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Reporting Language (XBRL)

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‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫دور ﻣرﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ إﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﯾﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷورﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬


‫ﺍﻻﻧﺗرﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯾﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎرﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫د‪ .‬ﻧﺎظﻡ ﺣﺳﻥ رﺷﯾد‬

‫ﻣﻠﺧص ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ‬
‫ﻳﺷﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻳﻭﻡ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ أﺣﺩﺛﺗﻪ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻭھﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻣﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﺟﻣﻳﻊ‬
‫أﻧﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﺑﻧﺎء ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺛﻡ ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻌﺯﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﺷﺟﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻣﻭﻳﻝ ‪،‬ﻭأﻥ ھﻧﺎﻙ ﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺩﻋﻡ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ أﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻋﺭﺽ ﻭﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻛﻣﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻳﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ )‪. (XBRL‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩي ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻟﻣﻬﻧﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻺﻓﺻﺎح ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺗﺭﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺟﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻝ أھﻡ ﺗﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻭﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ‪ Web Trust‬أﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ‪Sys‬‬
‫‪،Trust‬ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻌﺩ ﻳﻘﺗﺻﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭإﺑﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺭأي أﻭ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻝ أﺻﺑﺢ ﻳﻘﺩﻡ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻩ ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ أﺻﺑﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺋﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻟﻔﺋﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺑﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎھﻣﻳﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Abstract‬‬
‫‪Today, the world is witnessing a revolution in technology, and the technique of‬‬
‫‪substantive changes and continuous development in information technologies, the‬‬
‫‪rapid growth in e-commerce market response to the many businesses Building Web‬‬
‫‪sites and used in electronic commerce then adopted in disseminating financial‬‬
‫‪reports to enhance confidence and transparency in financial reporting to encourage‬‬
‫‪individuals and enterprises to investment And funding, and there are important‬‬
‫‪aspects for the development of Financial reporting on the Internet, is to identify new‬‬
‫‪opportunities when moving from the old techniques in eXtensible Business‬‬
‫‪Reporting Language (XBRL).‬‬
‫‪The Electronic dissemination of financial reports on the Internet a new challenge‬‬
‫‪for accounting and auditing professions. The accompanying electronic Publishing‬‬
‫‪of lists many accounting problems, including the credibility of these lists And trust‬‬
‫‪users to their content and accompanying disclosure, that consequently need to‬‬
‫‪provide many assurance services as affirmative add new services for Auditors to‬‬
‫‪reduce the gap of trust in e-commerce environment that most so-called continuous‬‬
‫‪auditing Services, Web Trust and Sys Trust, not only the role of the auditor to audit‬‬
‫‪the financial statements and expressing an opinion or advice but provides the‬‬
‫‪assurance to ensure information quality moreover become responsible for providing‬‬
‫‪this service to a new category other than shareholders.‬‬

‫أﺳﺗﺎذ ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‪،‬ﻗﺳم اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹدارة واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻣوﺻل‬ ‫*‬

‫‪١٧٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ اﻹدارﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬اﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹدارﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺣﺩﺛﺕ ﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻓﺗﺑﻠﻭﺭﺕ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻧﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﺔ ﻟﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩﻳﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻥ ھﻧﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻧﺷﺭ ﻭﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺩﻯ إﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﺯﻳﺯ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﻟﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻻﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ أﺻﺣﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻠﺣﺔ ﻭﺗﻭﺻﻳﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ھﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻺﻓﺻﺎح ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﻟﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﺗﻭﺟﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻣﻧﺗﻅﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ إﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺿﻣﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻷﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻳﻪ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻥ ھﻧﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﯾﻣﻛﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺗﺣدد ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ اﻟﺗﺳﺎﺅﻻﺕ اﻵﺗﯾﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪:١‬ﻣﺎ ھﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ إﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫؟‬
‫‪:٢‬ھﻝ أﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺗﺳﺎھﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺟﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎ ھﻲ أھﻡ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ إﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ؟‬
‫‪ :٤‬ﻛﻳﻑ ﻳﺳﺎھﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺣﺗﻭﺍھﺎ‬
‫ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ؟‬
‫‪:٥‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ )‪ (XBRL‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ؟‬
‫ﻓرﺿﯾﺔ اﻟﺑﺣﺙ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ إﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺳﺎھﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺟﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃھﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺑﺣﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻧﺑﻊ أھﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﻣﻥ أھﻣﻳﺔ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺗﺟﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻣﻬﻧﺔ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺿﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻭﺿﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ )‪ (XBRL‬ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻓﺎﻋﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺟﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻭإﺿﻔﺎء ﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻭأھﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺿﻊ إﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺣﻭﻝ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻧﺔ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃھداﻑ اﻟﺑﺣﺙ ‪ :‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩھﺎ ﺑﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺗﻭﺿﻳﺢ ﻣﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ )‪ (XBRL‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ إﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ أھﻡ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ إﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﺩﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻬﻧﺔ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٧٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ اﻹداﺭﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬اﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹداﺭﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻋﺗﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﮭﺞ اﻟوﺻﻔﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻣﻭﺿﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫)‪ ، (XBRL‬ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺧطﺔ اﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﺳﻭﻑ ﺗﺷﻣﻝ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺣﺙ ھﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬ﻣﺎھﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩھﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ ‪:‬ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ )‪ (XBRL‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ اﻷوﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎھﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ اﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭوﻧﯾﺔ وإﺑﻌﺎدھﺎ ‪.‬‬


‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺛﺭﺕ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ﺑﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﻣﺣﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ ھﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻭﻟﻌﻝ ﺃھﻡ ﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ھﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺿﻭﺝ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﻟﺣﻔﻅ ﻭﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻳﺢ ﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺳﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻟﺗﻭﻅﻳﻑ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻅﻬﺭ ﻣﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺃﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ "‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻭﺃﺛﺭھﺎ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻭﻣﺑﺗﻛﺭﺓ ﺗﻭﺍﺋﻡ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﻛﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺑﻧﺎء‬
‫ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺟﺎءﺕ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻧﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﺳﻭﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩ‪).‬ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻭﻡ ‪(٢١:٢٠١٠:‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ھﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺧﻠﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭھﺎ ﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺗﻭﺳﻌﺕ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﺻﺑﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺭ ﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺗﺭﺳﻳﺦ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺟﻪ ﻟﻳﻛﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺣﺩﺙ ﻭﺃھﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺷﻬﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻗﻊ ﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺳﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺛﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺩﻧﻰ ﺷﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺃﺣﺩ ﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻣﻔﺎھﻳﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﺳﺑﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﻳﻳﻣﻬﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻳﺱ ھﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻭﻣﺗﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻟﻠﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺗﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬ﻓﻬﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﺻﻝ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﺭﻯ( ﺑﻌﺿﻬﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻭﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺗﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺹ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺣﺳﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻣﺎ‬

