Dyeing of 100% Polyester Fabric With Disperse Dye by Exhaust Method.

Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Sessional Report
Course No: TE3206
Experiment No: 02
Name of the Experiment:
Dyeing of 100% polyester fabric with disperse dye by exhaust method.
Remarks:
Submitted to:
Dr. Md Ismail Hossain Submitted By:
Assistant Professor Naimul Hasan
Department of Textile Engineering Roll:1621060
KUET Group: “B”

Department of Textile Engineering
KUET
Date of Performance: 23.10.2019

Date of Submission: 11.12.2019
1.0 OBJECTIVE
Page |2
The objective of this experiment is given below :

 To dye of 100% polyester fabric with disperse dye by exhaust method.
2.0 THEORY
The term “disperse dye” have been applied to the organic colouring substances which are free
from ionizing groups, are of low water solubility and are suitable for dyeing hydrophobic
fibres. The dye has derived its name for its insoluble aqueous properties and the need to apply
it from an aqueous dispersion. Of all the dyes, they are of the smallest molecular size.
The dyeing of hydrophobic fibres like polyester fibres with disperse dyes may be considered
as a process of dye transfer from liquid solvent (water) to a solid organic solvent (fibre).
Disperse dyes are added to water with a surface active agent to form an aqueous dispersion.
The insolubility of disperse dyes enables them to leave the dye liquor as they are more
substantive to the organic fibre than to the inorganic dye liquor. The application of heat to the
dye liquor increases the energy of dye molecules and accelerates the dyeing of textile fibres.
N=N NH2 + NaHSO3 + HCHO Insolubele
N=N NH- CH2- SO3Na Soluble
It has been established that certain hydrocarbons, phenols, amino acids, amides, alcohols,
esters, ketones, nitriles etc. accelerate the rate of dyeing polyester fibre with disperse dyes
from aqueous medium at temperature up to 100°C. These dyeing assistants alter the
dispersing properties of the dyes and the physical characteristics of the fibre so that more dye
can be transferred from the dye bath to the fibre. These are called carriers and are necessary
for dyeing polyester fibres at the normal pressure and temperature below 100°C to increase
the dyeing rate and to permit dye migration within the fibre. Level dyeing of disperse dyes
depend on the migration power of the dye which is affected by nature and amount of carrier,
dyeing time, temperature and the shade.
Properties of disperse dye:

Page |3
 Disperse dyes are nonionic dyes. So they are free from ionizing group.
 They are ready made dyes and are insoluble in water or have very low water solubility.
 They are organic colouring substances which are suitable for dyeing hydrophobic fibres.
 Disperse dyes are used for dyeing man made cellulose ester and synthetic fibres
specially acetate and polyester fibres and sometimes nylon and acrylic fibres.
 Carrier or dispersing agents are required for dyeing with disperse dyes.
 Disperse dyes have fair to good light fastness with rating about 4-5.
3.0 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT
Table 2.1: Data for required chemical

Dyes and chemical Function Amount (g/L) Required material
(ml)
Disperse dye To dye into sample 2% 2.35
Dispersing agent To convert from 1 1.175

insoluble to soluble
Sequestering agent To remove 1 1.175
hardness of water
Acetic acid To control PH range 0.3-0.5 0.47
for even dyeing
NaOH and To remove unfixed 4 and 2 4.70 and 2.35
Hydrose dyes
To increase fastness
properties
Levelling agent To disperse the dye 1 1.175
molecule equally
Wetting agent To diminish 1 1.175
surface tension
To assist the dye
molecule proper
penetration
 Measuring cylinder
Page |4
 Nozzle
 Beakar
 Glass rod
 Dyeing Machine
 Digital balance
 Sample
 Pipette
4.0 WORKING PROCEDURE

