Ian Coleen Estremera. Activity2 Fans and Blowers - IPE

Ian Coleen D.
Estremera Industrial Plant Engineering

BSME 5A Activity (10/22/2020)
1. Explain the difference between fans, blowers and compressors.
One way of determining the differences between fans, blowers and compressors
is by the method used to move the air and by the system pressure they must
operate against. In simple description, fans are machines operated by a motor
via electricity to move fluid or air, while blowers are also used to move air, it is
done with a moderate pressure or hence its name, used for blowing air or gas.
Compressors on the other hand reduces the volume of gas or liquid by creating a
high pressure.
2. Which fan you would choose for moving large flows against relatively low
pressures?
a) Radial Fan b) Backward Inclined Fan c) Forward Curved Fan d) Axial Fan
c) Forward Curved Fan

Because this type of centrifugal fan operates at lower temperatures, suited for
low tip speed and high-airflow work which makes them best for moving large
volumes of air against relatively low pressures.
3. If efficiency is the main consideration you would select?

b) Backward Inclined Fan

This type of fan can reach their peak power consumption and then power
demands drops off well within their usable airflow range, these types of blades
require lower RPM and lower power to be driven making it more efficient.
4. For heavy dust conditions, which type of fan is ideally suited?

a) Radial Fan
This type of fan is suited for heavy dust conditions because of their high static
pressures, ability to handle heavily contaminated airstreams making the system
less likely to be clogged or abraded by the dust.
5. The system resistance refers to
a) static pressure b) velocity pressure c) total pressure d) differential pressure
a) static pressure
The system resistance is the sum of static pressure losses in the system, it is a
function of the configuration of ducts, pickups, elbows and the pressure drop
across the equipment, since movement of air through a system causes
friction/resistance.
6. System resistance varies as

a) square of flow rate b) cube of flow rate c) directly proportional to square root
of flow rate d) directly with flow rate
a) square of flow rate

The system resistance varies with the square of the flow rate because for a given
volume of air the fan in a system with narrow ducts and multiple short radius
elbows is required to overcome a greater system resistance than in a system
with larger ducts. In simple terms, the system resistance increases as the volume
of air flowing through the system increases.
7. The intersection of system curve with fan operating curve is called

a) design point b) operating point c) selection point d) shut off point
b) operating point
At this point, the fan creates a pressure increase that compensates for the
pressure loss in the system. The operating point also shows the actual flow
through the system. When the operating point changes, the system resistance
also changes.
8. Varying the RPM of a fan by 10% varies the pressure by

a) 19% b) 29% c) 10% d) does not vary
Answer is not in the choices.

There is variation, but the answer is not in the choices because when the RPM is
decreased by 10%, the static pressure is decreased by 19% but if the RPM is
increased by 10%, the static pressure will increase by 21%.
9. Varying the RPM of a fan by 10% varies the flow by
a) 10%
Because the speed and flow of the fan is directly proportional therefore, they will
have the same percentage of variation.
10. Varying the RPM of a fan by 10% varies the power by

Answer is not in the choices.

There is variation, but the answer is not in the choices because when the RPM is
decreased by 10%, the power requirement is decreased by 27% but if the RPM
is increased by 10%, the power requirement will increase by 33%.
11. Explain the factors, which can change the system resistance?
The system resistance is to be calculated first when designing a duct system,

factors to be considered are:
Friction Loss- these are resistance to airflow caused by duct size, roughness of
duct walls and air velocity, as I mentioned before, the system resistance will
increase when there is increase in the volume of air flowing.
Dynamic Loss- this includes the density of the inlet air since it affects both
volume flow rate and the capacity of the fan to develop pressure causing in
change of velocity of air therefore change in fan characteristics.
Pressure Loss- the system consists of components that can disrupt the air flow,
inlet and outlet conditions such as whirls and turbulence created by grills and
dampers can alter fan performance curves provided by the manufacturer.
12. What are affinity laws as applicable to centrifugal fans?
Affinity Laws or Fan Laws expresses the mathematical relationship between the
several variables involved in pump or fan performance, these laws are concerned
with the speed, power and pressure.
These laws are the:
Volume Flow Capacity- where volume flow, wheel velocity and wheel diameter
co-relates in the variation of the fan’s capacity.
Head or Pressure- where the pressure and speed vary with each other
depending on whether there is an increase or decrease.
Power- where the speed and power vary with each other depending on whether
there is an increase or decrease.
13. Explain the method of flow measurements using pitot tube?
For measuring the fan flow of a system, a pitot tube manometer combination is
used by measuring the total pressure using the inner tube of the pitot tube and
the static pressure is determined using the outer tube. By connecting both inner
and outer tubes to a manometer, the result will be the velocity pressure. In other
words, the fluid flow velocity is measure by converting the kinetic energy in a fluid
flow to potential energy.

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Ian Coleen D.

Estremera Industrial Plant Engineering

1. Explain the difference between fans, blowers and compressors.

c) Forward Curved Fan

3. If efficiency is the main consideration you would select?

b) Backward Inclined Fan

4. For heavy dust conditions, which type of fan is ideally suited?

6. System resistance varies as

a) square of flow rate

7. The intersection of system curve with fan operating curve is called

8. Varying the RPM of a fan by 10% varies the pressure by

Answer is not in the choices.

10. Varying the RPM of a fan by 10% varies the power by

Answer is not in the choices.

The system resistance is to be calculated first when designing a duct system,

12. What are affinity laws as applicable to centrifugal fans?

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