‫‪١٧٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ اﻹداﺭﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬اﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹداﺭﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﺗﻣﺗﺩ ﻟﺗﺷﻣﻝ ﻧﻁﺎﻗﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﻭﻳﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻭﻳﺞ ﻭﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﺍﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺳﻠﻳﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﻭﻏﻳﺭھﺎ )ﻣﺻﻁﻔﻰ‪:٢٠٠١:‬‬
‫‪( ٢٤١‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ "ﺃﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺷﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﻣﺳﺎﻧﺩﺓ ﻣﺗﺧﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍء ﺳﻭﺍ ًء ﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﻡ ﺯﺑﺎﺋﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺩ ﺳﻭﺍء‪".‬‬
‫)‪(http://www.drabid.net/‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﺕ ﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ )‪ (WTO‬ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪:‬ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﻭﺗﺭﻭﻳﺞ ﻭﺑﻳﻊ ﻭﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪ ( www. Blueniletadepoint. Com /‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﻡ ﺗﻌﺭﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ‬
‫ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ))‪-Information Systems Auditing & Control Association‬‬
‫‪ (ISACA‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ " ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺟﺭﻱ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﻼ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺯﺑﺎﺋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩﻳﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﻳﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻛﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﻣﻛﻧﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ"‪.‬‬
‫) ‪( www.isaca.org/glossary.htm‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ھﻲ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻣﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻕ ﺑﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺷﺗﻰ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻛﺑﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﻁﻠﺑﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺳﺩﻳﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻼﻡ ﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫وھﻧﺎﻙ ﻋدﺓ أﻧواع ﻣﻥ اﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ اﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭوﻧﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺣدﯾد أھﻣﮭﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪ :١‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ) ‪ ، Business-to-Business (B2B‬ﻳﺗﻡ ھﺫﺍ‬


‫ﺍﻟﻧﻣﻁ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍء ﻟﻠﻣﻭﺭﺩﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺿﻳﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺳﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻧﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﺗﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻣﻁ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎً ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ‪(www.iawmag.co.ae /).‬‬
‫‪ :٢‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻬﻠﻙ) ‪ Business-to-Consumer (B2C‬ﻭﻳﻌﺩ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻣﻁ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﻣﺎﻁ ﺷﻳﻭﻋﺎ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻌﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻳﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ ﺃﻱ ﺷﺧﺹ ﺑﺑﺳﺎﻁﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﺣﺹ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺭﺿﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻘﺩ ﺻﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍء ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٣‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﺳﺗﻬﻠﻙ ﻭﻣﺳﺗﻬﻠﻙ ﺁﺧﺭ )‪، Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C‬ﻭھﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻬﻠﻛﻳﻥ ﻟﻠﺳﻠﻊ ﺃﻧﻔﺳﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻬﺗﻣﻳﻥ ﺑﻣﺩﻯ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻡ ‪ .‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺳﺎﻋﺩ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺑﻳﻌﻭﺍ ﻟﺑﻌﺿﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ ‪،‬ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﻡ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺳﻁﺎء‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺑﻧﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪. ( www .Syrian ed .com) .‬‬
‫‪ :٤‬ﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ‪Government to Business (B to G) :‬‬
‫ﻭھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻓﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﻠﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻣﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻧﺷﺭھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺗﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ‪،‬ﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺍﺋﺏ ﻭﺗﻌﺑﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻣﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫‪).‬ﺍﻷﻏﺎ‪( ٧ :٢٠٠٥ :‬‬
‫‪ :٥‬ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ‪Customer to Government (C to G) :‬‬

‫‪١٧٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ اﻹداﺭﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬اﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹداﺭﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻳﻧﺩﺭﺝ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﺗﺣﺕ ﻣﺻﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺍﻻھﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﺔ ﻟﻸﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻳﺏ ﻟﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ )ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﺎﺯ‪. (١٥٧-١٥٦ :٢٠٠٧ :‬‬
‫وﺗﺗﻣﯾﺯ اﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ اﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭوﻧﯾﺔ ﺑﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻠﺗﻘﻲ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﺭﻯ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺗﺗﻳﺢ ﻟﻬﻡ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﺑﻐﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺛﺎﺋﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﻭﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻅﻡ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻧﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺳﻠﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻳﻥ ھﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺷﻭء ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺯﺍﻉ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺛﺎﺋﻕ ﻭھﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻳﻘﺔ ﻁﻔﺭﺓ ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﺍﻧﺳﻳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻭﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﻳﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﻣﺭﺓ ﻛﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺣﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻓﺭﺩ ﻭﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻧﺷﺭ اﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭوﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎﺕ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﯾﺔ‬


‫ﻳﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ھﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺛﺭﺍء ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﻧﻔﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻹﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻭﺍء ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺗﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﻧﺷﻁﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻳﻣﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ھﻭ ﺇﺷﺑﺎﻉ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺻﺭﻓﺎﺕ ھﺅﻻء ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺳﺗﺗﺄﺛﺭ ﺑﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺩﺕ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺗﺗﻭﺍﻛﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻌﻝ ﺃﺑﺭﺯ ﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ھﻭ ﻧﺿﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻟﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﻟﺣﻔﻅ ﻭﻧﺷﺭ ﻭﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻳﺢ ﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﻣﺣﻠﻳﻳﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻟﻳﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﺗﺟﻬﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺷﺭ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﺿﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺑﻁﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎھﻣﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺧﻔﺽ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻔﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ ) .‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﻣﻧﻌﻡ‪(٩:٢٠٠٥:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ‪،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻭﻓﺭھﺎ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ‬

‫‪١٧٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ اﻹداﺭﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬اﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹداﺭﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﺍﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺗﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﻗﻳﺕ ﻣﻼﺋﻡ‪.‬ﻭﺗﺟﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻣﻘﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻧﺷﺭ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺣﺙ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﺗﺗﻌﻠﻕ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﺃﺗﺎﺡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻭﺇﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺗﻘﺩﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﺑﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﻗﻳﺕ ﺣﻘﻳﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻧﺩﺭﺝ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﻭﻣﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﻣﺑﺳﻁﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻣﻳﺯﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ )‪Extensible Markup Language (XML‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺻﻑ ﻭ ُﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﻭﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺩﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫)‪(XBRL‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺍﻣﺗﺩﺍﺩﺍ ﻟﻸﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻊ ‪Interactive‬‬
‫]‪( http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy) .Extensible Financial Reporting [EDI‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ـ ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ـ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ ﻭﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻭﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺷﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ‪( http://informatics.gov.sa/):‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ ﻟﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ ﻭﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ً ﻋﻥ ﺑﻌﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻁ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺑﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﻣﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻲ ﻭﻏﻳﺭھﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻧﺷﺭ ﻛﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(Oyelere et al: 2003:27‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺁﺧﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻛﺑﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ‪(Ashbaugh et al:. 1999 :241).‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺷﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺷﺎء ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﻁﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﻳﻌﺩ ﻧﺷﺭﺍً ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎً ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻧﺷﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺑﻁ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺑﻣﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺑﻕ ‪( Debrecny, et. al., 2005, p 196).‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺎﻣﺕ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﺿﺣﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﻋﺭﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ‪،‬ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺻﺢ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻳﺷﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺻﻭﺭﺍ ﻣﺷﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻉ ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻔﺳﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻳﺿﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﺧﺹ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺗﻭﺍﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺻﺎءﺍﺕ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﺑﻭﻋﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺭ ﺳﻌﺭ ﻟﻸﺳﻬﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻠﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻟﺩﻭﻝ‬

