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Science
Quarter 2 - Module 1 and 2
 Lesson Reproductive System and Their Functions
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The Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system is made up of several organs which include the testes, ducts, accessory
glands, and penis. It is specifically responsible for producing sperm cells and hormones. A sperm cell
is needed to fertilize an egg cell. Hormones are responsible for the development of male
characteristics.

A male can produce numerous sperm cells.

An average man can have approximately 5, 000,
000 in a single drop of his semen. Out of these
millions of sperm cells, only one is needed to
fertilize an egg cell. A Sperm has a head, middle
part and a tail.

Sperm cells Parts of the Male Reproductive System

The illustration below shows the parts of the male reproductive system.

Parts of Male Reproductive system and their functions

Penis

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 Penis is the external male organ with a tip called glans. It is covered with foreskin that
may be removed through circumcision.

Scrotum

Scrotum is a pair of pouch like sacs that contains the testes. It also controls the testes,
temperature because they must be slightly cooler than the body to produce sperm cells.

Testes

Testes (singular, testis) are the glands that produce the sperm cells and the male sex
hormone called testosterone.

Epididymis

The epididymis is a narrow, coiled tube that stores sperm cells.

Urethra

The urethra in males is the passageway of both urine from the urinary bladder and
semen from the glands.

Seminal Vesicles

Seminal vesicles are saclike pouches attached to the vas deferens. It contributes to the
semen production, a sugar-rich fluid which provides energy for the sperm cells’ motility.

Vas Deferens

The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that serves as the passageway of the sperm
cells released from the testes. It also connects the testes to the seminal vesicle and the urethra.

Cowper’s Gland

Coper’s gland, also called as bulbourethral gland, is one of the two pea-sized organs
found beneath the prostate gland. It is responsible for releasing fluid that flushes out foreign
matters and neutralizes the acidic urine in the urethra.

Prostate gland

Prostate gland is a gland located between the bladder and the penis. It produces fluid
that nourishes and protects the sperm.

The Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system is made of several organs

which include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. It is
specifically responsible for producing egg cells and supporting a
developing baby inside a mother’s womb. Egg cell

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 The egg cell is only one-tenth of a millimetre, about the size of the diameter of a hair
strand. It is the biggest cell in the female human body.

Parts of the Female Reproductive System

The illustration below shows the parts of the female reproductive system.

Ovary

The ovary produces egg cells as well as the female sex hormones estrogen and
progesterone. Female humans have two ovaries. About 70, 000 potential egg cells are already
present in the ovaries of a female when she is born. However, only about 500 of these eggs will
mature.

The mature eggs are released one by 5 one every month once the female
reaches puberty and until she is about 43 – 55 years old. The mature egg cell
leaves the ovary through the fallopian tube.

Fallopian tube

The fallopian tubes lead the egg from the ovary to the uterus. This is also the usual site
of fertilization of the egg cell and sperm cell. Female humans have two fallopian tubes, each
connecting to an ovary to the side of the uterus.

Uterus

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 Also called the womb, The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located at the lower
abdomen. It has a soft, smooth inner lining called the uterine or endometrium. This lining
becomes thicker as it accumulates blood and nutrients to accommodate the unborn baby as it
develops. It is also the site where the fertilized egg is implanted. If the egg cell is not fertilized it,
together with the uterine lining, it will break down and is discharged during menstruation.

Cervix

The cervix is located at the lower part of the uterus. It is a narrow opening between the
uterus and the vagina. During childbirth, it expands to allow the passage of the baby.

Vagina

Also called the birth canal, the vagina is a hollow, muscular tube that extends from the
cervix to the vaginal opening called vulva. It expands to let the baby pass during normal
delivery.

Multiple choice. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. What part of the male reproductive system serves as a passageway for the sperm from the
testes to the seminal vesicle?

a. Prostate gland c. urethra

b. scrotum d. Vas deferens

2. Where does fertilization occur?

a. cervix c. uterus

b. fallopian tube d. Vagina

3. Which of the following is the male hormone produced by the testes?

a. estrogen c. testosterone

b. progesterone d. None of the above

4. What part of the female productive system releases the egg cell?

a. cervix c. oviduct

b. ovary d.vagina

5. Where does a baby (fetus) grow and develop inside the mother?

a. fallopian tube c. stomach

b. ovary d. Uterus

6. What is the function of the male reproductive system in human reproduction?

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 a. It produces hormones called testosterone.

