Dela Paz, Jerome Y.

A substation transformer is to serving the following loads :

Classification Total Loads Demand factor
Lighting 300kW 60%
Power 1200kW 80%
Heating 500kW 90%
If the diversity factor among load types is 1.5, determine the maximum
demand on the transformer.
At the end of a power distribution system, a certain feeder supplies three
distribution transformer, each one supplying a group of customers whose
connected loads are as under:
Transformer Load Demand factor Diversity factor
Transformer No. 1 10kW 0.65 1.5
Transformer No. 2 12kW 0.6 3.5
Transformer No. 3 15kW 0.7 1.5
If the diversity factor among the transformer is 1:3; find the maximum
load on the feeder.
A substation is having the following loads:
Type of load Max. demand (kW) Diversity of group Demand factor
Domestic 1500 1.2 0.8
Commercial 2000 1.1 0.9
Industrial 10,000 1.25 1
If the overall system diversity factor is 1.35, determine (i) the
maximum demand and (ii) connected load of each type.
A substation has a maximum demand of 150000 kW. The annual
load factor is 50% and plant capacity factor is 40%. Determine the
reserve capacity of the plant.
A substation supplies the following loads to various consumers:
Industrial consumer = 1500kW; Commercial establishment = 750kW
Domestic power = 100 kW; Domestic light = 450 kW
If the maximum demand on the station is 2500 kW and the
number of kWh generated per year is 45 x 10 5, determine (i) the
diversity factor and (ii) annual load factor.
 A generating station has a maximum demand of 25MW, a
load factor of 60%, a plant capacity factor of 50% and a plant use
factor of 72%. Find (i) the reserve capacity of the plant (ii) the
daily energy produced and (iii) maximum energy that could be
produced daily if the plant while running as per schedule, were
fully loaded.
A substation has to meet the following demand:
Group A : 200 kW between 8am and 6pm
Group B : 100 kW between 6am and 10am
Group C : 50 kW between 6am and 10am
Group D : 100 kW between 10am and 6pm and then between 6pm and 6am
Plot the daily load curve and determine (i) diversity factor (ii) units generated
per day (iii) load factor.
The daily demands of three consumers are given below:
A proposed substation has the following daily load cycle:
Time in hours 6-8 8-11 11-16 16-19 19-22 22-24 24-6
Load in MW 20 40 50 35 70 40 20
Draw the load curve and select suitable generator units from the
10,000, 20,000, 25,000, 30,000 kVA. Prepare the operation schedule for the
machines selected and determine the load factor from the curve.
A generating station is to supply four regions of load whose peak loads
are 10 MW, 5 MW, 8 MW and 7 MW. The diversity factor at the station is
1.5 and the average annual load factor is 60%. Calculate:
(i) the maximum demand on the station (ii) annual energy supplied by the
station. (iii) Suggest the installed capacity and the number of units.
A base load station having a capacity of 18 MW and a standby station
having a capacity of 20 MW share a common load. Find the annual load
factors and plant capacity factors of two power stations from the
following data:
The load duration curve for a typical heavy load being served by a combined
hydro-steam system may be approximated by a straight line; maximum and
minimum loads being 60,000 kW and 20,000 kW respectively. The hydro power
available at the time of minimum regulated glow is just sufficient to take a peak
load of 50,000 kWh per day. It is observed that it will be economical to pump
water from the tail race to the reservoir by utilizing the steam power plant
during the off-peak periods and thus running the station at 100% power factor.
Determine the maximum capacity of each type of plant. Assume the efficiency
of steam conversion to be 60%.
The annual load duration curve for a typical heavy load being served by
a steam station, a run-off-river station and a reservoir hydro-electric
station is as shown in Fig. 3.16. The ratio of number of units supplied by
these stations is as follows:
A substation has a daily load cycle as under: 260 MW for 6 hours ;
200 MW for 8 hours : 160 MW for 4 hours, 100 MW for 6 hours. If
the substation is equipped with 4 sets of 75 MW each, calculate
(i) daily load factor (ii) plant capacity factor and (iii) daily
requirement if the colorific value of oil used were 10,000 kcal/kg
and the average hear rate of station were 2860 kcal/kWh.
A daily load curve which exhibited a 15-minute peak of 3000 kW is
drawn to scale of 1cm = 2hours and 1 cm = 1000 kW. The total area
under the load curve is measured by planimeter and is found to be 12
cm sq.. Calculate the load factor based on 15-min peak.
The daily demands of three consumers are given below:

Next slide
The maximum demand on a substation is 100 MW. If the annual
load factor is 40%, calculate the total energy generated in a year.
A generating station has a connected load of 43 MW and a
maximum demand of 20 MW; the units generated being 61.5 x106
per annum. Calculate (i) the demand factor and (ii) load factor.
A 100 MW substation delivers 100 MW for 2 hours, 50 MW for 6
hours and is shut down for the rest of each day. It is also shut
down for maintenance for 45 days each year. Calculate its annual
load factor.
A generating station has a maximum demand of 25 MW, a load
factor of 60 %, a plant capacity factor of 50 % and a plant use
factor of 72%. Find (i) the reserve capacity of the plant (ii) the
daily energy produced and (iii) maximum energy that could be
produced daily if the plant while running as per schedule, were
fully loaded.
A substation has a maximum demand of 15000 kW. The
annual load factor is 50% and plant capacity factor is
40%. Determine the reserve capacity of the plant.
The annual load duration curve of a certain power station can be
considered as a straight line from 20 MW to 4 MW. To meet this load,
three turbine-generator units, two rated at 10 MW each and one rated
at 5 MW are installed. Determine (i) installed capacity (ii) plant factor (iii)
units generated per annum (iv) load factor and (v) utilization factor.