‫‪١٧٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ اﻹداﺭﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬اﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛﺭﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹداﺭﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﻣﻼﺕ ﻧﻘﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺗﻳﺑﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪( ٣٥:٢٠٠٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻧﺷﺭ‪-‬ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺭﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ – ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﺗﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﻭﺭﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﻧﺻﻭﺹ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻧﺷﺭھﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(Fitzsimons, A., and Shoaf:2000:66‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻧﻭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺯﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻓﺳﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﻔﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺛﻝ ﻭﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﺩﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻳﻥ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺗﺗﻳﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﺕ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻣﻼء ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﻭﺇﻣﺩﺍﺩھﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﺟﻡ ﻭﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺳﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎً‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﻳﻥ ﺳﻭﺍء ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺿﻼً ﻋﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺗﺩﻓـﻕ ﻟﻠﺻﻭﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻭﺍﻗـﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﻣﺎ ھﻭ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺧـﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣـﺗﺟﺭ ﺍﻻﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻲ ‪Virtual‬‬
‫‪ . Exhibition‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺿﺎً ﻓﺗﺢ ﺧﻁﻭﻁ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﻟﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺭ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺃھﻣﻬﺎ‪Fitzsimons, A., and ) :‬‬
‫‪(Shoaf:2000:68‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺣﻠﻳﻼﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺋﻳﺔ ﻻﻧﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﻣﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻳﺭھﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺳﺟﻳﻝ ﻋﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺗﺻﻠﻳﻥ ﻹﺑﻼﻏﻬﻡ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﻭﻝ ﺑﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺳﺟﻝ ﻟﺣﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺭﺩﺩﻳﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﺑﻁ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﻠﻣﺗﺻﻝ ﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﻛﻣﻠﺔ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺗﺣﺫﻳﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺭﻓﻕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﻳﻑ ﺑﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ھﻧﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ‪) :‬ﻓﻭﺩﻩ ‪(٦:٢٠٠٩:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ‪ :‬ھﻭ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ھﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻛﻭﺳﻳﻁ ﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ‪ :‬ﻋﻧﻳﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺻﻭﻯ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺷﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻭﺽ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﺋﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺗﺳﺟﻳﻝ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻐﺔ ‪XBRL‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﻟﺻﻳﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗد ﺗﻡ ﺗﻘﺳﯾﻡ ﻣﺭاﺣﻝ ﺗطوﺭ اﻹﻓﺻﺎح اﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭوﻧﻲ ﺑواﺳطﺔ ﻟﺟﻧﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾﺭ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺭاﺣﻝ ﯾﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻠﺧﯾﺻﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺣو اﻷﺗﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪١٧٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫‪ - ١‬ﻭﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﺩء ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺷﺎء ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻡ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺄﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺑﺭﺯ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻧﺗﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﺗﺗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻣﻠﻙ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻭﺗﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺩ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻕ ﻣﺗﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺭﺽ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻁﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺩﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻝ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪) :‬ﺗﻭﻓﻳﻕ‪(٢٥٨:٢٠٠٢:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻁﺑﻘﺎ ً ﻟﻣﺎ ھﻭ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪.٣٤‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺭﺑﻁ ﺑﻘﻭﺍﺋﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺭ ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺗﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ھﻳﺋﺔ ﺳﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺛ ً‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻭﻳﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻥ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺗﻳﺢ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺗﻳﺣﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻅﺭﺍً ﻟﻛﺛﺭﺓ ﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫ﺭﻏﻡ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻟﻳﺱ ﻟﻶﻟﻳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪) .‬ﻣﺗﻭﻟﻲ‪(٢٤:١٩٩٨:‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗﻡ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻅﺭ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺳﻣﻳﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ : ١‬ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻭﻯ ﺃﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺻﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ‪،‬ﻭﺗﺷﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺁﻭ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء‬
‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻭﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺗﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ...‬ﺍﻟﺦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٢‬ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺻﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺗﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ‪ HTML‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (ADOBE ACROBAT‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺗﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺷﻣﻝ ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ‪،‬ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺕ ‪...‬ﺍﻟﺦ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ)‪ (FASB‬ﺑﺗﻘﺳﻳﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺷﻣﻝ ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻝ ‪(٢٠٦- ٢٠٥:٢٠٠٩:‬‬
‫‪ – ١‬ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺗﻧﺷﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻧﺷﺭ ﺟﺯءﺍ ﻣﺧﺗﺻﺭﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺻﺢ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – ٣‬ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻧﺷﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻧﻔﺱ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻧﺷﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٨٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻭﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺗﻘﺳﻳﻡ ﺃﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺷﻣﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫‪– ١‬ﻻ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪– ٢‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺻﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪– ٣‬ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺭﻛﺔ ‪،‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺗﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺕ ‪...‬ﺍﻟﺦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔوﺍﺋد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎح ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ وﺑﺻورﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺗوﻓﯾر ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص ﺍﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗطﻠﺏ ﺗوﺍﻓرھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﯾﺔ وﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ‪ ) :‬ﺍﻟﺳﻘﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪(٨-٧:٢٠١٠‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺇﻥ ﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ )ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ(‬
‫ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﻓﺎﺋﺩﺓ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭھﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﺎھﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﻗﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻭﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺄﺧﻳﺭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻧﺗﺞ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺗﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺄﻣﻳﻥ ﺇﻳﺻﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻭﻯ ﻭﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ً ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻛﺳﻳﺔ ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻭﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺳﺎھﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﻊ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺧﺫﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻭء ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻭﻓﺭھﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ . ٤‬ﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻭﺍء ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻳﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻟﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺗﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻣﻧﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭھﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺣﻘﻕ ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻅﺭﺍً ﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻁﺭﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ ﺑﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﺃﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻣﺎﺫﺝ ﻟﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ )‪(www.aicpa.org‬‬
‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﺣﺩﺩ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺟﻭﺩھﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻧﺷﺭھﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺑﺎﻵﺗﻲ‪(:www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php) :‬‬
‫‪ :١‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺗﺿﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﺣﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢‬ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺑﺣﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺻﻠﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﻳﺳﻬﻝ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺧﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫‪ : ٣‬ﻋﻧﺩ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺗﻔﺻﻳﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺅﻛﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﻣﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺗﻁﺎﺑﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺎً‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫‪ :٤‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻣﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻧﺷﺭ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭھﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ‪ /‬ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺑﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳﺔ ﻓﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳﺔ ﻓﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻠﻐﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٥‬ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻔﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺑﺣﻳﺙ‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻳﻪ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻔﺗﺭﺓ ﻣﺣﺩﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺷﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺗﺛﻳﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺓ ﻗﺿﺎﻳﺎ ﺃھﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ ) :‬ﺗﻭﻓﻳﻕ‪( ٣-٢ :١٩٩٨:‬‬
‫‪ :١‬ھﻝ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺑﺅﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻧﺷﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺗﺎﺟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺔ ﻷﺛﺭ ﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺛﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻓﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢‬ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻋﺑﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ﻭھﻝ ﺗﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﺣﺩھﺎ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭھﻝ ﻳﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺗﺟﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٣‬ھﻝ ﺗﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﺗﺷﻣﻝ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩﺍً ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭھﻝ ﻳﺣﻝ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻣﺣﻝ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻱ ﺧﺻﻭﺻﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻛﻣﻼً ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٤‬ﻣﺳﺋﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٥‬ﻳﻔﺗﺢ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺏ ﻧﺣﻭ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭﺭﺻﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭھﺫﺍ ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺿﻭﺍﺑﻁ ﺿﺭﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺗﻌﻠﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٦‬ﻳﻧﺩﺭﺝ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ ﺗﺣﺕ ﻣﻧﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻭﻳﺛﻳﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺿﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻳﻌﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺏء ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺻﻭﺻﺎً ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﻏﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺧﺻﺻﻳﻥ‪ .‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﺳﺑﻕ ﻳﺗﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻟﻠﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﻣﻁﻠﺑﺎ ھﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺿﺭ ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻻﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻝ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺗﺭﻛﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﻧﺷﺭ ﻭﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻭﺻﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺟﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺎﻣﺕ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻳﺗﻳﺢ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺗﻳﺣﻪ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺃﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻧﺷﺭھﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺃﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻕ ﻧﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺻﻳﺎﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺩﻗﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺳﻳﺣﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺋﺩ ﺃھﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺩﺩ ﻻﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺿﻼ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻭﺣﻔﻅ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﻣﺗﺧﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻳﺗﻳﺢ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﻟﻣﺗﺧﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻟﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﻗﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺋﻡ ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٨٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ ‪ :‬دور ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎرﯾر ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣوﺳﻌﺔ )‪ (XBRL‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺷر‬