b. It is responsible for the deepening of male’s voice.

c. It provides hormones to develop male characteristics.

d. It produces sperm cells needed to fertilize egg cells to produce new human

being

7. Why does the scrotum and testes maintain low temperature?

a. to stock sperm cells

b. to protect sperm cells

c. to produce sperm cells

d. to provide sperm cells with sac like pouch for protection

8. Which of the following organs is also known as the birth canal?

a. cervix c. uterus

b. fallopian tube d. Vagina

9. What part of the male reproductive system produces a sugar-rich fluid that provides energy to
sperms’ motility?

a. penis c. testes

b. seminal vesicle d. Urethra

10. What is the only organ that is capable of carrying the baby for 9 months?

a. cervix c. ovary

b. fallopian tube d. uterus

What’s More

Match the functions in column A to its respective parts in column B. Write your answer on the
space provided before the number.

A B

_____1. The tube that stores sperm cells a. Scrotum

_____ 2.Secretes fluid which nourishes the sperm b. Vas deferens

_____ 3. The gland that releases the fluid that flushes c. Seminal vesicle
out foreign matter and neutralizes acidic urine in

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urethra
_____ 4. The passage way of urine and semen d. Testes
_____ 5. A pair of pouch like sacs that protects the e. Penis
testes
_____ 6. Produces sugar-rich fluid that provides f. . Epididymis
energy for the sperm cells’ motility
_____ 7. Glands that produce sperm cells and the g. Prostate gland
male sex hormone called testosterone
_____ 8. External male organ with a tip called glans h. Urethra
_____ 9. The passageway of sperm coming from the i. Cowper’s gland
testes.
_____ 10. A tube that leads the egg cell from the j. Cervix
ovary to the uterus
_____ 11. A hollow muscular tube that leads to the k. Endometrium
vulva
_____ 12. A narrow opening between the uterus and l. Ovary
vagina
_____ 13. Releases the egg cells and hormones like m. Fallopian tube of oviduct
estrogen and progesterone
_____ 14. Shaped like upside-down pear, it is where n. uterus
the fertilized egg cell develops into a fetus
o. vagina

Lesson

2 Changes that Occur During Puberty

What Is It

People grow and experience changes in their body over time. You were just small when you
were born. You grew a little bigger when you were in kindergarten. Now that you are already in fifth
grade, you have grown taller and bigger. You have changed a lot.

You will continue to experience changes in your body as you get older. Why are these changes
happening? What importance of these changes?

Puberty is a stage characterized by rapid developmental changes. Changes start to happen to

young boys whose age ranges from 12 t 14 years old. Girls, on the other hand, start to experience
puberty earlier. They begin to observe changes when they are 10 to 12 years old. These changes are
caused by sex hormones from their ovaries and testes. Puberty occurs during adolescence. Girls start to

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grow into women and boys into men. Puberty is the period when the reproductive organs begin to
mature. Menstruation in girls and sperm production in boys starts during this period.

Many of the changes that occur in your body during puberty are due t certain hormones that are
released by your pituitary gland. One of these hormones is the growth hormone. The growth hormone
influences an adolescent’s body to suddenly grow very rapidly within one or two years. This period of
rapid growth called growth spurt often causes an adolescent to feel tired and uncoordinated.

Other pituitary hormones cause the reproductive cause the reproductive organs to release sex
hormones. These newly released pituitary and sex hormones bring about the physical changes in our
body. Each person has different growth rate. Your growth spurt may begin earlier than your classmates.
Some many begin later than the rest of the class. Period s of growth also differs among individuals.
Some may longer or shorter than others.

Look at some of your classmates on the first day of classes right after summer break. Observe
that they have not just growth taller and bigger. Do you see any changes in their body or faces? Do you
also notice these changes in your body.

Physical changes are also caused by sex hormones. These changes are called secondary sex
characteristics. Which of the secondary sex characteristics do you have now? Which have not yet
developed.

Just like the growth spurt, physical body changes also differ from one person to another. A
person’s body hair may grow abundantly. Others may have less body hair. Some girls develop larger
breast or broader hips. Breast of some girls may be smaller but their hips are broader. These changes
are influenced by the traits each person receives from his/her parents.

Adulthood begins at about age 20. At this age, all body systems have become fully mature and full height has been
reached.