ST.

THERESIA GIRLS SEC SCHOOL

FORM FOUR
PHYSICS PACKAGE

CTA
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usc le
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“impossible is not a scientific term”

By; sichonealex6 @gmail.com
SHEMAEZE 1
 QUESTION 01 (Archimedes principle)
• (a) State the Archimedes principle. [01]
• (b) Outline the steps to be followed in
finding relative density of a body using
Archimedes principle. [04]
• (c) When a body is totally immersed in
liquid, its weight is found to be 4.5N. The
weight of liquid displaced is 2.5N. Find;
(i) The weight of a body. [02]
(ii) The volume of a body (Density of liquid is
0.78g/cm3. ). [03]
SHEMAEZE 2
 SOLN; QN 1
• (a) The Archimedes principle states that;
“When a body is partially or totally
immersed in liquid, it experiences an
upthrust which equals to the weight of
liquid displaced” (W ) 1

• (b) (i) Weigh a body in air

(ii) Immerse the body in water and weigh
W
it when it is completely
W W
in water. 2

1 2

(iii) Find the upthrust .

(iv) Calculate relative density using the
W
formula; R .D  1

W W 1 2
SHEMAEZE 3
 QUESTION 02 (Pressure)
(a) State the Pascal’s principle of pressure
transmission. [02]
(b) Using Pascal’s principle of pressure,
Show how Effort, Load and radii of the
pistons of a hydraulic press relate. [05]
(c) A hydraulic press with radii 0.014m and
0.007m in the large and small pistons
respectively is used to raise a 2t car so that
it can be repaired. What effort is needed?
[03]
SHEMAEZE 4
 QUESTION 03 (Newton’s laws)
(a) What is inertia? [02]
(b) What causes inertia? [02]
(c) State the Law of inertia. [02]
(d) Give reasons for the following;
(i) Car seat belts are made to stretch. [02]
(ii) Inertia can kill you. [02]

SHEMAEZE 5
 QUESTION 04 (Newton’s law)
• (a)(i) Define momentum. [01] (ii)State the
principle of conservation of linear
momentum. [02]
• (b) (i) State the Newton’s second law of
motion. [02]
(ii) A resultant force of 12N acts for 5
seconds on a 2kg mass. Determine;
(i) The change in momentum of mass [02]
(ii) What would be the change in
momentum of a 10kg mass under the
same conditions. [03]

SHEMAEZE 6
 QUESTION 05 (conservation of linear momentum)
• (a) Define the term Momentum.
• (b) State the principle of conservation of
linear momentum.
• (c) A 12t truck moving with a velocity of
2m/s hits a 2t car parked along the side of
the road. If the velocity of the truck reduced
by 0.5m/s, determine the velocity of the car
after impact.
• (Ans; Velocity of the car, )
V2  9m / s

SHEMAEZE 7
 QUESTION 06 (Elasticity)
• (a) State Hooke’s law
• (b) A spiral spring of spring constant 70N/
m has a length of 80mm. If a 20N block is
attached on it, determine.
(i) The extension. (Ans;e  28 . 6 cm )
(ii) The length after loading (write the
answer inL cm).
1
 36 .(Ans;
6 cm )

SHEMAEZE 8
 QUESTION 07 (Forces in equilibrium)
(a)State the principle of moment [02]
(b)Mention the two conditions for a body to
be in equilibrium. [03]
(c)A uniform metal tube of length 5m and
mass 9kg is suspended horizontally by two
vertical loops of wire A and B attached at
50cm and 150cm respectively from the
ends of the tube. Find the tension in each
wire. [05]

SHEMAEZE 9
 QUESTION 08 (Light)
(a)What is meant by refraction of light? [01]
(b)Mention the three points to be considered
when drawing a ray diagram to form the
image in lens. [03]
(c)Mention any four effects of refraction of
light. [02]
(d)A container of radius 0.007m is filled with 5
Liters of water. A coin is then dropped to
the bottom. At what depth will the coin look,
if the refractive index of water is ? [04]
4
3
SHEMAEZE 10
 QUESTION 09 (Electricity)
(a) Define the term resistance of a conductor.
[02]
(b) A 6Ω and 4Ω resistors are combined in
parallel and the combination is connected in
series with an 8Ω resistor. When the whole
system is connected to a certain power
supply the potential difference of 3.2V is
indicated by the voltmeter across the 8Ω
resistor.
(i) Draw a circuit diagram to illustrate the
problem. [02]
(ii) Calculate the Current in each resistor. [03]

SHEMAEZE 11
 CONT… QN 09
(c)A water boiler is connected to the 240v
power supply. The boiler contains 150kg of
water initially at a temperature of
0
. If
the resistance of the
20 C
heating coil in the
boiler is 25Ω.
(i) How long will it take for water to boil?
[01.5]
(ii) Determine the electrical energy
consumed. [01.5]

SHEMAEZE 12
QUESTION 10 (Electromagnetic induction)
(a) Define the terms
(i) Self induction [01](ii) Mutual induction.
[01]
(b) State the laws of electromagnetic
induction. [02]
(c) A low voltage outdoor lighting system
uses a transformer to step – down 240v
household voltage to 24v. The lighting
system has 6 lamps with a total
resistance of 9.6Ω.

SHEMAEZE 13
 CONT…QN.10
(i) Sketch the transformer. [03]
(ii) What is the current in the coils of the
transformer? [03]

SHEMAEZE 14
 QUESTION 11 (Mechanics)
(a)Mass and weight of an object were
determined while on the earth and then
when on the moon. Suggest the reason of
variation shown by any one of the two
quantities. [02]
(b)An object was totally immersed in liquid
contained in a vessel.