‫ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺃھﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻲ ﻟﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺩﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺛﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻭﺍ ًء ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻣﺩﺭﺍء ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻳﺭھﺎ ﻭﻳﺟﺏ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭھﺎ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻼءﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻳﻌﺩ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻧﺻﺭﺍً ھﺎﻣﺎ ً ﻭﺣﺎﻓﺯﺍً ﻟﻠﻧﻣﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺩﻳﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻌﺏ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍً‬
‫ﺣﺎﺳﻣﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻭﺛﻭﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺿﻡ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﺟﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﻳﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻧﻭﻙ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻳﺭھﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(http://knol.google.com/k‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺳﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺗﺟﺎھﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺩ ﺗﺣﺩﻱ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﻳﻥ ﻳﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻟﺏ ﻭﻧﻣﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﺃﻧﻣﺎﻁ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻼءﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﺔ ﺑﻭﺳﺎﺋﻁ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺋﻡ ﻟﻣﺣﺗﻭﻯ ﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺗﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﺭﺍﺳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺻﻭﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺩﺛﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﺷﺭ ﻣﺛﻝ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻣﺷـﺎﻛﻝ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃھﻣﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔـﺔ ﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻷﺧﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ PDF‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺧﺭ‬
‫ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺻﻳﻐﺔ ‪ WORD‬ﺃﻭ‪ HTML‬ﺃﻭ ‪ . EXEL‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺻﻌﻭﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻯ ھﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺻﻳﻎ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻭھﺫﺍ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺑﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻭﺿﻌﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻥ ﻣﺣﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﻟﺗﺑﻧـﻲ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻭء ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫‪ XML‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﺑـﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﺷﺎء ﻟـﻐﺔ ﻣﺭﻧﺔ ﻟﻭﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ً ﻭﻧﺷﺭھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻛﺑﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺃﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ " XBRL " extensible Business Reporting Language‬ﻭﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻣﺗﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ‪ XBRL‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻝ ﻟﻼﻣﺗﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﺭﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻛﻳﻳﻔﻪ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻱ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﻔﻭءﺓ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺑﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺟﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(/http://www.xbrl.org/SpecRecommendations‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﻭﺭﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﻧﺻﻭﺹ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﻭﻣﺎ‪،‬ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﺩ ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺗﻬﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺟﻝ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺷﺭھﺎ ﻋﺑﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ‬
‫)‪ (AICPA‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺳﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻣﺎﻝ‪،‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺳﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻳﻎ ﻣﺗﻧﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻧﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺳﺗﻣﻛﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺗﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﻼﺹ ﻣﻭﺛﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ‪( http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/ ).‬‬

‫‪١٨٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻛﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺏ ﺗﺩﺭﺟﺕ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫)‪ Electronic Data Interactive (EDI‬ﺇﻟﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻊ ‪extensible‬‬
‫)‪ Financial Reporting Language (EFRL‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ )‪ (XBRL‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺃھﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪ Excel‬ﻭﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﻲ‪ PowerPoint‬ﻓﺿﻼً ﻋﻥ ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻓﻳﺩﻳﻭ‬
‫ﻟﺗﻭﺿﻳﺢ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺇﻧﺟﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺻﺎﺩﻕ‪. ( ٢:٢٠١٠:‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺣﻅ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻳﺱ ھﻧﺎﻙ ﺗﻌﺭﻳﻔﺎً ﻭﺍﺿﺣﺎً ﻭﻣﺣﺩﺩﺍً ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ)‪( XBRL‬‬
‫ﺑﻝ ھﻧﺎﻙ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻑ ﻋﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ : ١‬ﺃﻧﻬﺎ "ﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭ ھﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ‪ XML‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎء ﺗﻌﺭﻳﻑ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪( Burnett, et. al,2006,p.33‬‬
‫‪ : ٢‬ھﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺣﺩﺙ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ‬
‫‪(http://www.microsofttranslator.com ./).‬‬
‫‪ : ٣‬ﺃﻧﻬﺎ "ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ"‪ ،‬ﺗﺷﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ) ‪Extensible Markup Language‬‬
‫‪ ،(XML‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﻧﺻﻭﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﻗﺔ ) ‪Hypertext Markup Language‬‬
‫‪ ،(HTML‬ﺻﻣﻣﺕ ﺧﺻﻳﺻﺎ ً ﻟﻠﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ‪ tages‬ﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﻣﻌﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪( Plumlee et.al, 2008, p. 356‬‬
‫‪: ٤‬ﺗﻌﺩ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺗﻬﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺟﻝ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺷﺭھﺎ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ)ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻝ‪(٢٠٣:٢٠٠٩:‬‬
‫‪ : ٥‬ھﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ‪ XML‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﻭﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻭﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺭﺍﺋﺢ ﺑﻌﺩﺓ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪ ) .‬ﺍﻟﺻﺎﺩﻕ ‪(٣:٢٠١٠:‬‬
‫‪ : ٦‬ھﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ‪ XML‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺗﻳﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺷﺭ )ﺑﺄﻧﻣﺎﻁ ﻣﺗﻧﻭﻋﺔ( ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻳﺋﺔ ﻛﺷﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻛﺗﺳﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫( ‪)http://www.ameinfo.com/ar-50388.html‬‬
‫‪ : ٧‬ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻭﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺭﺍﺋﺢ ﺑﻌﺩﺓ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪()http://oossaa33.blogspot.com/2010/05/xbrl.html .‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺗﻌﺩ ﻟﻐﺔ)‪ (XBRL‬ﺃﺣﺩ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ XML‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺭﻛﺯ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻭﺻﻑ ‪ /‬ﺗﻣﻳﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻟﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺣﺩﺩ ﺩﻟﻳﻝ ‪ XBRL‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻧﺩﺍﺕ‪/‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫‪Taxonomies‬ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﺿﻼً ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺑﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻬﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻭﻭﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻳﺯﺓ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻭھﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪١٨٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭم ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﺳﻭﺍء‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﺩﻡ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ‬
‫)‪( http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺷرﻛﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ : ١‬ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ‪ XBRL‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻊ‪،‬ﻭھﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻛﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻝ ﻭﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻧﺗﻅﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻣﺗﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪،‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺈﺩﺧﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٢‬ﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪،‬ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻳﺟﺎﺩ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻳﺟﺎﺩ ﺗﻧﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺗﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٣‬ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻣﻼﺋﻡ ﻳﺗﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٤‬ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٥‬ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٦‬ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﻭﺩﻳﺎ ﻭﺃﻓﻘﻳﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎھﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﻭﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﻳﻘﺿﻭﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻐﺭﺍﻕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻭﻓﺭھﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻠﻭﻥ‪،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﺍﺣﺗﻣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﺄ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺑﺩﻳﺩ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻁﻭﻳﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻭﺣﺗﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺟﻣﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺣﻭﻝ ﻳﺩﻭﻳﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺩ ‪ XBRL‬ﻣﻌﻳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻳﺩﻋﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻧﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻳﺔ ‪ GAAP‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ‪ . IFRS‬ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﺟﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻳﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪( http://www.xbrl.org/) :‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺳﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﻣﻭﺛﻭﻕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻬﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺗﺑﺭ ﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ)‪ (AICPA‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻣﺎﻝ ‪،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺇﻁﺎﺭﺍ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺻﻳﻎ ﻣﺗﻧﻭﻋﺔ ﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﻭﺻﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻣﻼﺋﻡ ‪،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺳﺗﻣﻛﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‬
‫ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺳﻳﺎ ﻭﺃﻓﻘﻳﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ )‪(http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ھﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ XBRL‬ﺳﻳﻛﻭﻥ ھﻧﺎﻙ ﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻣﻌﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﻠﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻧﻅﺭﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ XBRL‬ﺗﻘﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻳﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺩﻭﻳﺎً ﻭﺗﺭﺟﻣﺗﻬﺎ‪(http://www.xbrl.org/SpecRecommendations).‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺗﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ ) ‪ (AICPA‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭھﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻺﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ ) ‪AICPA, 2009, I,‬‬
‫‪( p.18, II, p.35‬‬