4.1 Recipe:
Table 2.2: Data for recipe
Dyes and chemical Unit Stock Dossing
solution
Disperse dyes % 2% 2
Dispersing agent g/L 1
Sequestering agent g/L 1
Acetic acid g/L 0.4
NaOH g/l 4
Hydrose g/l 2
Levelling agent g/L 1
Wetting agent g/L 1
Temperature 0
C 130
Time min 30
pH 4.5-5.5
Sample g 2.35
M:L 1:10
4.2 Calculation
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Sample weight =2.35g ; Total water= 2.35 x 10= 23.5ml
Disperse dye = (2.35x 2%) / 2%= 2.35
Dispersing agent = (1x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 1.175 ml
Sequestering agent = (1x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 1.175ml
Levelling agent= (1x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 1.175 ml
Wetting agent = (1x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 1.175 ml
Acetic acid = (0.4 x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 0.47 ml
NaOH = ( 4x 23.5)/ (1000 x 2%) = 4.7
Hydrose = (2 x 23.5)/ ( 1000 x 2%) = 2.35
4.3 Process flow chart :
Collection of 100% PET pretreated fabric
Dyeing at 130 0C for 30 min
Cool down at 750C
Cold wash and hot wash
Reduction cleaning with NaOH and Hydrose at 800C for 20 min
Neutralization
Unload and Dry fabric
Figure 2.1: Process flow chart

4.4 Process curve:
Page |6
1300C
A B C D
Tempe
rature
30 min
750C washing
600C
20 min
Time
Figure 2.2: Dyeing process curve

A= Dispersing agent; B= Auxiliaries; C= Dye solution; D = Sample
5.0 PROCEDURE:
 At first a paste of dye and dispersing agent is prepared and water is added to it.
 PH is controlled by adding acetic acid.
 This condition is kept for 15 minutes at temperature 60°C.
 Then the dye bath temperature is raised to 130°C and this temperature is maintained for
1 hour. Within this time, dye is diffused in dye bath, adsorbed by the fibre and thus
required shade is obtained.
 The dye bath is cooled as early as possible after dyeing at 60°C.
 The fabric is hot rinsed and reduction cleaning is done if required.
 Then the fabric is finally rinsed and dried.
 The unfixed dyes was fixed by adding 4% NaOH and 2% Hydrose where temperature
was set at 800C as well as time 10 min .
 Finally the fabric was rinse again by cold water .
6.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

After finishing the dyeing process required color has been found and the color has been
noticed red color. During this experiment temperature is the main fact as well as required
chemical . proper recipe may be given proper shade of 100% polyester fabric.
7.0 CONCLUSION
By this experiment we have acquired so much knowledge about disperse dye.we have known
too much end uses of disperse dye. In addition to , this experiment will help us in future .

Dyeing of 100% Polyester Fabric With Disperse Dye by Exhaust Method.

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Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Assistant Professor Naimul Hasan

Department of Textile Engineering Roll:1621060

KUET Group: “B”

Date of Performance: 23.10.2019

The objective of this experiment is given below :

N=N NH2 + NaHSO3 + HCHO Insolubele

N=N NH- CH2- SO3Na Soluble

Properties of disperse dye:

3.0 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT

Table 2.1: Data for required chemical

Dispersing agent To convert from 1 1.175

4.0 WORKING PROCEDURE

Sample weight =2.35g ; Total water= 2.35 x 10= 23.5ml

Disperse dye = (2.35x 2%) / 2%= 2.35

Dispersing agent = (1x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 1.175 ml

Sequestering agent = (1x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 1.175ml

Levelling agent= (1x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 1.175 ml

Wetting agent = (1x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 1.175 ml

Acetic acid = (0.4 x 23.5) / ( 1000 x 2%) = 0.47 ml

NaOH = ( 4x 23.5)/ (1000 x 2%) = 4.7

Hydrose = (2 x 23.5)/ ( 1000 x 2%) = 2.35

4.3 Process flow chart :

Collection of 100% PET pretreated fabric

Dyeing at 130 0C for 30 min

Cool down at 750C

Cold wash and hot wash

Reduction cleaning with NaOH and Hydrose at 800C for 20 min

Unload and Dry fabric

Figure 2.1: Process flow chart

Figure 2.2: Dyeing process curve

6.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

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