SHEMAEZE 15
 CONT… QN. 11
– (i) Identify the two opposing forces
acting on the object. [02]
– (ii) Write an equation showing, how the
two forces in (i) above can be used to
find the relative density of object. [01]

SHEMAEZE 16
 CONT... QN. 11
– (iii) State how the forces should be to
make an object float? [01]
(c) A solid of mass 85g was totally
immersed in 30cm3 of water in a
measuring cylinder. The level of water
3
rose to 55cm mark. Find;
(i) The density of object. [02]
(ii) The apparent weight of object while
under water. [02]
SHEMAEZE 17
 QUESTION 12 (Heat)
(a) Differentiate
(i)Heat from temperature (give 3 points)[03]
(ii)Latent heat of fusion from heat capacity.
[01]
(b) Briefly explain the following;
(i) When cold bottle is brought into a
warm room, it becomes misted over.
[01]
(ii) Burns produced by steam at are
more severe than those produced by
SHEMAEZE 18
 CONT…QN. 12
• (c) (i) What is thermal equilibrium? [01]
(ii) Determine the final temperature
when
80 C water at
0
is mixed with cold water
of the same mass whose temperature is
and well stirred. [03]

SHEMAEZE 19
 QUESTION 13 -TAHISCO (qn 10) 2015 (WAVE)
• (a) Define
(i) Amplitude
(ii) Periodic time.
• (b) In a closed pipe, the first resonance is at
23cm and second at 73cm. Determine the
wavelength of sound and the End correction.
• Answer; Wavelength , End
correction,
  100 cm  1m
c  2 cm

SHEMAEZE 20
QUESTION 14 (NECTA 2014Sc; (qn 5)WAVE)
• (a) What is meant by the following terms?
(i) Resonance (ii) Overtones
• (b) Briefly explain the following:
(i) The fundamental frequency may alter
during the day
(ii) Notes of the same pitch played on
violin and a flute sound different.

SHEMAEZE 21
 CONT… QN.14
• (c) The frequency obtained from a plucked
string is 400Hz when the tension is 2N.
Calculate;
(i) The frequency when tension is 8N
Answer; f 2  800 Hz
(ii) The tension needed to produce a note
of
frequency 600Hz.
Answer; T  0 . 89 N
2

SHEMAEZE 22
 QUESTION 15 (OHONGS 2016; qn 11. MECHANICS)

(a) State Archimedes principle. [01]

(b) A block of metal has got density of
2700kg/m3 and volume 0.04m3.
Calculate;
(i) The mass of the block. [02]
(ii) The apparent weight when the block is
immersed in Liquid of density 1200kg/m3
[02]

SHEMAEZE 23
 CONT… QN.15
(c) (i)Mention the conditions for a body to
float [02]
(ii) An alloy of copper and tin has density
7.62g/cm3. and volume 100cm3 . The
densities of copper and tin are 8.9g/cm3
and 7.3g/cm3 respectively. What mass of
each metal are there in the alloy? [03]

SHEMAEZE 24
 QUESTION 16 (PRESSURE)
• (a) What is pressure? [01]
• (b) Briefly explain the following;
(i) Tractor tires are made wide. [01]
(ii) Tracks are made to have many tires.
[01]
(iii) It is painful walking in bare foots on
road covered with pebbles. [01]

SHEMAEZE 25
 CONT…QN. 16
• (c) (i) Mention the two phenomena which
shows that air exert pressure. [02]
(ii) A tube has flat rectangular end which
measures o.4m by 0.3m. Calculate the
thrust exerted on the tube by the
atmosphere if the atmospheric pressure is
101000N/m2. [04]

SHEMAEZE 26
 QUESTION 17 (ELECTROMAGNETISM)
(a)Suggest the ways to increase the
sensitivity of a galvanometer. [04]
(b)Mention the uses of a moving coil
galvanometer. [02]
(c)A galvanometer of internal resistance
100Ω gives a full scale deflection (f.s.d) for
a current of 10mA. Calculate the value of
resistances necessary to convert the
galvanometer to;
(i) A voltmeter reading 5V. [02]
(ii) An ammeter reading a maximum of 10A.
[02]

SHEMAEZE 27
QUESTION 18 (NECTA 2014Pc) PRESSURE

(a) (i) What is atmospheric pressure? [01]

(ii) Mention three devices that make use
of
atmospheric pressure in daily life. [01.5]
(b) Briefly explain the function of each of the
following features of a lift pump:
(i) The intake valve. [02]
(ii) The transfer valve. [02]
• .
SHEMAEZE 28
 CONT… QN.18
• (c) (i) What is a bicycle pump? [0.5]
(ii) List the main parts of a bicycle pump.
[01]
(iii) Briefly explain how does a bicycle
pump works [02]

SHEMAEZE 29
 QUESTION 19 (NECTA 2014Pc) ENERGY

(a) (i) What is tidal energy? [01]

(ii) Mention three renewable sources of energy.
[01.5]
(b) (i) State the energy conversion in a solar cell
and give two practical uses of it. [02.5]
(ii) Why solar cells are not likely to be used to
generate electricity in the near future?
[02]
(c) (i) What is meant by green house effect? [01]
(ii) List down four main greenhouse gases. [02]

SHEMAEZE 30
 QUESTION 20 (NECTA 2014Pc) HEAT

• (a) (i) What is meant by specific latent

heat of vaporization. [01]
(ii) Name two factors which affect the
boiling point and freezing point of water.
[02]
• (b) Explain in terms of kinetic theory of
matter;
(i) What changes is taking place while
the liquid is boiling? [01.5]
(ii) Why it takes longer time to boil a tea
SHEMAEZE 31
 CONT… QN.20
• (c) (i) Define heat capacity.-· [01]
(ii) Calculate the final temperature of
water formed if 8.4 KJ of heat is supplied
to 0.02 kg of ice at 0 °C. [03]

SHEMAEZE 32
 QUESTION 21 (NECTA
2014Pc)MECHANICS
(a) (i) Define the term up thrust. [01]
(ii) List down two conditions that make
an object float. [02]
(b) (i) What is meant by capillary action?
[01]
(ii) Briefly explain three applications of
capillarity in real life. [02]

SHEMAEZE 33
 CONT… QN.21
(c) A cube of wood of side 4cm and a
density of 500 kg m-3 is placed on the
surface of water.
(i) What fraction of wood would be
immersed in water? [02]
(ii) Calculate the force a 'plied to the cube
that makes the top surface of the cube be
on the same level as t e water surface. [02]

SHEMAEZE 34
 QUESTION 22 (NECTA 2014Sc)VECTORS
(a) State the parallelogram law of forces. [01]
(b)(i) Distinguish between absolute velocity
and relative velocity. [02]
(ii) Wind is blowing 30° west of north at 20
km/hour. A bird is flying in the wind and its
velocity relative to the ground is 90 km/
hour at 75° west of north. Calculate the
velocity and direction of the bird. [03]