‫‪١٨٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭم ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫‪-‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺷرﻛﺎﺕ‬


‫‪ : ١‬ﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺷﺭ ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﺿﻼ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٢‬ﺗﺳﺎھﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٣‬ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺑﻁ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٤‬ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻧﺗﻅﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻝ ﻟﻠﺗﻭﺳﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﻷﻛﺑﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﺎھﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻭﺑﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﻠﻳﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺗﻣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺷﻳﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭھﻧﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻁﺭﻕ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ، XBRL‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺣﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ‪) :‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﺻﺎﺩﻕ‪(٣٧-٣٦:٢٠١٠ :‬‬
‫‪ : ١‬ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﻣﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ XBRL‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻳﺢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭھﺫﺍ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺭﻳﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻳﺎﻛﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ‪ tages‬ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻳﺯﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٢‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﺭﻳﻁﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻡ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﺭﻣﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ‪ XBRL‬ﻳﺗﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩھﺎ ﺧﺻﻳﺻﺎً ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٣‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛﻝ‬
‫‪ XBRL،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻭء ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ‪ XBRL،‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﻁﺭﻑ ﺛﺎﻟﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻳﻐﺔ ‪.XBRL‬‬
‫‪ :٤‬ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﻝ‪ web‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ‪ XBRL،‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃﻣﺛﻠﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﻣﻰ ‪ EDGAR،‬ﻭﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﻑء ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻏﻭﺏ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻣﺎ ﺳﺑﻕ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ XBRL‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻝ ﻟﻼﻣﺗﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﺭﻥ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻛﻳﻳﻔﻪ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻱ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﻔﻭءﺓ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺑﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺟﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺇ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬ﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ XBRL‬ﺑﺈﺗﺎﺣﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻘﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻛﻣﺑﻳﻭﺗﺭ ﻭﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺑﻧﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻟﻣﻛﻌﺑﺎﺕ ﻧﺻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺳﻳﻁﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻓﻬﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻳﺎ ً ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻛﻣﺑﻳﻭﺗﺭ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪– ٣‬ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ‪ XBRL‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﺃﻓﺿﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺇﻧﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺟﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٨٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭم ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﻳﺗﻳﺢ ‪ XBRL‬ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﻊ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻳﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﺩﻭﻳﺎ ً ﻭﺗﺭﺟﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻳﺢ ﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺑﻭﻗﺕ ﻣﺛﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﻗﺻﻳﺭ ﺟﺩﺍً‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻅﺭﺍً ﻟﺗﻭﺣﻳﺩ ﻧﻣﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺧﺻﻳﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺿﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪(http://xbrl.org/BenefitsAndUses‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻣﻳﺯ ‪ XBRL‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺗﺳﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻐﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻧﺳﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺗﺭﺟﻣﺗﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ً ﺑﺳﺭﻋﺗﻪ ﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﻧﺗﻅﻡ ﻭﺑﺟﻬﺩ ﺃﻗﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺳﺭﺩھﺎ ﺑﻭﺿﻭﺡ ﺗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺎﻓﺱ ﺍﻷﻓﺿﻝ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺭﺍﺗﻳﺟﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺗﻣﻧﺢ ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ XBRL‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭ ﻓﺭﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻓﺿﻝ ﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺑﻧﻣﻁ ‪ pdf.‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻥ ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺗﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺳﻳﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺭﺍء ﺃﻭ ﺑﻳﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺄﻭﺭﺍﻗﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺗﻳﺢ ‪ XBRL‬ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭ ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻷﺧﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻁﺑﻊ ﻳﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﺈﺟﺭﺍء ﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻭﺑﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻔﻅ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺟﻌﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻓﺳﺔ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻠﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺗﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ‪ XBRL‬ﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺩ ﻣﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻳﻥ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﺷﺭھﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ھﺫﺍ ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟرﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺧدﻣﺎﺕ إﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﮭﺎم ﻣرﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯾﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎرﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗرﻭﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻭﺗﺧﺯﻥ ﻭﺗﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﻅﻬﺭ ﻣﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻧﺗﺷﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻟﻠﻧﻅﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻗﺗﻧﺎء ﻭﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ﺃﺣﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺩﺍﻓﻌﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻳﺎ ﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ ﻭﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺋﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﺳﺭﻉ ﻭﺃﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺋﻝ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺣﻣﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﻣﻥ ﻭﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ) .‬ﺍﻟﺑﺣﻳﺻﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻳﻑ ‪(٨٩٦، ٢٠٠٨ :‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﺋﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﺃﺳﺑﺎﺏ ﺗﺭﺍھﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻣﻭﻓﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺔ ﻗﺩ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺷﺧﺻﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺃﻳﺎ ﻣﻥ ھﺅﻻء ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺩﺕ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻧﺔ ﻭﻗﻠﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﻏﻳﺭھﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺩﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭم ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺣﺩﺛﺕ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﻬﻣﺕ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻺﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻱ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃھﻡ ﻓﻭﺍﺋﺩ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻳﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻗﻌﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻋﺭﺿﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩﻳﻥ ‪،‬ﻭﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺻﺢ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻣﺳﺎﺕ ﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺭﺋﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺗﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻣﻛﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻌﻣﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩﻳﻥ ‪،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺧﻳﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﻼﺋﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻟﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻝ ‪(١٩٥:٢٠٠٩:‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻺﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﻟﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺿﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ھﻲ ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩھﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ھﻭ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺑﻝ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺁﺧﺭﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺑﺭﺍء ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻣﺩﻯ ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺗﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺷﻛﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺳﻭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺭﺳﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺩﻗﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺻﻌﺏ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺻﺣﺗﻬﺎ ‪).‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﻭھﺎﺏ‪(١٩:٢٠٠٥:‬‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺗﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺗﻌﺑﺭ ﺑﺻﺩﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍھﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻔﺗﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺑﺭ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻣﻥ ﺳﻼﻣﺗﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﺗﺻﻑ ﺑﺄﻛﺑﺭ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺯﺯ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻓﺣﺻﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‬
‫ﻳﻭﻓﺭ ﺭﺃﻳﺎ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻼ ﺑﺷﺄﻥ ﻋﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺭﺭ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻳﺎﻥ ﻷﺻﺣﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭھﻧﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﺣﻭﻝ ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺃھﻣﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻝ‪(٢١١:٢٠٠٩:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻧﺷﺭ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﺔ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻭﻳﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺗﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺭﺽ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﺯﺋﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﺧﺻﺔ ‪،‬ﻗﺩ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺑﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺧﺎﻁﺊ ﻟﻠﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺭﺅﻳﺗﻬﻡ ﻟﺗﻔﺎﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺻﻳﺎﻏﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﺋﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻳﻥ ﻭﺃﺻﺣﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﻟﺢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﺭﺽ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺏ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﻧﺣﺎﺯﺓ ﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻣﺣﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻋﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺣﺛﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃھﻡ ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺗﺭﺣﺔ ﻹﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪) :‬ﺃﺑﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻡ‪(٢٦-٢٠٠١:١:‬‬

