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    First Term Grammar

    Uploaded by

    Galatea Mejia
    The document discusses grammar rules for the present simple, present continuous, zero conditional, first conditional, and second conditional tenses in English. It provides examples of how to form sentences in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative for each tense. Key uses of each tense are also outlined, such as using the present simple to talk about habits, the present continuous to talk about ongoing actions, and conditionals to discuss possible or hypothetical situations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    First Term Grammar

    Uploaded by

    Galatea Mejia
    28 views45 pages
    The document discusses grammar rules for the present simple, present continuous, zero conditional, first conditional, and second conditional tenses in English. It provides examples of how to form sentences in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative for each tense. Key uses of each tense are also outlined, such as using the present simple to talk about habits, the present continuous to talk about ongoing actions, and conditionals to discuss possible or hypothetical situations.

    Original Description:

    Presente simple y pasado simple

    Original Title

    FIRST TERM GRAMMAR

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    The document discusses grammar rules for the present simple, present continuous, zero conditional, first conditional, and second conditional tenses in English. It provides examples of how to form sentences in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative for each tense. Key uses of each tense are also outlined, such as using the present simple to talk about habits, the present continuous to talk about ongoing actions, and conditionals to discuss possible or hypothetical situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views45 pages

    First Term Grammar

    Uploaded by

    Galatea Mejia
    The document discusses grammar rules for the present simple, present continuous, zero conditional, first conditional, and second conditional tenses in English. It provides examples of how to form sentences in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative for each tense. Key uses of each tense are also outlined, such as using the present simple to talk about habits, the present continuous to talk about ongoing actions, and conditionals to discuss possible or hypothetical situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 45

    TOPICS:

    FIRST TERM
    GRAMMAR
    PRESENT SIMPLE
    USE
    It is used to talk about: Real facts, Habits and Routines.

    EXAMPLE: I get up at 6:00 am everyday.


    AFFIRMATIVE

    Add the “S” when the subject is: She, He, It

    Example: Lina plays tennis everyday in the morning.

    Subject + Verb in Present + Complement


    AFFIRMATIVE

    If the subject is: I, You, We,They it’s not necessary to add the
    “S” and the verb is the same.

    Example: They play tennis everyday in the morning.


    NEGATIVE
    Auxiliary verb for:

    She,He,It DOESN’T

    The verb is in the normal way.

    Example: Lina DOESN’T play tennis everyday in the


    morning.

    Subject + Doesn’t + Verb in Present + Complement


    NEGATIVE
    Auxiliary verb for:
    DON’T
    I, You, We, They

    The verb is in the normal way.

    Example: They DON’T play tennis everyday in the morning.

    Subject + Don’t+ Verb in Present + Complement


    INTERROGATIVE
    Auxiliary verb for:

    She,He,It DOES

    The verb is in the normal way.

    Example: DOES Lina play tennis everyday in the morning?

    Does + Subject + Verb in Present + Complement + ?


    INTERROGATIVE
    Auxiliary verb for:
    DON’T
    I, You, We, They

    The verb is in the normal way.

    Example: DO they play tennis everyday in the morning?

    Do + Subject + Verb in Present + Complement + ?


    VERB TO BE
    PRESENT CONTINUOUS
    USE
    It is used to talk about actions that are happening
    at the moment of speaking:

    EXAMPLE: Lina is listening to the radio in this moment.


    PRESENT CONTINUOUS SPELLING RULES

    1. Most verbs add ING: 2. Most verbs ended with Y, add ING:

    Eat – Eating Buy – Buying


    Speak – Speaking Enjoy – Enjoying
    3. Verbs that ended with E, drop the E and add ING:

    Make – Making
    Write – Writing

    4. Verbs that ended with EE, add ING:

    See – Seeing
    Agree – Agreeing
    5. Verbs ended with a consonant preceded by a vowel, double the consonant
    and add ING:

    Swim – Swimming
    Run – Running 6. Do not double the letter if the verb ends in Y or W
    and add ING:

    Buy – Buying
    Snow – Snowing
    6. Verbs ended with IE, change IE to Y, add ING:

    Lie – Lying
    Die – Dying
    VERB TO BE
    AFFIRMATIVE

    Subject + Verb TO BE ( AM / IS / ARE ) +


    Verb in present + ING + Complement

    EXAMPLE:

    We are learning English at this moment.


