Las Law of Universal Gravitation

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
website: www.depedzambales.ph
Name: ______________________________________ Grade/Section__________

School: _____________________________________ Date: __________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

GENERAL PHYSICS I
STEM
I. Introduction
Sir Isaac Newton had contributions to the classical physics. He observed

motions of planets and moons and other heavenly bodies are due to gravity.
Gravity has universal attractive force that exists between objects and have
mass. Isaac Newton came up with the study that the Law states that the
quantitative relationship between the masses of two objects and the gravity
between them, and it the law of universal gravitations.
Are you ready to find out the importance of the law of universal
gravitations.?
II. Learning Competency

Use Newton’s law of gravitation to infer gravitational force, weight, and
acceleration due to gravity (STEM_GP12G-IIb16).
III. Objectives:
At the end of this learning activity, you are expected to:
a. Identify the two masses that attracts each other with a force
that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
them.
1
IV. Discussion
In a symbol, let m1 and m2 be two masses a distance r apart. The law of
the universal gravitation gives us the following relation:
∞ m1 m 2
Fgra v
r2
Where Fgrav is the gravitational force between the objects.
We now introduce a constant G, called the Universal Gravitational Constant,

and replace the proportionality symbol with an equal sign to give us the
following equation:
G=6.67 x −10 N ⋅ m2 ∕ kg
Sir Henry Cavendish (1731-1810), determined that the universal gravitational
is constant, a contemporary of Sir Isaac Newton. Since the value of G is very
small, the force of gravity between small masses is to weak to have any
noticeable effect. For massive objects, such as satellites and heavenly bodies,
gravity explains many interactions and helps in finding masses of distant
objects.
The gravitational force direction on each mass is along the line joining their
centers, with the arrow pointing towards the other. Look at the picture A below,
Picture A shows the gravitational interaction between two friends, Rose and
Manilyn. We indicate their masses as mb and mc respectively. Although the two
girls may not know it, they have a natural gravitational pull on each other.
Picture A. (a) Manilyn ¿ ¿) applies gravitational force on Besty m b .This pull is

directed toward Rose. (b) at the same time, Besty applies a gravitational force on
Manilyn. This pull is directed toward Besty.
2
Example A.
Following are four pairs of masses, with the masses in each pair 1.0 m apart.
Calculate the gravitational force between the masses in each pair, then
compare the magnitude of the force.
Solution
A.
G m ,m
Fgram= 2
r2
= ( 6.67 x , 0−11 N ⋅m/kg ² ) (12.0 kg)(4.0 kg)

(1.0m)²
= 3.2 ×10−9 N
3
B.
G m ,m
Fgram= 2
r2
= ( 6.67 x , 0−11 N ⋅m/kg ² ) ( 8.0 kg)(6.0 kg)

(1.0m)²
= 3.2 ×10−9 N
Gm , m
C. ram= 2
r2
= ( 6.67 x , 0−11 N ⋅m/kg ² ) ( 24.0 kg)(2.0 kg)

(1.0m)²
= 3.2 ×10−9 N
Gm , m
D. ram= 2
r2
= ( 6.67 x , 0−11 N ⋅m/kg ² ) (16.0 kg)(3.0 kg)

(1.0m)²
= 3.2 ×10−9 N
Note: that the forces are equal. Since the distance between masses are the
same in all parts, the forces are determined by the product of the masses and
not by the individual masses.
4
Example B.
Given the radius of the Erath R E = 6.38 x 106 m, calculate its mass m E .
Solution
To solve for m E . We will need a hypothetical object of mass m. We can calculate

the weight of the object using these equations:
Gm m
W =mg andW =
E
2
R E
Equating the above formulas, we get
Gm n
mg= E
R 2E
G mE
g=
R2E
g R 2E
mE =
G
In the second equation, the denominator should have been the square
of the distance r between the object and the center of the Earth (or r 2).
The value of the r is the sum of the height of the object’s center h and
the radius of the earth, or r=h + R E. Assuming, however, that the object
is on the ground and not very big, h is too smell compared to the
Earth’s Radius, so h+ R E H=R E.
5
We now substitute the variables with their values: g = 9.8 m/s², R = 6.38
x 106 m; and G=6.67 x −10 N ⋅ m2 ∕ kg², we get the mass of the Earth.
g R 2E
mE =
G
= (9.8 m/s²) ( 6.38 x 106 m)²

6.67 x−10 N ⋅ m 2 ∕ kg ²
= 5.98 x 1024 kg
The mass of the Earth is 5.98 x 1024 kg
V. Activities
Activity 1
Exercise A. Compute the gravitational force in each pair of masses.
Afterward, arrange the forces in the order of decreasing magnitude.
Exercise B. Calculate the force of gravitational attraction between the

Earth and each of the following:
1. Betty, mass = 59.0 kg
6
2. Daniel, mass = 68.5 kg
3. Justin, mass = 28.0 kg
4. Mark, mass = 60.0 kg
Exercise C. Arrange the forces in order of decreasing magnitude.
Assessment
Calculate the gravitational attraction exerted by a woman with a mass of

50.0 kg and
1. the Earth if the woman is in an airplane 12 000 m above the Earth’s

surface.
2. the Moon ¿; R M =174 x|06 m¿ if the above woman is on its surface.
3. Jupiter (m1=1.90 ×1027 kg ; RJ =6.91 ×107 m¿ if the woman is on its surface
A. References
Santisteban, C., 2007. Breaking Through Physics. Quezon, City: C & E
Publisher.
Prepared by:
Rodison Fernandez
Teacher I
Cabangan National High School
District of Cabangan

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Republic of the Philippines

Name: ______________________________________ Grade/Section__________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Sir Isaac Newton had contributions to the classical physics. He observed

II. Learning Competency

Where Fgrav is the gravitational force between the objects.

We now introduce a constant G, called the Universal Gravitational Constant,

Picture A. (a) Manilyn ¿ ¿) applies gravitational force on Besty m b .This pull is

= ( 6.67 x , 0−11 N ⋅m/kg ² ) (12.0 kg)(4.0 kg)

= ( 6.67 x , 0−11 N ⋅m/kg ² ) ( 8.0 kg)(6.0 kg)

= ( 6.67 x , 0−11 N ⋅m/kg ² ) ( 24.0 kg)(2.0 kg)

= ( 6.67 x , 0−11 N ⋅m/kg ² ) (16.0 kg)(3.0 kg)

To solve for m E . We will need a hypothetical object of mass m. We can calculate

Equating the above formulas, we get

= (9.8 m/s²) ( 6.38 x 106 m)²

The mass of the Earth is 5.98 x 1024 kg

Exercise B. Calculate the force of gravitational attraction between the

Exercise C. Arrange the forces in order of decreasing magnitude.

Calculate the gravitational attraction exerted by a woman with a mass of

1. the Earth if the woman is in an airplane 12 000 m above the Earth’s

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Name: ____________________________ Grade/Section