G={G,O,D,M,T,H,E,R}and
H={M,O,T,H,E,R}.

(i) What is G-H?

(ii) What about H-G?
(iii) Illustrate G-H and H-G.

I will give you more examples to try!

Example 1.4: If
A = {Counting numbers between 30 and
40},
B = {Counting numbers between 20 and 50
which are divisible by 4}.
Find:
(i) A - B
(ii) B – A

In this example, the elements of set A are

not given explicitly, meaning you have to
list the elements by the information given
by the problem. In Set A, the elements are
counting numbers between 30 and 40. These
numbers are
A={31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40}. Note
 that we are listing counting numbers
between 30 and 40, we will not be including
the numbers 30 and 40 in set A. Following
this, set B is B={24,28,32,36,40,44,48}.
Since we are listing counting numbers
which are between 20 and 50 that are
divisible by 4, we will not include the
elements 20 and 50.

From this we get:

A={31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39}
B={24,28,32,36,40,44,48}

Find:
(i) A - B = {31,33,34,35,37,38,39}
(ii) B – A ={24,28,40,44,48}

Did you get the same answers? Like the

other problems, we will illustrate A-B and
B-A.

Have you solved word problems before? Try this

word problem about difference of sets!

Example 1.5: In the family of Mrs. Abao, there are

15 people living in the house. She wanted to know
how many of her family members liked the flavor
strawberry or the flavor lemon. Mrs. Abao did a
survey and the following is the result.

(a) How
many
only
liked
the

strawberry flavor?
(b) How many only liked the lemon flavor?
(c) How many liked both?
(d) How many didn’t like any of the two flavors?

This may seem very complicated but really it’s very

simple. In the venn diagram, 6 members of the family
liked the strawberry flavor while 4 people liked the
lemon flavor. There are 3 people who liked both
flavors while there are 2 people who didn’t like any
of the two following. We can get the number of
people who didn’t like any of the flavors by getting
the complement of the set.
(a) S-L= 6
(b) L-S=4
(c) S ∩ L = 3
(d)P1 = 2

Complement of a sets

DEFINITION 2: Complement of A. The complement

of A denoted by A1 is the set of elements found in the
universal set but not found in A.

If 'U' be the universal set and A is its subset, then the

complement to A is the set of all elements that belong
to 'U' but not to A. It can be written as A' or A.

Recall that:

(i) Universal set is a set which consists of all elements

under consideration.
(ii) A subset is a set which contains at least one
element of the given set. A subset can be a proper Maam, since A1=U-A={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} –
subset or an improper subset. {0,2,4,6,8,9} = {1,3,5,7}
For example: This is the illustration, Maam.

Example 2.1: Suppose U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}

A = {a, b, c, d, e}

Then, A1= U - A = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h} - {a, b, c, d,

e} = {f, g, h}

This is the representation of the example.

Maam, since B1 = U-B= {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} –

{1,3,5,7,9} = {0,2,4,6,8}
This is the illustration Maam.

Let’s have another example!

Example 2.2:
Suppose U = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A= {0,2,4,6,8}
Find A1.
 Very good, class! Let’s solve some more.

Example 2.3:
Suppose U = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
B= {1,3,5,7,9}
1
Find B .

Can anyone answer this problem?

You are correct, class! Did everyone get the Students are getting their sheets of paper.
concept of complements? Does anyone have
any questions?

Let us summarize today’s topic. The lesson

is all about the four basic operations on set
which are union of sets, intersection of sets,
difference of sets and complement of sets.
Union of any two sets A and B is the set of all
elements belonging either to A or to B or to
both.
The intersection of any two sets
A and B is the set of all elements
of both A and B.
The difference of A and B is the set whose
elements are in A but not in B.
The complement of A is the set of elements
found in the universal set but not found in
A.

Is there any questions? Violent reactions? If

not, then let us have our exercise which will
be handled by Teacher Romeo.

IV. Evaluation

Teacher Romeo:

Okay class, please get one whole sheet of

paper
Let’s have a seat work.
Activity 1: Draw a Venn diagram that illustrates the
group of a set given and shade it.

U = {3A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 1A, 1B, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

A = {2A, 2, 5, 1A,}
B = {3, 1A, 6, 1, 1B, 2A}
C = {5, 2A, 1, 2B, 4}

1. AC = 6. (B U C )C =
2. AUC= 7. ( C C)C =
3. B ∩C= 8. C – B =
4. (B ∩ C)C = 9. (A U B) ∩ C =
5. A–B= 10. (B - A)C =

Activity 2: Solve the problem

1. In a class of 60 pupils in BS Mathematics

Education 3A, 2O play basketball, 12 play
guitar, 13 play volleyball, 5 play both
volleyball and basketball. Draw a Venn
diagram to represent this information and Students passed their papers.
hence find the number of students who play
either basketball and guitar.

2. In a choir organization, there are 40 members

having a different genre of voice; 8 tenor, 7
soprano, 6 base, 3 falsetto, hence there are 7
tenor and soprano, 3 falsetto and base, 4 tenor
and falsetto, and others are melodist. Create a
Venn diagram represents this.

a) Find the number of members whose neither

both tenor and base
b) Find the number of member who either
“Okay sir. Thank You”
melodist and falsetto
c) Find the number of member except melodist
d) Find the number of member except soprano “Yes, sir”
and tenor

Five minutes is over, please pass your papers

V. Assignment

Group Activity: “Thank you and goodbye teachers. God Bless.”

Directions: Create a group with 10 members and
show how operation of a set is used in a real life
situation. Make it creative.

Criteria and Rubrics:

Creativity - 30%
Teamwork - 10%
Delivery - 40%
Audience Impact - 20%

Present this in our next meeting.

After the presentation, we will have a quiz about the

basic operations of sets. Be ready and study smart.

That’s all for now. Teacher Karen please lead the

closing prayer.

(Teacher Karen will lead the closing prayer.)

Teachers: Goodbye everyone. See you next meeting.