‫‪١٨٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭم ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﺧﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﺔ ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺳﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺑﻳﻥ ﻛﻳﻑ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺛﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – ٣‬ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺫﻛﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻟﺗﺳﻬﻝ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻷﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ‪،‬ﻣﺛﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﻗﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻲ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻳﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﺯﻳﻳﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﺑﺎﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ھﻧﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻁ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺇﻥ ﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ﻳﻧﻭﻱ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻋﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﻳﺗﻡ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻥ ﻣﻧﻁﻠﻕ ﺣﻘﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻳﺯﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺑﻌﺩﺓ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺭﺍء ﺷﺗﻰ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺿﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺳﺎھﻣﺕ ﺑﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻧﻣﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺻﻔﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪،.‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺻﺎﺣﺏ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋﻕ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺧﻭﻑ ﻭﻗﻠﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻬﻠﻛﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻳﻥ ﻋﺑﺭ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ‪،‬ﻗﺎﻣﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻬﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ .‬ﻳﺑﻳﻥ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﺭﻙ ‪،‬ﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﻏﺑﺔ ﺑﺗﻭﻛﻳﻝ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ‪،‬ﺍﻹﻟﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﻅﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻭ ﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺛﻭﻗﻳﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﻣﺩﺧﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺧﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺻﻔﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪(٥١٧:٢٠٠٨:‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻓﺟﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﺣﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺟﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍء ﻋﺑﺭ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻭﻳﺭﺟﻊ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺻﻔﺔ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﻭﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻼء‬
‫ﻭﻳﺗﺭﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻁ ﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻭھﻲ ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺑﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻲ ﺧﻠﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪).‬ﻟﻁﻔﻲ‪( ٧- ٨٣:٢٠٠٥:‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ھﻧﺎﻙ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻭﺿﻊ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺗﺅﻛﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺻﺎﺣﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺅﻛﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﻭﺯ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻣﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺻﻳﺑﻬﻡ ﺃﺿﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺻﺣﻳﺣﺔ ﺻﺩﺭﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫‪).‬ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﻭھﺎﺏ ‪(١٩:٢٠٠٥:‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻼﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻭﺛﻭﻕ ﻓﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺩﻗﻳﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﻭﻝ ‪،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺧﺿﻊ ﻟﻠﻔﺣﺹ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺩ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻼﻡ ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺁﻧﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺗﺷﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺷﻣﻝ‬

‫‪١٨٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺣﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻸﺧﻁﺎء ‪،‬ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺿﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻭﺛﻭﻕ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﺩﺍﺩھﻡ ﺑﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺣﻕ ﺑﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺷﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺫﻟﻙ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻌﺩ ﻳﻘﺗﺻﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﺑﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻝ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺩﻡ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻩ ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﻣﺳﺋﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻟﻔﺋﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺑﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎھﻣﻳﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪AICP Special committee ١٩٩٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ ‪ Assurance services‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﻬﺩﻑ ھﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺣﺗﻭﺍھﺎ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ھﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺿﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺳﺎھﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩھﺎ ﺑﺩﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻳﺻﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄﺓ ‪/ ) .‬‬
‫‪(http://infotechaccountants.com‬‬
‫ﻭﻷھﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻭﺿﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﺷﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﺩﺙ ﻛﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ ) ‪ ( AICPA‬ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﺑﻛﻧﺩﺍ‬
‫)‪ (CICA‬ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ھﻲ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ‪ ، System Trust‬ﻭﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺏ ‪ Web Trust‬ﻭھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻛﺎﺗﺏ ﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺧﺹ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﺑﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩﻳﻥ‪( www.aicpa.org.).‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺗﻳﻥ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻊ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗﺿﻣﻧﺕ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺗﻳﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻭﺋﻬﻣﺎ ﻭﺗﺗﺿﻣﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭھﺎ ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻣﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻟﻠﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﺷﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻭﺍﻓﺭھﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻭﺍء ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ھﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻣﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻭھﻲ ‪:‬ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻡ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻠﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺷﺭھﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﻛﻠﻳﻑ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺑﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺻﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺭﺃﻱ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺭﻏﺑﺔ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ھﻲ ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻧﺷﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺗﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺩﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ھﻭ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺻﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﻓﻌﻠﻳﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻛﻠﻳﻑ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺇﻧﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺭﻏﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ‪ Web Trust Seal‬ﻋﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٩٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻭﺧﺎﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﺭﻣﺯﺍ ﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺧﺹ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻣﻧﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺗﺩﻗﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭﺍ ﻳﺅﻛﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ّ ﺧﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﻧﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺗﻌﺭﻳﻔﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻛﻲ ﻳﺗﺻﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﺗﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺑﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ " ﻣﺩﻳﺭ ﺧﺎﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ‬
‫"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﻠﺧﺻﺎ ﻟﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﻣﻧﺢ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﻭھﺎﺏ ‪(٢٨:٢٠٠٥:‬‬
‫‪ :١‬ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺩﺍء ﻣﻬﻣﺗﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺈﺗﺑﺎﻉ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺳﻠﻳﻡ ﻳﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺅﻛﺩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻣﺎ ﺗﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﻋﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٢‬ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻣﻧﺢ ﺧﺎﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺑﻣﻧﺢ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻭﺍﻓﺭﺕ ﻟﺩﻳﻪ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺷﻬﺭﻳﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺗﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ھﻧﺎﻙ ﺗﻛﻠﻳﻑ ﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻟﻠﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻠﻳﻑ‬
‫ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺑﺩﺃ ﺑﺎﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﻔﺗﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻣﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺃﻗﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٤‬ﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺷﻣﻝ ﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺗﻠﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺣﺩﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ‬
‫‪Web Trust Seal‬‬
‫‪ :٥‬ﻗﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻥ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ ) ﺧﺎﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ( ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺻﻼﺣﻳﺗﻬﺎ ﺳﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭھﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺳﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻳﻭﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺗﻣﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺻﻼﺣﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺃﺟﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻭﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ھﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭھﻝ ﺳﻳﺗﺭﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺧﺎﺗﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺟﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻝ ﺃھﻡ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻭﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫‪ Web Trust‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ‪.Sys Trust‬‬

‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣوﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﯾﻝ ‪:‬‬


