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Mercerization: Difference Between Scouring & Mercerization

Mercerization a process of finishing cotton fibre with strong caustic alkaline solution to make it lustourus, finer etc

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Junior Sakif
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588 views

Mercerization: Difference Between Scouring & Mercerization

Mercerization a process of finishing cotton fibre with strong caustic alkaline solution to make it lustourus, finer etc

Uploaded by

Junior Sakif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MERCERIZATION

It is a physio-chemical process. Custicization reaction with high alkali in


tensioned fabric is called mercerization reaction. It’s aim to improve lusture of
fabric.

High Alkali & tensioned fabric custicization impart lusture which is absent in
other custicization reaction.

Difference between Scouring & Mercerization


No. Scouring Mercerization
1. Remove dirt,dust,impurities etc. Improve swelling property
2. Custicization reaction without tension. Custicization reaction with
tension.
3. Absorbent cellulose fiber. Improve lusture.
4. Mild alkali is used. High alkali is used.
5. Mercerization oil is not used. Mercerization oil is used
6. Applied on woven & knit fabric. Applied on silk fabric.

Purpose & Effects of Mercerization/Objects:


 To improve lusture.
 To improve strength.
 To improve dye take-up% & moisture regain.
 Improved smoothness.
 Improved hand feel.
 Increased ability to absorb dye.

Changes during Mercerization process:


No. Physical Change Chemical Change
1. Improve strength Formation of cellulose-II

2. Improve lusture. Improvement in moisture regain.

3. Change is cross-section from Improvement in dye take-up%.


bean shape to almost circular
Cellulose I + NaOH Cellulose I (with Na)

Types of Mercerization:
A. Tension mercerization (Chain mercerization m/c).
B. Slack mercerization (Chainless mercerization m/c).

A.Tension Mercerization: H2O


 Purpose of mercerizationCellulose
is to increase
II lusture of cotton fibers.
 Dye affinity & chemical reactibility increase.

B.Slack Mercerization:
 Improve elongation & recovery properties. Thus produce comfort
stretch garments.

Factors of Mercerization:
 Twaddle(conc.of NaOH) : In between 54 to 48 degree Tw OR, 25Be to
32Be.
 Temperature: Temperature is room temp. in between 18C -20 C
 Tension: applied on both warp & weft side by clipping.
 Time: 15 m/min fabric speed for 4-5 min.

Why lusture & strength is increased after Mercerization?


I) Lusture Improvement:

1 Cross section before 6 Rinsing process


mercerization. after swelling.

2-5 Swelling process in 18% 7 Final state.


NaOH.

 After mercerization by absorbing NaOH under tension cellulosic cells


becomes swells and untwisted.
 We can see by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) that the cross-section
of cells becomes circular from kidney shape.
 Mercerizations results in the swelling of the cell wall of the cotton fiber.
This causes an increase in the surface area & reflectance and thus increased
lusture.

II) Strength Improvement:

 Cellulose-II is more stable than cellulose-I for the presence of H-bonds


between layers.
 More parallel and compact due to removal of convolutions.
 Improvement in strength is much higher in case of tension
mercerization than slack mercerization

Hot Mercerization Process:


It is carried out at 60C -70C.
Affinity of caustic towards cellulose decreases.
At this temperature, caustic has low viscosity.
Cotton yarns swell more slowly.
Core gets mercerized.

Hot Mercerization Parameters:


1) Concentration: In between 28-30 Be otherwise desired result is not
achieved.
2) Temperature: controlled in a range of 60C -70C.
3) Dwell time: 25-30 sec.
Dwell time is the total impregnation time of fabric in alkali solution.

Advantage & Disadvantage of Hot Mercerization:


Advantage Disadvantage
 Uniform core mercerization is  Gives poor lusture as compared
achieved. to cold mercerization.

 Controlled temp. Ensures  Higher energy consumption.


excellent shade reproducibility.

 Dwell time is theoretically  Costlier.


reduced upto 20-25 sec giving
higher productivity.

 Upto 30% less consumption of


dye, water & electricity.

Liquid Ammonia Mercerization:


Treatment of cotton fiber with liquid ammonia (NH3) produces similar
effect that of mercerization.
The liquid ammonia treatment is widely acceptable for yarns used in
sewing threads and special fabrics like denims, pillow material,linen,jute
and blend of cellulose with PET or NYLON.
Advantage & Disadvantage of Liquid Ammonia Mercerization:
Advantage Disadvantage
 Less pollution.  Very costly equipment.

 Higher productivity.  High conc.NH3 can effect


environment.

 Jute and linen can be mercerized.  Hygienic process.

 Evenness & uniformity of


swelling is comparatively better.

Comparison of Mercerization Process


Property Conventional Merc. Hot Merc. Liquid NH3 Merc.

Swelling speed Low Fast Very fast


Evenness Uneven Good Good
Lusture Good Good Very good
Dye uptake Good Not quite High Good

Dimensional stability Good Good Good

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