SHEMAEZE 35
 CONT… QN.22
(c) (i) Define the coefficient of dynamic
friction. [01]
(ii) A body of mass 40 kg is placed in a
straight track sloping at an angle of 45° to
the horizontal. If the body is held from
slipping by friction, calculate the normal
reaction and the force of friction. [03]

SHEMAEZE 36
 QUESTION 23 ( TAHISCO2015)ELECTRONICS
(a)List down the applications of transistors.
[02]
(b)Draw a circuit diagram to show half wave
and full wave rectifications. [04]
(c)Explain the difference between
conductors, semiconductors, and
insulators using the energy band concept.
[04]

SHEMAEZE 37
 QUESTION 24 ( TAHISCO 2015)HEAT
• (a) Define the following terms;
(i) Evaporation [01] (ii)Temperature.
[01]
• (b) Give four differences between boiling
and evaporation. [04]
• (c) An immersion heater rated 2kW is used
to heat water of specific heat capacity
2200j/kgK in an insulated container of
negligible heat capacity for 30minutes.
Calculate the mass of water heated if the
temperature of water rises from 20°C to
65°C. [04]
SHEMAEZE 38
 QUESTION 25 ( QN 9 )
TAHOSSA DSM 2010 WAVE

• (a) (i) In longitudinal waves, the particles

vibrate to and fro forming region of
compressions and rarefactions. Explain the
terms compressions and rarefactions. [02]
(ii) State the principle of superposition. [01]
• (b) (i) State two differences between
Mechanical waves and Electromagnetic
waves. [02] (ii) Calculate the wavelength of
green light of frequency
5 . 0  10 Hz
14
[02]

SHEMAEZE 39
 CONT… QN.25
• (c) A stretched string has a fundamental
frequency of 600Hz. Determine the new
frequency if the tension is doubled and its
length is halved. [03]

SHEMAEZE 40
QUESTION 25 ( QN 10TAHOSSA )
DSM 2010 LIGHT

• (a)(i) State two conditions for total internal

reflection to occur.
• (ii) The refractive index of optical cable
glass is 1.5. Determine the maximum
angle that a light can make with the walls
of the cable so that it is just internally
reflected.

SHEMAEZE 41
 CONT… QN.25
• (b) In an experiment to determine the
refractive index of a certain liquid the
following results were obtained;

Real 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0

Depth
App 2.4 3.6 4.7 6.1 7.2 8.3 9.6
Depth

• (i) Plot the graph of Real depth against

Apparent depth
• (ii) Determine the refractive index.
SHEMAEZE 42
 QUESTION 26 ( OHONGSS 2015)
• (a) What is meant by the following terms;
(i) Centre of gravity
(ii) Unstable equilibrium.
• (b) State two conditions for stability of an
object.
• (c) A block and tackle system consisting of 5
pulleys is used to rise a load of 400N through a
height of 10m. if the energy lost as heat energy
on overcoming friction is 100j, calculate;
(i) The work input the system.
(ii) The efficiency of the system.
SHEMAEZE 43
 QUESTION 27 (LIGHT) {QUIZ, 18TH MAY}
(a) (i) What is spectrum of white light? [01
mark]
(ii) With the aid of diagram, briefly explain
the meaning of dispersion of white light. [02
marks]
(iii)Briefly explain, why danger signs as
well as brake lamps of motor vehicles are
painted red? [o1 mark]
 (b) Mention the three differences between
real and
virtual image. [03 marks]
SHEMAEZE 44
 QUESTION 28 (RADIOACTIVITY)
• (a) (i) With the aid of diagram differentiate
alpha particles, Beta particles and gamma
rays according to their penetration power.
(ii)What is the effect of alpha decay to a
radioactive element?
• (b) (i) mention the two main applications
of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
(ii)State ways which X-rays differ from
visible light.
•
SHEMAEZE 45
 CONT… QN. 28
• (c) A particular radioactive source has a
half life of 2 hours. A sample gives a
count of 2400 per second at 11:00am.
When will the counts have dropped to
approximately 300 per second in the same
counting system?

SHEMAEZE 46
 QUESTION 29 (LIGHT)NECTA 1999
• (a) (i) Define refractive index of a material.
(ii) Explain how the reflective index is
related to the velocities in two different
adjacent media when refraction of light
occurs between them. Hence deduce the
relation between refractive index and the
wavelengths in the two media.
• (b) If the speed of light in air is 8
and the wavelength, λ of yellow3  10 light
m / sin air
is 
5 . 89  10 m
7

Calculate:
SHEMAEZE 47
 CONT….QUESTION 29
(i) The speed, Cs, of yellow light in sulphur
of refractive index 1.96.
(ii) The wavelength, λs, of yellow light in
sulphur of refractive index 1.96.
• (c) What causes light to refract when it
passes through two adjacent media of
different densities (refractive indices)?

SHEMAEZE 48
 QUESTION 30 ( ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION )NECTA 1999

• (a) (i) Give an account, with diagram, of

the structure of a step-down transformer.
(ii) Why is the iron core made of
laminations instead of being in one solid
piece?
• (b) A transformer is used on the 240V a.c
supply to deliver 8A at 90 Volts to a
heating coil calculate.
(i) The current in the primary winding
(ii) The power in the secondary
windings. SHEMAEZE 49
 CONT… QN.30
• (c) If the primary current is used to light
25 12V,24W ray lamps what is the
efficiency of the transformer?

SHEMAEZE 50
 QUESTION 31 (WAVE)NECTA 2000
• (a) Define Echo.
• (b) Name any two factors that affect the
speed of sound in air.
• (c) Explain briefly why sound produced in
a hall with many people is heard more
clearly than when the hall has few people.
• (d) A person standing 99m from the foot
of mountain claps his hand and hears an
echo 0.6 second later. Calculate the speed
of sound in air.
SHEMAEZE 51
 QUESTION 32 (quiz,25th may)
(a) Define the terms;
(i) e.m.f of a cell. [01 mark]
(ii) Internal resistance of a cell. [01 mark]
(b) A cell connected in series with a 2Ω resistor
gives a current of 0.25A. When a second 2Ω
resistor is connected in parallel with the first, the
current becomes 0.3A. Calculate;
(i) e.m.f of a cell [02.5 marks]
(ii) Internal resistance of a cell. [02.5 marks]
(c) Mention the three Disadvantages of a Le-
clanche cell over lead acid accumulator. [03
marks]
SHEMAEZE 52
 QUESTION 33 (FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM)
(a) (i) Define centre of gravity
(ii) Explain why racing cars should have
wide wheel tracks
• (b) State conditions for stable, unstable
and neutral equilibrium and give one
example of each condition
• (c) (i) Why should a mechanic choose a
long spanner to undo a tight nut?