‫ﻗﺩﻡ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ) ‪ (AICPA‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﻧﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﻳﻥ)‪ (CICA‬ﺧﺗﻡ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻹﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻳﻪ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺿﻳﻑ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺿﻣﺎﻧﺎ ﻷﻣﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻳﻪ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺿﻣﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺗﻰ ﻳﺣﺻﻝ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺩﻳﻕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻧﺷﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫‪١٩١‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺳﻳﻁﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ﺃﻣﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﺣﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻏﻳﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻧﻲ‪) .‬ﻟﻁﻔﻲ‪(٨٥٧ -٨٥٥:٢٠٠٥:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﻭﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻣﺯﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺷﺄﻥ ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺗﻣﺷﻲ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻋﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻠﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺑﺻﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺋﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺟﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺻﺣﺔ ﻣﺯﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﺳﺗﻳﻔﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ھﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺑﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﻣﻧﺢ ﺧﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ھﻭ ﻣﺯﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺻﺢ ﻋﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻅﻡ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻋﻡ ﺳﺗﺗﺭﻛﺯ ﺑﺻﻔﺔ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(http://infotechaccountants.com‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺻﻭﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺋﺭﻳﻥ ﻟﻠﻣﻭﻗﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺗﺄھﻳﻝ ﻭﺗﺩﺭﻳﺏ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫‪،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺻﻳﺎﻏﺔ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻬﻠﻛﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃھﻡ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻧﺷﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﻭﺻﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﻛﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﺧﺻﻭﺹ ﺍﺳﺗﻔﺳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺈﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻛﺗﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻁﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎﻗﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺈﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺅﻛﺩ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺳﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ‪ :‬ﺧدﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﻛﯾد ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧظﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬


‫ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭھﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺗﻭﺍﻓﺭھﺎ ﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺣﺩﺩھﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻬﺩﺍﻥ ﻭھﻲ ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻣﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﻳﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺗدﻗﯾق ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬
‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﻟﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﻟﻠﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻓﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺩﺭﺟﺕ ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺷﻐﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺗﻔﺎﻅﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺏ ﺗﺩﺭﺟﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻭﺻﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﺿﺭﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﻧﻅﻣﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺛﻡ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪) .‬ﻟﻁﻔﻲ ‪(٧ -٣٤:٢٠٠٥ :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻧﻬﺞ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻣﻛﺗﻭﺏ ﻭﻟﻳﺱ ﺭﺃﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻭﻝ ﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﺎ ﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺗﺣﺕ ﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ‬

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‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎھﻣﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﻳﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻓﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﻗﺻﻳﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻣﻭﺿﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻳﻌﺩ ﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻬﺟﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻋﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻘﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺇﺻﺩﺍﺭھﺎ ﺁﻧﻳﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﻗﺻﻳﺭﺓ ﺯﻣﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻷﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺑﻁﺔ ﺑﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻋﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭھﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻳﻬﺗﻡ ﺑﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ ﻟﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳّﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛ ّﻲ )‪ (AICPA‬ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳّﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﻧﺩﻱّ )‪ (CICA‬ﺑﺈﻧﺷﺎء ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﻣﺷﺗﺭﻙ ﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳّﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(Web Trust‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺿﻡ ھﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ ﺿﻣﻥ ﻓﻘﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻠﺧﻳﺻﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‪(Exposure Draft AICPA/CICA:2002) :‬‬
‫أوﻻً ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎدﺉ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻣﺑﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ )‪ :(Security‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻣﺣﻣﻳﺎ ً ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺭﺍﻗﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﺡ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﺑﺩﺃ ﺟﺎھﺯﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ )‪ :(Availability‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺟﺎھﺯﺍً ﻟﻠﻌﻣﻝ ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻠﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﺑﺩﺍً ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ )‪ :(Processing Integrity‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻡ ﺗﺟﻬﻳﺯھﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﺗﻳﺔ ﻣﺻﺭﺣﺎ ً ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﺑﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﻭﺻﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ )‪ :(Online Privacy‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳّﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺗﻣﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻭﻉ ﻟﺗﺄﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﻭﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻣﺑﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﺔ )‪ :(Confidentiality‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺭﻳﺔ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺗﻣﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﺔ ﻟﺗﺄﻣﻳﻥ ﺳﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ ً ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻌﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ )‪ :(Policies‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺭﺑﻁ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺧﺻﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻌﻳﺎﺭ ﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ )‪ (Communications‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺑﺟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺭﺑﻁ‬
‫ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺧﺻﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﻌﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ )‪ (Procedures‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﺗﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺅھﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺃھﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻣﺎﺷﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃھﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﻌﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ )‪ :(Monitoring‬ﻭﻳﻧﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﻧﻅﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺣﺫﺭ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺗﻣﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ‪ Web Trust‬ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(http://infotechaccountants.com‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺃﺩﺍء ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻳﺗﻡ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ )ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ (ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺅھﻝ ﻭﻣﻌﺗﻣﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺧﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺇﻋﻁﺎءﻩ ﻟﻠﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺅھﻝ ﺑﺄﺩﺍء‬
‫ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺍﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺗﻔﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺑﻁﺔ ﺑﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳﺽ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ‪ Trust‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻔﻳﺩ ﺇﻋﻁﺎء ﺍﻟﺧﺗﻡ ﻟﻠﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوﻡ ﺍﻹدﺍرﯾﺔ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬ﺍﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﺍﻹدﺍرﺓ وﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﻳﺗﻡ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻛﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺅھﻠﻳﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ‬
‫‪ CICA‬ﻭ ‪ AICPA‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺩﻋﻳﻡ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻧﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻌﻼ ﻭﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﻣﻧﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺗﻰ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪ Web Trust‬ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺄﺩﺍء ﺍﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻣﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻳﺷﻣﻝ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻌﻼ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﺩﻳﻪ ﺇﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺳﻠﻳﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻳﺣﺗﺭﻡ ﺧﺻﻭﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻣﺎ ﺳﺑﻕ ﻳﺗﺿﺢ ‪:‬‬


‫‪ . ١‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃھﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻌﻝ ﺃھﻡ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻭﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ . ٢‬ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺩ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺗﺄھﻳﻝ ﺃﻧﻔﺳﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻊ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻭھﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﺿﺎً ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻭھﻧﺎﻙ ﺗﺣﺩ ﻳﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻬﻧﺔ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻳﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻧﻬﺎ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻛﻔﻝ ﺿﻣﺎﻥ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ . ٤‬ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻱ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﺑﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺑﺈﺗﺑﺎﻉ ﺃﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺗﺑﺩﺃ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺱ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ‬
‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﺟﻭء ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﺣﻳﺙ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﺑﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺟﺯ ﺃﻭﻻً ﺑﺄﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ . ٥‬ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻳﺩ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﺃﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺿﻳﻳﻕ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﻭﺛﻐﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺵ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺭﺍﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪. ٦‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻘﻭﻳﻡ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﺿﻰ ﺑﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻑ ﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﻭﺍﻛﺗﺷﺎﻑ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ‪:‬‬

