NilabhaDas 1 Report2

Report 2
Nilabha Das
01/12/2020
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MRM-Task Phase
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ECS
Voltage Divider
A Voltage Divider is a simple circuit arrangement that

gives us an output which is some fraction of the total voltage input
into it. A very simple voltage divider can be a circuit with suitable
resistances and a suitable battery which produces a value of potential
difference across the resistances, as seen from ohms law. They can be
used to produce reference voltages, tune down a voltage into a
measurable one or attenuate a signal for examination. In some
applications a capacitive, inductive voltage divider or an RC filter may
also be used.
A resistive voltage divider Applications of Voltage Divider

takes three known values, the Sensor measurement
Input voltage and the two
resistances across which the
High voltage measurement
output voltage is controlled. Adjusting the level of a signal
V(out) = V(in)* A Resistive Voltage Divider

(Racross)/Racross+Rsecondary
A capacitive/inductive
voltage divider only allows
AC output and the output
voltage is given by
V(out) = V(in)*
(C/Lacross)/C/Lacross+C/Lsecondary
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Grounding and Earthing
In grounding, the current carrying parts are directly connected to the ground.
The grounding provides the return path for the leakage current and hence protect the power system
equipment from damage. In a circuit, grounding is primarily used for unbalancing when the electric
system overloads. We have a point that is at zero potential with respect to the rest of the circuit and
provide the return path to the current.
Grounding in a Circuit Earthing in a Circuit
In Earthing, the connection of the non-current carrying part of an equipment is made

to the earth. When a fault occurs in the system, then the potential of the non-current part of the
equipment raises, and when any human or stray animal touch the body of the equipment, then they
may get shocked. Earthing is located under the earth pit, between the equipment body underground,
usually a metal shaft pushed into the soil. Earthing decreases the high potential of electrical
equipment which is caused by a fault and thus protects the human body from the electrical shock.
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Microcontrollers vs Microprocessors
A Microprocessor is a digital computer circuit that sits in an integrated

circuit and is used to accept data, work on it according to set instructions and give a
result. It only contains a CPU (central processing unit) CPU to complete a process. The
interface with other components is done externally. The number of external parts and
the size of the external parts depends on the application. Generally, it connected with
memory elements like RAM and ROM, I/O ports, timers, serial interface, etc. Due to its
customizability, a microprocessor is used in things that are set every time by an
user( the task is not predefined ), for example in a laptop where multiple tasks can be
given by different users. The microprocessors are run at high clock speeds. It has
higher ram size than a microcontroller. The clock speed of a microprocessor is in the
range of 1 GHz to 4 GHz.
A microcontroller is a tiny computer that sits on an integrated circuit. A

microcontroller contains one or more CPUs along with memory and programmable
input/output peripherals. Program memory is also often included on chip, as well as a
small amount of RAM. It is used in cases requiring the same operation again and again,
like an ac remote or a modem which always work according to the same routine. The
amount of memory in microcontrollers is quite less compared to microprocessors.
In case of microcontroller, high clock speed is not required. In microcontroller the
RAM, ROM and other components cannot be modified. Once a controller is designed
the structure is fixed. The clock speed for microcontrollers is in the range of 1 MHz to
300 MHz.
Sources :
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1. Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_divider
2. Wikipedia – Picture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_divider#/media/File:Impedance_voltage
_divider.svg
3. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/voltage-dividers/all#:~:text=A%20voltage
%20divider%20is%20a,most%20fundamental%20circuits%20in%20electronics.
4. https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-grounding-and-earthing.html
5. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-earthing-and-
grounding
6. https://components101.com/articles/difference-between-microprocessor-and-
microcontroller#:~:text=Microcontroller%20and%20Microprocessor%20both
%20terms,with%20the%20CPU%20or%20processor.
7. Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_(computing)
8. Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor
9. Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontroller
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Report 2

A Voltage Divider is a simple circuit arrangement that

A resistive voltage divider Applications of Voltage Divider

V(out) = V(in)* A Resistive Voltage Divider

REPORT TITLE PAGE 2

Grounding in a Circuit Earthing in a Circuit

In Earthing, the connection of the non-current carrying part of an equipment is made

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A Microprocessor is a digital computer circuit that sits in an integrated

A microcontroller is a tiny computer that sits on an integrated circuit. A

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