SHEMAEZE 53
 CONT… QN.33
• (c)(ii) A uniform half –meter rule is
pivoted at its 30 cm mark. A mass of 50 g
hung at the 45 cm mark keeps the rule
horizontal. Determine the mass of the half
meter rule.

SHEMAEZE 54
QUESTION 34 (EXPANSION OF GASES)
• (a) (i) Explain the pressure of a gas in
terms of the kinetic theory of gases.
(ii) How is diffusion explained by the
kinetic theory of gases?
• (b) (i) State Charles’s Law
(ii) Sketch the graph of volume against
temperature for a perfect gas

SHEMAEZE 55
 CONT… QN.34
• c) (i) What is the absolute zero of
temperature?
(ii) 150 cm3 of dry gas at 30°C was
heated until its volume became 450cm3.
What was the final temperature?

SHEMAEZE 56
QUESTION 35 (REFRACTION BY LENS)
• (a ) (i) Name, draw and mention one use of
the three different types of diverging lenses?
• (b) Where should an object be placed such
that its image as formed by a converging
lens will be;
(i) at infinity (ii) of the same size (iii) erect?
• (c) A nail 6.0 cm long is placed 15 cm away
from a convex lens of focal length 10.0 cm.
The nail is stuck perpendicular to the
optical axis of the lens. Determine the
positions and height of the nail.

SHEMAEZE 57
 QUESTION 36 (RADIOACTIVITY)
• (a) Define the terms
(i) half life
(ii) atomic number
• (b) Name the three fundamental particles
of which atoms of an element are
composed. How are these particles
distributed in the atom of an element
whose atomic number is 3 and mass
number7?
SHEMAEZE 58
 CONT… QN.36
• (c) A radioactive nucleus is denoted by the
symbol
226
X
88
. Write down the compositions of the
nucleus at the end of the following stages
of disintegration
(i) emission of an alpha (∝) particle
(ii) further emission of beta (β) particle
(iii) further emission of a gamma radiation

SHEMAEZE 59
 QUESTION 37 (NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION)
(a) Define the following terms;
(i) Acceleration
(ii) Retardation
(iii)Power
(iv)Newton

(b) State the Newton’s laws of motion.

SHEMAEZE 60
 CONT… QN.37
(c) A 50g mass is placed on straight track
slopping
at45an angle
0
to the
horizontal as shown bellow. Calculate (i)
The acceleration of the load as it slides
down the slope. (ii) The distance moves
from rest in 0.2 seconds.


SHEMAEZE 61
 QUESTION 38 (NEWTON’S LAWS)
• (a) State the principle of conservation of
linear momentum.
• (b) Two cars of the same mass collide head
on and become tangled so that they move
together. If the engines of both cars were
stopped at the moment of impact and the
speeds of cars were 120m/s and 200m/s.
Find the joint velocity immediately after
collision.
• (c) Draw a block and tackle system with a
velocity ratio 4.
SHEMAEZE 62
 QUESTION 39 (ELECTROSTATIC)
• (a) Define capacitance of a capacitor.
• (b) A capacitor labeled with a capacitance
of value of is charged to a potential
470 F
difference of 10V. Calculate the charge
stored by the capacitor.
• (c) After a long flight a plane may be
charged.
(i) What causes the charge.
(ii) Why an attendant who will immediately
opens the door from outside after the
landing of plane is at risk?
SHEMAEZE 63
 QUESTION 40 (RADIOACTIVITY)
• (a) (i) Give two (2) properties that distinguish
better particles and gamma rays.
(ii) Differentiate between X-rays and white
light.
(b) (i) What do you understand by the term
“Half life” of a radioactive substance.
(ii) A radioactive element has a half life of
1600years. What will the fraction of its origin
mass which has decayed after 6400 years be?
(c) Find the value of a, b, c and d in the
following equation.
213 (i)
Po  Pb  A
209 a
209
Pb
82
 c
d
Bi(ii)
 e
0
1
84 82 b

SHEMAEZE 64
 QUESTION 41 (MAGNETISM)
• (a) State what do you understand by the
following expressions:
(i) Magnetic field. (ii) Magnetic lines of
force.

• (b) Sketch the lines of force between two

(2) bars of magnet placed on a horizontal
table with;
(i) their N-poles facing each other.
(ii) the N-pole of one facing the S-pole of
the other.
SHEMAEZE 65
 CONT… QN.41
• (c) Explain why:
(i) the strength of a magnet cannot be
increased beyond a certain limit.
(ii) an increase in temperature weakens
or destroys the magnetism of a magnet.

SHEMAEZE 66
 QUESTION 42 (ELECTRICITY)
• (a) (i) State Ohm's law.
(ii) State two (2) types of electric circuits.
• (b) You have been provided with the
resistors of 5 Ω, 10 Ω and 20 Ω. What are
the
maximum and minimum resistances
obtained by connecting those resistors?
• (c) Study the circuit below and then answer
the questions that follow.

SHEMAEZE 67
CONT… QN 42

SHEMAEZE 68
 CONT… QN 42
• Calculate the current passing through the
circuit when:
(i) switch K1 is closed.
(ii) switches K1 and K2 are both closed.
(iii) switch K1 is open and K2 is closed.

SHEMAEZE 69
 QUESTION 43 (MAGNETISM)
• (a) (i) Why an attraction is not a sure test
for polarity of a magnet.
(ii) Magnets are classified into three
major types, Mention them.
(b) Explain why;
(i) The human hair stand up on the head.
(ii) When a person walking over a carpet
in socks reaches for a doorknob suffers
from sudden shock.
SHEMAEZE 70
 CONT… QN 43
• (c) When a glass rod is rubbed with silk,
what will be the charge for
(i) The glass rod?
(ii) The silk?