‫‪.١‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ھﻲ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻣﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻕ ﺑﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺷﺗﻰ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻛﺑﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﻁﻠﺑﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺳﺩﻳﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻼﻡ ﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٩٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوم اﻹدارﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬اﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹدارﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎح ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺎﻣﺕ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻳﺣﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺋﺩ ﺃھﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺩﺩ ﻻﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺿﻼ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻭﺣﻔﻅ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﻣﺗﺧﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ‬
‫ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎح ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﻭﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ ﺗﻭﺍﻓﺭھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺗﻌﺩ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ‪ XBRL‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺑﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ‪ XML‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﻭﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺭﺍﺋﺢ ﺑﻌﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺷﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﺿﻼ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻭﺑﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﻠﻳﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺗﻣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺷﻳﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻼﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻳﺋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻭﺛﻭﻕ ﻓﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺩﻗﻳﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺣﻘﻕ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﻭﻝ ‪،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺧﺿﻊ ﻟﻠﻔﺣﺹ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺩ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻼﻡ ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺁﻧﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺗﺷﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺗﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻭﻛﻳﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻗﻕ ﻣﺳﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ھﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺋﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺑﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎھﻣﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺗﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﺩﺍﺙ ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺟﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃھﻡ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻭﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫‪ Web Trust‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ‪.Sys Trust‬‬
‫‪ .١٠‬ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻳﺩ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﺃﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺿﻳﻳﻕ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﻭﺛﻐﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺵ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺭﺍﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺇﺑﺭﺍھﻳﻡ ﻁﻪ ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﻭھﺎﺏ) ‪، ( ٢٠٠٥‬ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺑﻊ ‪،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﻳﻼﺩﻟﻔﻳﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻌﻳﺩ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺻﺎﺩﻕ )‪، (٢٠١٠‬ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻛﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻌﺔ ‪XBRL‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺎ ً‪ ،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺑﺣﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻛﻧﺩﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٩٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوم اﻹدارﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻣﺟﻠد ‪ / ٧ -‬اﻟﻌدد – ‪٢٠١١ / ٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹدارﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﺣﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻥ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﺎﺯ ﻭﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺑﻥ ﻓﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﺭﻱ )‪ (٢٠٠٧‬ﺃﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻳﺩﺍﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻛﺎﺗﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﻭﺩﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻙ‬
‫ﻋﺑﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﻳﺯ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻡ ‪ ٢١‬ﻉ ‪٢.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺁﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺩﻩ )‪ ،(٢٠٠٩‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻣﻭح ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﺷﺭ ﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﻭﺩﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺃﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﻟﻁﻔﻲ )‪ (٢٠٠٥‬ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻭﻟﻣﺔ ﺃﺳﻭﺍﻕ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻝ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻛﻧﺩﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺃﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﻟﻁﻔﻲ )‪ ، (٢٠٠٥‬ﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻛﻧﺩﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺗﻭﻓﻳﻕ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻝ) ‪،(٢٠٠٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺛﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎھﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﻌﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻙ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻳﺯ ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ‪،‬ﻡ‪،٢٣‬ﻋﺩﺩ‪٢.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻭﻡ )‪،( ٢٠١٠‬ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﻣﻳﻛﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪٧.‬‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ھﺎﺷﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻘﺎ )‪ ،(٢٠١٠‬ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎھﻳﺭﻱ‪٢٠١٠./٦ / ٤ — ١ .‬‬
‫‪ .١٠‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﷲ ﺷﻌﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺗﻳﺑﻲ)‪(٢٠٠٥‬ﻧﺣﻭ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺗﺭح ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﺳﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻟﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﻳﻭﻁ ‪،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﻳﻭﻁ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ‪٢٢.‬‬
‫‪ .١١‬ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻳﻡ ﻣﺗﻭﻟﻲ)‪" ، (١٩٩٨‬ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﻳﺔ ﻻﺳﺗﻁﻼﻉ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻳﺔ" ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻳﺔ –‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻣﻭﻳﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻁﻧﻁﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢‬ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺩ ﻣﺻﻁﻔﻰ )‪ (٢٠٠١‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺣﻠﻳﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻳﺑﻳﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺻﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ – ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ ﻟﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻛﻧﺩﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﺕ ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺍﺋﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺧﻝ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺻﺭ ﻭﺗﺣﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺷﺭﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣‬ﻋﺻﺎﻡ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﻳﺻﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺷﻌﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻳﻑ )‪ ، (٢٠٠٨‬ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﻧﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻳﺔ )ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﻳﺔ( ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺷﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺷﺭﻳﻑ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﻕ)‪" ، (١٩٩٨‬ﺗﻭﻅﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ )ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ( ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺻﺎح ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ" ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺳﺗﺭﺍﺗﻳﺟﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺗﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻧﺎﻓﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻗﺎﺯﻳﻕ ‪٢ ،‬‬
‫– ‪ ٣‬ﻧﻭﻓﻣﺑﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺷﺭﻳﻑ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﻕ )‪ ، (٢٠٠٢‬ﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻓﻲ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻛﻧﺩﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ٢٧ – ٢٥ ،‬ﻳﻭﻟﻳﻭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦‬ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻓﻬﻳﻡ ﺃﺑﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻡ)‪ (٢٠٠١‬ﻣﺻﺩﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺣﺩﻭﺩ ﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫‪،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪١.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧‬ﻣﺣﻣﻭﺩ ﺫﻧﻭﻥ ﻋﺻﻔﻭﺭ ﻭھﻳﺛﻡ ﻣﻣﺩﻭح ﺃﻟﻌﺑﺎﺩﻱ )‪، (٢٠٠٨‬ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺛﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺄﻣﻳﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪ ٧٠‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨‬ﻭﻓﻳﻕ ﺣﻠﻣﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﺎ )‪ ، (٢٠٠٥‬ﺇﺑﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﻣﺗﻐﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺯھﺭ – ﻏﺯﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٩‬ھﻳﺛﻡ ﺃﺣﻣﺩ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻌﻡ )‪ ،(٢٠٠٥‬ﺍﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺛﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺩﻗﻳﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺱ"ﺍﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻧﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻳﺗﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪20. Ashbaugh, H., Johnstone, K.M. & Warfield, T.D. (1999), Corporate reporting‬‬
‫‪on the internet. Accounting Horizons 13(3).‬‬
‫‪21. AICPA, New XBRL Taxonomy for IFRS Released for public comment, Journal‬‬
‫‪of Accountancy Jan. 2009, I .‬‬

‫‪١٩٦‬‬
٢٠١١ / ٢٣ – ‫ اﻟﻌدد‬/ ٧ - ‫ اﻟﻣﺟﻠد‬/ ‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوم اﻹدارﯾﺔ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻹدارﺓ واﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬- ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛرﯾﺕ‬

22. AICPA XBRL U.S. GAAP Tages New Aligned to FASB Accounting
Codification, Journal of Accountancy, Aug. 2009, II.
23. Burnett, Royce D., et. al, Financial Reports: Why you Need XBRL, Journal of
corporate Accounting & Finance, Jul./Aug. 2006.
24. Debreceny, Roger S., et. Al., Financial Reporting in XBRL on the SEC's
EDGAR System: A Critique & Evaluation Journal of Information systems, n.
19, 2005.
25. Exposure Draft, AICPA/CICA, (2002) “Trust Services Principles and Criteria,
Incorporating Sys trust and Web trust”, Version 1.0, American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants, Inc. online available.
26. Oyelere, P. B., Laswad, F. & Fisher, R. (2003). Determinants of Internet
Financial Reporting by New Zealand Companies. Journal of International
Financial Management and Accounting.
27. Fitzsimons, A., and Shoaf, V., "FASB Studies the Electronic Reporting of
Business Information", Commercial Lending Review, fall 2000.
28. www. Blueniletadepoint. Com / arabisite / e-comers / arabicindex-copy.
29. www.isaca.org/glossary.htm
30. http://www.drabid.net/ecommerce1.htm
31. www.iawmag.co.ae
32. www .Syrian ed .com.
33.http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName =
34. http://informatics.gov.sa/
35.www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php.
36. http://www.xbrl.org/SpecRecommendations
37.http://xbrl.org/BenefitsAndUses.
38. http://infotechaccountants.com.
39. http://knol.google.com/k
40. http://www.microsofttranslator.com
41. http://www.ameinfo.com/ar-50388.html
42. http://oossaa33.blogspot.com/2010/05/xbrl.html
. www.aicpa.org43.

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