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    Lesson 1: Illustrating The Different Types of Conic Sections, Defining A Circle and Determining The Equation of A Circle in Standard Form

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    anne
    This document provides a lesson on conic sections and circles. It defines different types of conic sections including parabolas, ellipses, circles, and hyperbolas. It then focuses on defining and deriving the standard form equation of a circle. The standard form is given as (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) is the center and r is the radius. Several examples are provided of writing the standard form equation and determining the center and radius of circles from their equations. An activity at the end contains practice problems for students.

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    Lesson 1: Illustrating The Different Types of Conic Sections, Defining A Circle and Determining The Equation of A Circle in Standard Form

    Uploaded by

    anne
    360 views6 pages
    This document provides a lesson on conic sections and circles. It defines different types of conic sections including parabolas, ellipses, circles, and hyperbolas. It then focuses on defining and deriving the standard form equation of a circle. The standard form is given as (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) is the center and r is the radius. Several examples are provided of writing the standard form equation and determining the center and radius of circles from their equations. An activity at the end contains practice problems for students.

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    MODULE-1-PRE-CALCULUS.docx

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    This document provides a lesson on conic sections and circles. It defines different types of conic sections including parabolas, ellipses, circles, and hyperbolas. It then focuses on defining and deriving the standard form equation of a circle. The standard form is given as (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) is the center and r is the radius. Several examples are provided of writing the standard form equation and determining the center and radius of circles from their equations. An activity at the end contains practice problems for students.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    360 views6 pages

    Lesson 1: Illustrating The Different Types of Conic Sections, Defining A Circle and Determining The Equation of A Circle in Standard Form

    Uploaded by

    anne
    This document provides a lesson on conic sections and circles. It defines different types of conic sections including parabolas, ellipses, circles, and hyperbolas. It then focuses on defining and deriving the standard form equation of a circle. The standard form is given as (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) is the center and r is the radius. Several examples are provided of writing the standard form equation and determining the center and radius of circles from their equations. An activity at the end contains practice problems for students.

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    Republic of the Philippines

    DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 1
    Region 1
    SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE URDANETA CITY
    DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF URDANETA, INC.
    Urdaneta City, Pangasinan

    CONIC SECTIONS
    PRE-CALCULUS – GRADE 11 STEM

    Lesson 1: Illustrating the Different Types of Conic Sections, Defining a


    Circle and Determining the Equation of a Circle in Standard Form

    In this part of the module, the learner will learn about the different types of conic

    sections.
    OBJECTIVES:
    The learner will be able to:
    a. Illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and
    degenerate cases.
    b. Define a circle.

    c. Determine the standard form of the equation of a circle.


    d. Graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system

    We have learnt how to draw the graphs of linear functions, y=mx+b, and the
    graphs of quadratic functions y=ax2+bx+c. In this lesson, we shall learn the definition of
    a circle and how to find its equation in standard form.

    A conic section (or simply conic) is a curve obtained as the intersection of the
    surface of a cone with a plane. The three types of conic sections are the hyperbola, the
    parabola, and the ellipse. The circle is type of ellipse, and is sometimes considered to
    be a fourth type of conic section.

    Conic sections are generated by the intersection of a plane with a cone. If the plane
    is parallel to the axis of revolution (the y-axis), then the conic section is a hyperbola. If
    the plane is parallel to the generating line, the conic section is a parabola. If the plane is
    perpendicular to the axis of revolution, the conic section is a circle. If the plane
    intersects one nappe at an angle to the axis (other than 90 90 ), then the conic section
    is an ellipse.
    2

    The geometric definition of a circle is the locus of all points in a constant distance r
    from a point (h,k) and forming the circumference (C). The distance r is the radius (R)
    of the circle, and the point O = (h,k) is the cicle’s center also spelled centre. The
    diameter (D) is twice the length of the radius.

    The circle is the simplest and best known conic section. As a conic section, the circle
    is the intersection of a plane perpendicular to the cone’s axis. In summary, the standard
    form of the equation of a circle with center C(h,k) and radius r is given by:

    (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

    Equation of a Circle in Standard Form

    How can we derive the equation of a circle in standard form?

    P(x,y)
    r

    C(h,k) Q

    x
    O

    Let P(x,y) be any point on the circumference of a circle with centre C(h,k) and radius r,
    where r>0.

    Then CP = r
    (a) Consider CPQ . Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, write down an equation in terms
    of x, y, h, k and r.

    (b) If h=0 and k=0,


    3

    i. State the coordinates of the center of the circle, ii.