SHEMAEZE 71
 QUESTION 44 (MECHANICS)
• (a) State: (i) The principle of moments.
(ii) Pascal's principle of pressure.
(iii) Two (2) devices which apply
Pascal's principle.
• (b) A hydraulic press has a large circular
piston of radius 0.8 m and a circular
plunger of radius 0.1 m. A force of 200 N
is exerted by a plunger.

SHEMAEZE 72
 CONT… QN 44
(i) Find the force exerted on the piston.
(ii)State one (1) reason why the weight of
the load just raised by the piston is much
less than the force exerted on the piston.
(iii) If the plunger is moved through a
distance of 0.64 m in exerting its force,
through what distance is the piston raised?
• (c) A 2.0 N weight placed on a 10 cm mark
of a metre rule just balances an object
hanging from the 60 cm mark. Calculate
the weight of the object.
SHEMAEZE 73
 QUESTION 45 (LIGHT)
(a) (i) Briefly Explain the term refraction.
(ii) State necessary conditions for total
internal reflection.
(iii) Why an object appear coloured when
light falls on it?
(b) (i) What is meant by the term
complementary colours?
(ii) Explain why the result of mixing blue
and yellow paints is very different from
that of mixing blue and yellow light?
SHEMAEZE 74
 CONT… QN. 45
(c) A screen is placed 80cm from an object.
A lens is used to produce on the screen an
image with magnification 3. calculate;
(i) Distance between the object and the lens
(ii) The focal length of the lens.

SHEMAEZE 75
 QUESTION 46 (ELECTROMAGNETISM)
• (a) With the aid of diagram, briefly explain
the mode of action of an induction coil.
• (c) Give the applications of an induction
coil.
• (c) State the factors which determine the
magnitude of the induced e.m.f in
electromagnetic induction.

SHEMAEZE 76
 QUESTION 47 (ELECTROMAGNETISM)
• (a) Define;
(i) Convectional current.
(ii) Solenoid.
(b) State
(i) Right hand grip rule for straight wire.
(ii) Right hand grip rule for a solenoid.
(iii) Cork rule.
(c) Give any four difference between Electric
fields and Magnetic fields
SHEMAEZE 77
 QUESTION 48 (ELECTROMAGNETISM)
• (a) State the Fleming’s left hand rule.
• (b) With the aid of diagram, explain the
forces acting between two conductors
carrying current if the current flows;
(i) in opposite direction.
(ii) In the same direction.
• (c) Briefly explain the mode of action of
electric motor.
SHEMAEZE 78
 QUESTION 49 (THERMIONIC EMISSION)
• (a) Define;
(i) Thermionic emission
(ii) Cathode rays.
(b) Mention the properties of cathode rays.
(c) (i) Draw the CRT and show the three
main
parts.
(ii) Give the applications of CRT
SHEMAEZE 79
 QUESTION 50 (MECHANICS)
• (a) (i) “The relative density of brass is 8.5”.
Explain the meaning of this statement.
(ii) Find the mass of 500cm3 of brass if
the density of water is 1 g/cm3

• (b) A cup made of an alloy of gold and silver

has a volume of 60 cm3 and a mass of 1050
g. Find the mass of gold contained in the cup.
• Density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3
• Density of silver = 10.5 g/cm3

SHEMAEZE 80
 QUESTION 51 (ELECTRICITY)
• (a) Many high buildings are protected from
lightning by lightning conductor.
(i) Give the meaning of lightning
conductor.

(ii) Why does the lightning conductor

have a sharp pointed top?

SHEMAEZE 81
 CONT… QN.51
• (b) (i) Give four (4) examples of
household appliances that are based on
the heating effect of current.
(ii) The resistance of a wire of length L
is4 ohms. Calculate the new resistance of
the wire when its length is doubled and its
volume unaltered.

SHEMAEZE 82
 QUESTION 52 (ELECTRONICS)
• (a) With the aid of diagram, briefly explain
the term “Fermi level”
• (b) Briefly explain the two categories of an
extrinsic semiconductor.
• (c) Mention the types of diodes.
• (d) Give the uses of light emitting diode
(LED)

SHEMAEZE 83
 QUESTION 53 (GEOPHYSICS)
• (a) Mention the layers of atmosphere and
give the importance of each.
• (b) Which layer consist maximum ozone.
• (c) (i) What is green house effect.
(ii) Mention the green house gases and
their sources.
(d) Suggest the solutions to the problem of
global warming.

SHEMAEZE 84
 QUESTION 54 (LIGHT)
• (a) (i) With the aid of diagram, briefly explain
the dispersion of white light.
(ii) Briefly explain, why danger signs as well
as brake lamps of motor vehicles are painted
red.
• (b) Show that the angle of deviation when light
is refracted by triangular prism is given by;
D  (  1) A
Where; ƞ – is refractive index.
A – is angle of prism.
SHEMAEZE 85
QUESTION 55 (HEATING EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT)
• (a) Define the terms;
(i)Kilowatt-hour
(ii) Watt.
• (b) A 240V washing machine has a motor
rated at 250W and a heating element at
3kW. Find the annual cost for electricity of
running it for 1.5 hours per week assuming
that during this time the motor is on all the
time and the heater element only two third
of the time. (Electricity costs 5Sh per kW)

SHEMAEZE 86
 QUESTION 56 (NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION)
• (a) Using Newton’s second law of motion,
state two quantities which vary with net
force applied on a body.
• (b) Write an equation obtained by
combining the force and the two
quantities you have mentioned.

SHEMAEZE 87
 CONT… QN.56
• (c) Evaluate the proportionality constant if
your equation is used to define the unit of
force, the Newton, while taking a unit of
each variable in your equation.
• (d) A certain force gives a mass m1 an
acceleration of 12.0m/s2. What
acceleration will the same force give two
similar masses when they are joined
together?
SHEMAEZE 88
 QUESTION 57 (ELECTROMAGNETISM)
• (a) Draw and show the essential features
of a moving coil galvanometer.
• (b) Briefly explain why a moving coil
galvanometer does not show deflection
when connected to the circuit in which the
a.c is flowing?

SHEMAEZE 89
QUESTION 58 (ELECTROMAGNETISM)
• (a) What is couple?
• (b) Briefly explain how current in the moving
coil galvanometer can cause couple?
• (c)What is the effect of the couple caused
by the current in the moving coil
galvanometer? (d) Give two reasons why in
a good – quality moving coil ammeter the
deflection is proportional to current?