    NEGATIVE

    Subject + Verb TO BE ( AM / IS / ARE ) + NOT + Verb in present +


    ING + Complement

    EXAMPLE:

    We are not learning English at this moment.


    INTERROGATIVE

    Verb TO BE ( AM / IS / ARE ) + Subject + Verb in


    present + ING + Complement + ?

    EXAMPLE:

    Are we learning English at this moment?


    ZERO CONDITIONAL
    USE
    It’s used to talk about things that are always true such as:

    Scientific facts : If you freeze water, it turns into ice.

    General truths : If you heat water at 100 degrees, it


    boils.
    STRUCTURE
    IF CLAUSE (CONDITION) COMMA MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)

    PRESENT SIMPLE , PRESENT SIMPLE

    If you mix yellow and blue , you get green

    If people don’t eat , they die

    If babies are hungry , they cry


    VERB TO BE
    EXAMPLES

    If it rains, the grass gets wet.

    If the plants don't have enough water, they die.

    If you cross the line, you are in our country.

    If she sleeps well, she rests.


    FIRST CONDITIONAL
    FIRST CONDITIONAL
    USE
    It is used to talk about possible future events and their results.

    EXAMPLE: If it is sunny tomorrow, I will have a picnic.


    STRUCTURE

    IF CLAUSE COMMA MAIN CLAUSE

    PRESENT SIMPLE , FUTURE SIMPLE

    If you study hard , you will pass your


    exams
    VERB TO BE
    FUTURE SIMPLE
    AFFIRMATIVE

    Subject + Will + Verb in present + Complement

    EXAMPLE:

    Luis will buy a car the next year.


    NEGATIVE

    Subject + Won’t + Verb in present + Complement

    EXAMPLE: Luis won’t buy a car the next year.


    INTERROGATIVE

    Will + Subject + Verb in present + Complement + ?

    EXAMPLE: Will Luis buy a car the next year?


    EXAMPLES FIRST CONDITIONAL

    If she wakes up late, she will miss the bus.

    If I don’t have money, I won’t buy a new cell pone.


    VERB TO BE – FIRST CONDITIONAL

    You can use WILL BE with all the subjects:

    I will be
    You will be
    She will be EXAMPLE:
    He will be
    It will be If Daniela doesn’t pass the exam,
    We will be she will be sad.
    They will be
    SECOND CONDITIONAL
    USE
    It is used to talk about impossible or imaginary situations.

    EXAMPLE: If I ate less, I would lose weight.


    STRUCTURE

    IF CLAUSE COMMA MAIN CLAUSE

    PAST SIMPLE , WOULD/WOULDN’T


    + VERB IN
    PRESENT SIMPLE
    ,
    If I won a lot of I would travel
    money around the world.
    PAST SIMPLE - AFFIRMATIVE

    Subject + Verb in past + Complement

    EXAMPLE:

    Luciana worked in her office yesterday.


    PAST SIMPLE – NEGATIVE

    Subject + didn’t + Verb in present + Complement

    EXAMPLE:

    Luciana didn’t work in her office yesterday.


    PAST SIMPLE – INTERROGATIVE

    Did + Subject + Verb in present + Complement + ?

    EXAMPLE:

    Did Luciana work in her office yesterday?


    VERBS IN PAST

    REGULAR IRREGULAR

    Those verbs end in ED: Those verbs have


    different spelling:
    Work – Worked
    Play – Played Sing – Sang
    Write – Wrote
    VERB TO BE (PAST SIMPLE)

    You can use WERE with all the subjects:


    EXAMPLE:
    * I were * It were
    If Sara were a good friend,
    * You were * We were
    * She were * They were
    she would help you.
    * He were
    WOULD
    Would is a modal auxiliary verb.

    We use would to:

    Express unreal or hypothetical situations

    Example: If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.

    (I probably won't win the lottery)


    VERB TO BE (WOULD)

    You use would be with all the


    subjects: EXAMPLE:

    If I had more free time,


    * I would be * It would be I would be happy
    * You would be * We would be
    * She would be * They would be
    * He would be
    EXAMPLES

    If we didn't have to work,


    we would have a picnic.

    If Manuel became President,


    he would change many things.

    If Mariana passed the exam,


    she would be able to enter
    university.

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