Gravitation L-1 UA
Gravitation L-1 UA
Gravitation L-1 UA
Gravitation 1
r
F F
m1 m2
m1 m2
F= G
r2
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Gravitation - 1
Gravitation 1
r
F F
m1 m2
m1 m2
F= G
r2
Gravitation
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
r
F F
m1 m2
Newton's law of Gravitation
m1 = Mass of body A
Let’s consider… m2 = Mass of body B
A B r = Distance between A and B
m1 r m2
F F
There exists a force of attraction, This force is called as gravitational
force (F).
Statement
Every particle of matter attracts every
other particle of matter with a Force,
which is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the
distance between them.
Universal Gravitational Constant (G)
m1 m 2 Fr2
F = G G =
r2 m1 m2
Universal gravitation constant is numerically equal to the force of attraction between two unit
masses placed at unit distance apart.
1 kg 1 kg
1m
m1 m2
F = G
r2
Characteristic of Gravitational Law
Characteristic of Gravitational Law
1. The gravitational force is independent of the intervening medium.
r r
Medium - Air Medium - Water
2. The force acts along the line joining the masses, hence it is a central
force.
3. The gravitational force is a conservative force.
4. The force exerted by the first particle on the second is exactly
equal & opposite to the force exerted by the second particle on
the first (obeys Newton’s 3rd law).
Gravity Force (F2) Gravity Force (F1)
Earth
Object
(Me = 6 × 1024 kg) (mass = 1 kg)
∴ F 1 = F2
Formula
Where…
m1 , = masses of particles
m2
r = distance between them
m1 = 5 kg
m2 = 6 × 1024 kg
6.4 × 106 m
5 kg r = 6.4 × 106 m
6 × 1024 kg
Acceleration due to Gravity on the surface
Solution: m1m2
F = G
r2
5 × 6 × 1024
= 6.67 × 10–11 ×
(6.4 × 106)2
Gm1m2 16 Gm1m2
F = F′ =
r2 r2
G(2m1)(2m2)
F′ = F′ = 16 F
1 2
r
2
4 Gm1m2
=
r2
4
What is the magnitude of the gravitational force F on the particle due to the
rod ?
GMm
A.
d(L - d)
d
GMm m M,L
B.
d(L + d)
GMm
C.
2d(L + d)
GMm
D.
(L + d)2
d
m M,L
Solution:
r dr
(m) dm (M)
d L
G(m) M dr
G(m)(dm) L
dF = dF =
r2
r2
Solution:
M
G(m) dr GMm 1 1
L = –
dF = F
L d L+d
r2
L+d GMm L
∫ GMm =
F = 1 dr L Ld + d2
L r2
d
GMm
F =
L+d
∫
GMm d(L + d)
= 1 dr
L r2
d
Vector form of Newton's Law of Gravitation
Vector form of Newton's Law of Gravitation
Vector form of Newton's Law of Gravitation
r
–Gm1m2 ∧
F12 = r21 F12 F21
r2 m1 m2
A B
r12 r21
–Gm1m2 ∧
F21 = r12
r2
A F21 Now,
m1
∧
r1 r12 B Gm1m2
m2 = – 3
r12
r2 r12
O Gm1m2
F21 = – ( r2 – r1 )
3
r2 – r1
Gm1m2
F21 = – ( r2 – r1 )
3
r2 – r1
m1
m2
r1
r2
O
Principle of Superposition of Gravitational Force
F31
m3 m1
F32
m2
Principle of Superposition of Gravitational Force
F01
m0
F0 F03
2
m2 m3
Three identical masses m are kept at the vertices of equilateral Δ of side ‘a’.
Find the force on A due to B and C.
A
m
m m
B C
Solution:
y
FB sin30 A FC sin30
Forces in X-Direction
300 x
FB FC G(m)(m)
FB = Fc =
a2
a a
FB sin30 = FC sin30
300
FB FC
a a
magnitude
B C
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