SHEMAEZE 90
 QUESTION 59 (WAVES-OHONGSS 2015)
• (a) (i) What happens when water waves
travel from a deep part to a shallow part?
 
(ii)Define the term interference as used
in waves.
 
• (b) State two conditions for constructive
interference to occur.
SHEMAEZE 91
 CONT… 59
• (c) A man stands on flat ground some
distance from a tall vertical cliff and fires a
gun. The report comes 1.9 seconds later.
He then walks 200 meters further from the
cliff and fires again. The report comes 3.1
seconds later. Calculate the speed of
sound and find how far he was originally
from the cliff.

SHEMAEZE 92
 QUESTION 60 (NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION)
• (a) What is momentum?
• (b) Give and explain the two conditions for
a moving body to have large momentum.
• (c) An arrow of mass 100g is shot into a
block of wood of mass 400g lying at rest on
the smooth surface of an ice rink. If at the
moment of impact the arrow is travelling at
15m/s, calculate the common velocity after
the impact.

SHEMAEZE 93
 QUESTION 61 (ASTRONOMY + GEOPHYSICS)
• (a) State the three defining features of
planets.
• (b) (i) Distinguish between gravitational
force and gravity.
(ii) Under what condition a force becomes
weight?
• (c) (i) What is global warming?
(ii) Outline the greenhouse effect
consequences to our environment.

SHEMAEZE 94
QUESTION 62 (ASTRONOMY + GEOPHYSICS)
(a) Define the terms;
(i) Galaxy
(ii) Constellation
(iii) Milky way.
(b) Give four distinctive features of Jovian
planets.
(c) (i) What is Tsunami?
(ii) Mention any five signs observed before
the occurrence of earthquake.

SHEMAEZE 95
 QUESTION 63 (ASTRONOMY + GEOPHYSICS)

• (a) (i)Define centripetal force.

(ii) State the Newton’s law of universal
gravitation.
• (b) (i) What is ocean tides.
(ii) What causes ocean tides.
(c) Briefly explain any four hazards
associated with Earthquake.

SHEMAEZE 96
 QUESTION 64 (LIGHT)
• (a) Define the terms;
(i) Real image (ii) Virtual image
• (b) A concave spherical mirror of radius of
curvature 20cm forms an erect image 30cm
from the mirror and 5cm high. Find the
position and size of the object and show
with a scale diagram how the image is
formed.
• (c) state the characteristics of the image in
(b) above.

SHEMAEZE 97
 QUESTION 65 (MECHANICS) F4-QUIZ
• (a) With reasons, list down two factors that
can vary density of water.
• (b) (i) State the law of flotation.
(ii) A piece of wood floats in pure water
with
3 of its volume submerged. If the same
4 piece of wood is thrown into the sea
whose salty water has relative density
of
1.025, what fraction of its volume would
be submerged in the salty water?
(c) Mention the conditions for a body to sink in
liquid.
SHEMAEZE 98
 QUESTION 66 (WAVES)
• (a) Explain the basic differences between
(i) Mechanical waves and electromagnetic
waves. (ii) Longitudinal waves and
transverse waves.
• (b) Name two examples of waves that fall
into each of the following categories;
(i) Transverse waves. (ii) Mechanical
waves.
(iii) Electromagnetic waves
(iv) Longitudinal waves.
SHEMAEZE 99
 CONT… QN.66
© The standing waves that form in some
cavity include the fundamental, some
overtones and some harmonics. Give the
relationship between; n
th

(i) Fundamental frequency and the

harmonic frequency. th
n
(ii) The fundamental frequency and the
overtone frequency.

SHEMAEZE 100
 QUESTION 67 (ELECTROMAGNETISM)
• (a) What is the main difference between
the bicycle dynamo and dc dynamo?

• (b) Briefly explain what happens when a

bar magnet is freely suspended from its
centre of gravity.

SHEMAEZE 101
 CONT… QN.67
• (c) A transformer with 2400 turns in the
primary coil has to be used to download
240 volts to 12 volts to run electric train
toy. If the current flowing in the primary
coil is 1.50mA, calculate;
(i) Number of turns in the secondary coil.
(ii) Current flowing in the secondary coil.

SHEMAEZE 102
 QUESTION 68 (THERMIONIC EMISSION)
• (a) (i)Distinguish between cathode rays
and X-rays (ii)Draw and label the X-ray gas
filled tube, and briefly explain how you can
control the tube to get hard and soft X-rays.
• (b) Calculate the frequency corresponding
to X-rays of wavelength
6 . 9  10
11 
m

(c) Explain why people are advised against

exposing themselves to X-rays unless it is
absolutely unavoidable.

SHEMAEZE 103
 QUESTION 69 (RADIOACTIVITY)
• (a) (i) What is the difference between
fusion and fission. Give an example of
each. (ii) List down two results and three
conclusions drawn from the Rutherford
scattering
226
88
Ra  X experiment.
 Rn
222
86

• (b) (i) what is the atomic

number of the particle emitted (ii) Name
the particle.

SHEMAEZE 104
 CONT… QN.69
• (c) Explain the terms;
• (i) Radioactive decay.
• (ii) Half life of a radioactive substance.
• (d) A 32g sample of radioactive substance
was reduced to 2g in 96days. What is the
half life of the sample. How much will
remain after another 96 days.

SHEMAEZE 105
 QUESTION 70 (LIGHT)
• (a) (i) Explain what happens when a white
light is incident on triangular glass prism.
(ii) Calculate the angle of refraction in the
glass if light is incident in air at on a
plane glass surface of refractive
0
40 index 1.52.
(b) Derive the equation; by using
the mirror formula, where m  1 m-is
u (
magnification of the image. m
)f

SHEMAEZE 106
 CONT… QN.70
• (c) A concave mirror has focal length
20cm. How far from the mirror must an
object be placed to produce an image that
is;
• (i) Twice the size of object.
• (ii) Half the size of an object.

SHEMAEZE 107
 QUESTION 71 (ELECTROMAGNETISM)
(a) (i)What do you understand by the term
Galvanometer?
(ii) Briefly explain the ways on how you
can make a highly sensitive galvanometer.
(b) Explain how a galvanometer can be
modified to measure
(i) Amperes. (ii) Volts.
(c) Name the two types of transformers.