    Write down the equation of the circle for this particular
    case.

    Example 1:
    Write down the coordinates of the center and the radius of each of the following circles.

    c)  1
    (a) x2 y2 36 (b) (x2)2 (y3)2 25 ( x   y 490
    2 2

     2

    Solution:

    (a) Center (0,0) (b) Center (2,3)


    Radius = 366 Radius = 255
     12 2

    x   y 49  0
    c)  2

     12 2

    x   y  49
     2

     1 
    Center  ,0 
    2
    Radius = 497

    Example 2:
    Find the equation of the circle with the center C(2,3) and radius 5, leaving your answer in
    standard form.

    Solution:
    Equation of the circle is (x2)2 (y3)2 52
    (x2)2 (y3)2  25

    NOTE: A CIRCLE is a set of all coplanar points such that the distance from a
    fixed point is constant. The fixed point is called the CENTER of the circle and the
    constant distance from the center is called the RADIUS of the circle.

    The standard form of the equation of the circle (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 can be
    presented in another form. By squaring the binomials:

    (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

    𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒉𝒙 + 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒌𝒚 + 𝒌𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

    𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒉𝒙 − 𝟐𝒌𝒚 + 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
    4

    𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒉𝒙 − 𝟐𝒌𝒚 + 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 = 𝟎

    𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − (𝟐𝒉)𝒙 − (𝟐𝒌)𝒚 + (𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐) = 𝟎

    This equation is of the form 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎, where 𝑫 = −𝟐𝒉, 𝑬 = −𝟐𝒌, and 𝑭


    = 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐. This equation is called the general form of the equation of the circle.
    This shows that the equation of the circle can be written in the general form of the
    equation of a circle, and vice versa.

    Example 3:

    Write the equation of the circle in general form with center (-1,-6) and radius 8.

    Solution:

    The center-radius form of the equation of the circle is

    (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟖𝟐

    By squaring the binomials

    𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟔𝟒

    𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏 + 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟎

    𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎

    An alternative solution makes use of substituting the coordinates of the center (ℎ, 𝑘) and
    the radius 𝑟 = 8.

    If 𝒉 = −𝟏

    𝑫 = −𝟐𝒉

    𝑫 = −𝟐(−𝟏) = 𝟐

    If 𝒌 = −𝟔

    𝑬 = −𝟐𝒌

    𝑬 = −𝟐(−𝟔) = 𝟏𝟐

    If 𝒓 = 𝟖

    𝑭 = 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐

    𝑭 = (−𝟏)𝟐 + (−𝟔)𝟐 − (𝟖)𝟐

    𝑭 = 𝟏 + 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟔𝟒 = −𝟐𝟕
    5

    Therefore, the equation of the circle in general form with center (−1, −6) and radius 8 is
    𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎.

    References:

    Courses.lumenlearning.com

    Orines, F. B. (2016). Next Century Mathematics Pre-Calculus. Phoenix Publishing


    House, Inc.

    Rojas, Jr. R.A., Tiong, J.R. (2002). ECE Licensure Guidebook Mathematics. JRT
    Publisher.

    Yeo, Joseph et al, New Syllabus Mathematics 7th Edition, 2015.

    Prepared by: DARYL L. ABACCO


    Mathematics Teacher

    Name: ___________________________ Date: _____________________

    Section: _________________________

    ACTIVITY 1

    _____ 1) Find the equation of a circle, in standard form, whose center is (2,3)and has a radius of 4.
    A. (x2)2 (y3)2  4 B. (x2)2 (y3)2  4 C. (x2)2 (y3)2 16 D. (x2)2 (y3)2 16

    _____ 2) Find the equation of a circle, in standard form, whose center is (3,4) and passes through
    the point (9,4).

    A. (x4)2 (y1)2 36A. (x4)2 (y1)2 36 B. (x4)2 (y1)2 6 C. (x4)2 (y1)2 6

    _____ 3) Determine the center and the radius of circle 2x2 2y2 5.
    10
    A. (0,0); B. (0,0);
    C. (0,0);5 D. (0,0); 10
    2
    _____ 4) Determine the center and the radius of circle (x4)2 (y5)2 81
    6

    A. (4,5);9 B. (4,5);8 C. (4,5);7 D. (4,5);6


    _____ 5) Find the equation of a circle which passes through the point (4,2) and has a center

    at (2,2).

    6. Find the equation of a circle with diameter AB, where the coordinates A and B
    are (4,3) and (2,1)respectively.

    7. Find the equation of a circle which touches the x-axis and whose center is
    C(3,5)
    .

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