See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/224091506

Transmission line transposition

Conference Paper · December 2009

Source: IEEE Xplore

CITATIONS READS

7 2,755

3 authors, including:

Ahmet Nayir
Fatih University
22 PUBLICATIONS   41 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Ahmet Nayir on 05 February 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 TRANSMISSION LINE TRANSPOSITION
Arif M.Gashimov1, Aytek R.Babayeva2, Ahmet Nayir3,4
1
Institute of Physics. Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences H. Javid av.33. AZ-1143. Baku, Azerbaijan
Tel: (994 12) 4394402, Fax: (994 12) 4470456, e-mail: direktor@physics.ab.az
2
Azerbaijan Scientific-Res. & Design-Prospecting Institute of Energetics Zardabi av. 94, AZ-1012. Baku, Azerbaijan,
Tel: (994 12) 4316194, Fax: (994 12) 4328076, e-mail: aytek_babayeva@rambler.ru
3
Fatih University 34500 Büyükçekmece, østanbul,Turkey
Tel: +90 212 866 33 00/ 2438 Faks: +90 212 866 33 37 e-mail: a_nayir@yahoo.com , anayir@fatih.edu.tr
4
Electrical Engineering Technology Department of Industrial Technology University of Northern Iowa ITC 39 Cedar
Falls Iowa 50614-0178 e-mail: ahmet.nayir@uni.edu

Abstract of current may complicate the performance of transmission line

relay protection, and the unbalance of voltage – disturb the
This article presents an analysis of 400kV transmission line normal operation of electric motors in the electric system. This
with and without transposition is held there in by applying fact terminates the possibility of further prolongation of
the EMTP (Electromagnetic Transients Program), namely transposition cycles.
the basic constant parameter model from Bergeron’s theory. Unbalance of current and voltage of power frequency in
The results gained testify to the continuation of electric system. The long line is a chain with distributed
investigations in this way and also can be used for solving parameters. The difference between its parameter at one
the problems of provision of allowable unbalance level in transposition interval is not fully compensated along the whole
longer lines. cycle, because at one of intervals the line is allocated at various
conditions. Resultant parameters of line phases become different
1. Introduction for a cycle in total. Therefore, even at exact symmetry current
and voltage systems at one end of full transposition cycle these
According to existing concept the transposition of systems become unbalances at its another end. The longer the
transmission line phases is intended for reducing the unbalance line and the higher its rated voltage, i.e. linear index of charging
of current and voltage in normal operation mode of electric current, the bigger is the difference in parameters and phases of
system and for limiting the obstructive influence of transmission current and voltage along the line, and correspondingly – the
lines to low-frequency transmission channel. bigger is «the remaining» unbalance of current and voltage of
The length of transposition cycle for lines with horizontal the electric line [2].
allocation of phases should not exceed 24km, and at triangle Modern computer technology and bundled software like
allocation should not exceed 48km. At such transposition cycle Mathcad, Matlab, EMTP give an opportunity to prevent the
length the difference between the parameters of separate line difficulties occurred during the calculation of unbalance caused
phases becomes so slight that the unbalance of current and by transmission lines as well as to implement the new approach
voltage caused by it is very insignificant. Therefore, during the in relation to operational speed and accuracy of calculations.
electrical system calculations the average line parameters are The analysis of 400kV transmission line of 360km length
considered [1]. has been held therein by applying the EMTP with and without
Operating experience of transmission lines showed that the transposition.
transposition supports act as a weak junction reducing the
reliable performance of lines and impeding the preventive tests 2. Layout Of The Line
and repairs.
Frequent transposition usually leads to complication of A real case, which is used in this article, is a real double
support structures, transmission line cost increase caused by three-phase transmission line. Specification of lines is given in
increase in number of insulator strings and total weight of Table 1.The line structure is shown in figure 1.
supports. Therefore, the prolongation of transposition lines
becomes very reasonable because it leads to decrease in quantity Table 1. Line conductor characteristics
of transposition supports.
Possibility in principle increase of transposition lines cycle
length was initially presented in the research [1].
Nevertheless, it should be noted that at distributed
parameters of long transmission lines having substantial
capacitive current, further increase of cycle length or production
of lines without transposition may lead to visible unbalance of
current and voltage in the whole electric system. The unbalance

I-364
 supported. Fig. 3 illustrates a Bergeron specification of a 400kV
overhead line given in fig.1.
The model is based on the Bergeron’s traveling wave
method used by the Electromagnetic Transient Program
(EMTP) [3]. In this model, the losses distributed LC line is
characterized by two values (for a single phase line): the surge
impedance Zc = L / C and the phase velocity

υ = 1 / LC . The method can be used to verify if the model

is suitable for the typical transients occurring in the study [4].