SHEMAEZE 108
 CONT… QN 71
(d) A 250v main transformer has 1000 turns
in the primary coil and it is used to supply
energy to a 15v, 35w domestic refrigerator.
(i) How many turns are there in the
secondary coil?
(ii) Name the transformer.
(iii) What is the efficiency of the transformer
if the input current is 17.5mA?

SHEMAEZE 109
 QUESTION 72 (HEAT)
• (a) Differentiate between Heat and
Temperature.
• (b) Give reasons, why mercury is preferred
as a best thermometric liquid?
• (c) (i) The specific heat capacity of a
certain substance 0 is
800 J / kg c
what does
this statement mean? (ii) Calculate the
specific heat capacity of mercury if 980J of
heat is required to raise the temperature of
7g of mercury from to 0
0 C.
0
100 C

SHEMAEZE 110
 QUESTION 73 (MECHANICS)
• (a) Define the following and state the SI-units
of each; (i) Momentum (ii) Impulse

• (b) A volleyball X of mass 300g is moving on

the ground at a speed of 4m/s towards
football Y which is at rest on the ground and
has a mass of 800g. When X collides with Y,
the balls remains in contact for 0.2sec. After
the collision, Y moves with a velocity of
108m/min in the opposite direction with X.

SHEMAEZE 111
 CONT… QN.73
(i) Find The velocity of X after collision.
(ii) Find The average force of X and Y during
the collision.
(iii) state the relationship between the total
kinetic energy of the system before and
after collision.

SHEMAEZE 112
 QUESTION 74 (HEAT)
• (a) Mention three differences between
boiling and evaporation.
• (b) Briefly explain reasons for the
following:
(i) When a cold bottle is brought into a
warm room, it becomes misted over
(ii) Frost is more likely to occur on a clear
night than on a cloudy night.

SHEMAEZE 113
 CONT… QN. 74
• (c) (i) Define coefficient of linear
expansion and give its SI unit.
(ii) A metal pipe which is 1 m long at
40°C increases in length by 0.3% when
carrying a steam at 100°C. Find the
coefficient of expansion of the metal.

SHEMAEZE 114
 QUESTION 75 (MECHANICS)
• (a) (i) What is meant by impulse of a force?
(ii) Briefly explain why seat-belts are
designed to stretch in a collision.

• (b) (i) Define momentum.

(ii) The cork of a bottle of mass 4 g is
ejected with a velocity of 10 m/s in 0.1
second. Find the force exerted on the
bottle.

SHEMAEZE 115
 CONT… QN.75
• (c) A car of mass 2000 kg is travelling
along a straight road at a constant velocity
of 10 m/s developing 3.0 kilowatts. If the
engine of the car is switched off:
(i) Calculate the energy lost by the car in
coming to rest
(ii) Briefly explain the energy changes in
the process stated in (c) above.

SHEMAEZE 116
 QUESTION 76 (LIGHT)
• (a) (i) State the laws of reflection of light.
(ii) Give two examples which illustrate
that light travels in a straight line.
• (b) Explain the reason for the following:
(i) Light and heat from the sun disappear
during the total eclipse of the sun.
(ii) Radio telescope uses a parabolic
metal reflector.
SHEMAEZE 117
 CONT… QN.76
• (c) (i) Draw a diagram to show how a right-
angled isosceles glass prism can be used
to turn a ray of light through 90°.
(ii) What is an advantage of using a
prism rather than a silvered mirror for the
purpose in (c) (i) above?

SHEMAEZE 118
 QUESTION 77 (HEAT)
• (a) (i) What is meant by specific latent heat
of vaporization.
(ii) Name two factors which affect the
boiling point and freezing point of water.
• (b) Explain in terms of kinetic theory of
matter;
(i) What changes is taking place while the
liquid is boiling?
(ii) Why it takes longer time to boil a tea
on top of high mountains than at the sea
level?

SHEMAEZE 119
 CONT… QN.77
• (c) (i) Define heat capacity.
(ii) Calculate the final temperature of
water formed if 8.4 kJ of heat is supplied
to 0.02 kg of ice at 0 °C.

SHEMAEZE 120
 QUESTION 78 (GEOPHYSICS)
• (a) Define the term Earthquake.
• (b) Briefly explain the following terms as
applied in Geophysics.(i)Hypocenter
(ii)Epicenter (iii) Tsunami.
• (c) (i) Briefly explain the effects of global
warming.
(ii) Suggest the measures to be taken
against global warming.
(iii) Name the four gases that contribute
to global warming and give one source of
each.

SHEMAEZE 121
 QUESTION 79 (HEAT)
• (a) (i) Explain why in a very cold morning a
piece of metal bar feels much colder to
the hand than a piece of wood.
(ii) Clinical thermometers should not
be sterilized in boiling water. Give reasons.
• (b) A piece of lead of mass 500 g falls
from a height of 25 m. Assuming that all
the energy changes into internal energy in
the lead when it strikes the ground,
calculate the rise in temperature of the
lead if its specific heat capacity is 130 J/
SHEMAEZE 122
 QUESTION 80 (HEAT)
• (a) What is meant by
(i) Upper fixed point (ii) Lower fixed point
(iii) Boiling point (iv) Triple point of
water.
• (b)(i) Give reasons, why water is not used
as thermometric liquid?
(ii) Briefly explain why alcohol in glass
thermometer is termed as the accuracy
thermometer in arctic regions than mercury
in glass thermometer.

SHEMAEZE 123
 CONT… QN.80
• (c) The ice and steam points on
thermometer are found to be 192 apart. If
the length of mercury thread is 67.2mm,
calculate the temperature recorded.
• (d) Explain the how heat energy in thermal
flask is conserved.

SHEMAEZE 124
 QUESTION 81 (MECHANICS)
• (a) Define the terms;
(i) Inertia (ii) Momentum (iii) Newton.
• (b) State the Newton’s laws of motion.
• (c) (i) Show that, the free falling body strikes
the surface with a velocity given by;
v  gt ,
where, g – is acceleration due to gravity.
(ii) A bullet of mass 20g, travelling with a
velocity of 16m/s penetrates a sand bag and
is brought to rest in 0.05 seconds. Find the
depth of penetration and the average
retarding force.
SHEMAEZE 125
 QUESTION 82 (VECTORS)
• (a) State the parallelogram law of forces.
• (b) (i) Distinguish between, Absolute
velocity and relative velocity.
• (ii) Wind is blowing
75
o
west of north at
20km/hour. A bird is flying in the wind and
its velocity relative to45the ground is 90km/
o

h at west of north. Calculate the

velocity and direction of the bird.

SHEMAEZE 126
 CONT… QN.82
• (c) (i) Define, coefficient of dynamic
friction.
(ii) A body of mass
45 40kg is placed in a
0

straight track sloping at an angle to the

horizontal . If the body is held from
slipping by friction, calculate the normal
reaction and the force of friction.

SHEMAEZE 127
 QUESTION 83 (NECTA 2014)
• (a) (i) Use the kinetic theory to explain why
solids expand when heated.
(ii) Mention two experiments which can
be done in the laboratory to verify thermal
expansion of solids.
• (b) Explain how each of the following works:
(i) A bimetallic thermostat.
(ii) A bimetallic thermometer.

SHEMAEZE 128
 CONT… QN.83
• (c) (i) What is an induction coil?
(ii) Describe the structure of an
induction coil and briefly explain its mode
of action.

SHEMAEZE 129
 QUESTION 84 (LIGHT-NECTA 2014)
(a) (i) What is meant by refraction of light?
(ii) Mention three points to be
considered when drawing a ray diagram to
show the formation of images on a
concave mirror.
(b)(i) Briefly explain why part of the road
ahead of a person apparently looks as if it
has a pool of water on a sunny day?

SHEMAEZE 130
 CONT… QN.84
• (ii) A pin is at the bottom of a vessel 16
cm deep. When the vessel is filled with
water the pin appears to rise when viewed
form above. Find the height to which the
pin appears to rise. (refractive index of
water is 4/3)

SHEMAEZE 131
 QUESTION 85 NECTA 2014
• (a) (i) What is meant by radioactive decay?
(ii) Give two effects of beta (β) particle
on the nucleus of an atom.
• (b) (i) Define the term isotope of an
element.
(ii) How would you test whether a car
battery needs recharging? (Give three
points).

SHEMAEZE 132
 CONT… QN85
• (ii) Two resistors each of 5Ω Are
connected in parallel across the same
battery of e.m.f. 5 V and negligible internal
resistance. If the battery is fully charged
and then discharged within 20 hours,
calculate the storage capacity of the
battery.

SHEMAEZE 133
QUESTION 86 NECTA 2000 (LIGHT)

SHEMAEZE 134
QUESTION 86 NECTA 2000
(ELECTROMAGNETISM)

SHEMAEZE 135
QUESTION 87 NECTA 2004
(ELECTROMAGNETISM)

SHEMAEZE 136
QUESTION 87 NECTA 2011 (WAVE)

SHEMAEZE 137
SHEMAEZE 138
 SPECIAL QUIZ; F4-SQ1
(a)Define the following.
(i) Volume. [0.5] (ii) Mass[0.5] (iii) Density[0.5]
(b) State the following.
(i) Archimedes principle [01 ] (ii) Law of flotation
[01 ]
(c) Mention the two conditions for a body to sink in
liquid. [02]
(d) Calculate the density of a cube of metal with
sides of 5cm length each, if its mass is 5kg. [01.5 ]
(e) Outline the procedure of using methylated spirit,
water and a pendulum bob to find the relative
density of spirit. [03]

SHEMAEZE 139
QUIZ, F4 PHYSICS (NECTA-2015)
4. (a) (i) What effect does an increase in
temperature
have on the density of most liquids?
[01]
(ii) Explain the procedure of using
methylated
spirit, water and a pendulum bob to
find the
relative density of spirit. [02.5]
(b) (i) State Archimedes’ Principle. [01.5]
SHEMAEZE 140
 Cont…
(c) When a piece of wood is put in a
graduated cylinder containing water, the
level of the water rises from 17.7 cm3 to
18.5 cm3 . Calculate the (i) Mass of a
piece of wood. [02]
(ii) Total volume of a piece of wood given
that its
relative density is 0.60. [02]

SHEMAEZE 141
 F4 PHYSICS QUIZ
(a) Mention the three differences between real
and virtual image. [03 marks]
 M 1 
(b) Derive the equation  M  f using mirror
u 
 
formula; where M is magnification. [03
marks]
(c) A concave mirror has focal length 20cm,
how far from the mirror must an object be
placed to produce an image that is;
(i) Twice the size of object. [02 marks]
(ii) Half the size of object. [02 marks]

SHEMAEZE 142
 F4 PHYSICS QUIZ {15min}
(a) Define the terms
(i) Heat (0.5) (ii) Heat capacity (0.5) (iii)
Specific heat capacity (0.5).
0
100 c
(b) (i) The boiling point of water is . Explain this
statement (01.5)
(ii) Name two factors affecting the boiling point of
water (02).
(c) (i) What is specific latent heat of fusion (01).
(ii) Calculate the final temperature of water formed 0 c if
0

8.4kJ of
L iceheat is supplied
 336000 J / kg  {to  4200 Jof
C w0.02kg / kgice
0
c} at (04)

SHEMAEZE 143
 F4 PHYSICS GROUP WORK
(a)Give three points to differentiate Real
image from Virtual image. (03)
(b)Outline three governing rules when drawing
a ray diagram to form the image in curved
mirrors. (03)
(c)What is a common factor that determine
the characteristics of image formed by
spherical mirrors? (01)
(d)A concave spherical mirror of radius of
curvature 20cm forms an image 30cm from
the mirror and 5cm high. Determine the
position and size of an object. (03)
SHEMAEZE 144
 F4 PHYSICS GROUP WORK
 (a) (i) Define the centre of gravity. (01)
(ii) Differentiate stable equilibrium from
unstable equilibrium. (02)
 (b) From the figure below calculate the reactions
X and Y. (03)
X Y

50cm 200cm 100cm 150cm

90 N
 (c) The velocity of the Lorry relative to the bus
is 8m/s when they are moving in the same
direction and 28m/s when they are moving in
opposite direction. Determine the velocity of the
Lorry and that of the bus. (04)
SHEMAEZE 145