Fig.1. Phase configuration of transmission line and tower size

2.1 Simulation System

The model of untransposed line at phase C closing in ATP-

EMTP is shown on Figure 2.

V LC C V LC C V
I
I
I

Fig.2. The model of untransposed line at phase ɋ closing

To add a line or cable to the circuit, the user first specifies a

3 phase line/cable model. The input dialog box of this circuit
Fig.3. Line/Cable dialog box. Upper: Selection of system type
element is shown in fig. 3. In this dynamic dialog box the user
(line or cable), standard data (grounding and frequency)
specifies if the component is a cable or an overhead line. Then
and Model data (type of model and frequency). Lower:
the geometrical and material parameters can be entered under
Specification of conductor data
Data. Under Standard data the ground resistivity, the initial
frequency and the line/cable length are specified. Finally the
Computing results of voltage and current in untransposed
user selects the suitable electrical model under Model along with
line at phase C ground fault are presented on Figure 4, 5.
special frequency and fitting data required in each case. It is
straightforward to switch between the various electrical models
(PI, Bergeron, JMarti, Semlyen and Noda) and ATPDraw
handles all the formats, apart from special multiple pi-sections.
Only those cases that really produce an electrical model are

I-365
 Fig.7. Voltage value at phase Ⱥ, ȼ, ɋ of transposed line

Fig.4. Voltage value of phase Ⱥ, ȼ, ɋ of untransposed line

Fig.8. Current value at phase Ⱥ, ȼ, ɋ of transposed line

Voltage and current values of phase C with and without

transposition are shown on Figure 9, 10.

Fig.5. Current value of phase Ⱥ, ȼ, ɋ of untransposed line

Taking into account the transposition on Figure 3 it’s

necessary to make an addition by noting the transposition:

Fig. 9. Voltage value at phase C with and without transposition:

1- without transposition; 2 – with transposition

Fig.6. Line/Cable dialog box with transposed

Computing results of voltage and current of transposed

transmission line at phase C ground fault are shown on Figure 7,
8.
Fig. 10.Current value at phase C with and without transposetion:
1- with transposition; 2- without transposition

I-366
 Phase-to-phase fault of B and C phases with and without 3. Conclusion
transposition has been investigated as well.
The model of untransposed line during the phase-to-phase At line length of 100km and more the measures should be
fault of B and C phases in ATP-EMTP is presented on Figure undertaken for limiting the unbalance in relation to untransposed
11. line. As a rule, the utilization of one cycle of transposition is
enough to eliminate the unbalance coefficient up to allowable
V LC C V LCC V parameters.
I SA I
I When analyzing the transposition scheme it should be
considered that the results for classical transposition scheme and
simplified transposition scheme will be similar because the
extreme phases are allocated symmetrically to average phase, as
it was noted in [5].
In lines with horizontal allocation at length exceeding
100km, the usage of line phase transposition is be required.
Considering all the aforesaid, the results gained testify to the
continuation of investigations in this way and also can be used
Fig.11.The model of untransposed line during the phase-to- for solving the problems of provision of allowable unbalance
phase fault of B and C phases in ATP-EMTP level in longer lines.
Computing results of voltage and current during the phase-to- 4. References
phase fault of B and C phases without transposition are shown
on Figure 12, 13. [1]. N.N. Mirolyubov On transmission line electrical asymmetri.
Proceedings of LPI, #3, 1948 [in Russian].
[2]. M.M.Adibi, D.P.Milanicz, T.L. Volkmann Asymmetry issues
in power system restoration. IEEE Trans on Power System,
1999, 14(3):1085-1091.
[3]. H.Dommel Digital Computer Solution of Electromagnetic
Transients in Single and Multiple Netwoks, IEEE
Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol PAS-88,
No.4, April 1969.
[4]. “Alternative Transients Program (ATP) – Rule Book”,
Canadian/American EMTP User Group, 1987-1998.
[5]. M.V. Kostenko, L.S. Perelman Three-phase aerial line
simplest scheme of transposition. Electricity, #8, 1980 [in
Russian].
.
Fig. 12. Voltage value during the phase-to-phase fault without
transposition

Fig. 13. Current value during the phase-to-phase fault without

transposition

I-367

View publication stats