Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TABUK CITY
Dagupan Centro, Tabuk City

12 Concept, Aspects
and Changes in/of Culture and Society
Understanding Culture Society
and Politics
Quarter 1.WEEK2

CREEDENCE D. MUNAR – 09276667990

KAYLYN L. DUCLAN – 09166066089
SHANENDOAH S. DIAZ – 09053590976
MARIEL L. DAMAGON – 09653320906

Name of student
Barangay
Cluster
Mobile Number
 In this fast changing world, we always believed that in this world
nothing is permanent except change. People hate change yet only
change brought progress to the world. Being an instrument of change I
always give value to our cultural heritage that serves as identity to our
origin. I’ve been to different places and meet different races with
different tribal orientation.
At the end of the session, learners are expected to:
1. Become aware of why and how cultural relativism mitigates
ethnocentrism.
2. Identify forms of tangible and intangible heritage and the threats
to these.
3. Value cultural heritage and express pride of place without being
ethnocentric.

A. DIRECTIONS: Identify what is being asked. Choose your

answer from the box below

_______________________________1. It refers to a group of people

sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries.
_______________________________2. A composite or multifarious
areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms,
artifacts and everything that a person learns and shares as a member
of society.
_______________________________3. It consists of tangible things
used by man in his everyday life.
_______________________________4. It is a perception that arises
from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality
differently
_______________________________5. The attempt to judge behavior
according to its cultural context.
-Culture
-Material Culture
-Society
-Ethnocentrism
-Cultural Relativism
 B. DIRECTIONS: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is not.

___________1. Men’s social interaction serves as an avenue for

creating patterns of behavior.
___________2. Culture changes over time as people respond to
challenges.
___________3. study of sociology broadens the experience of
individuals as they learn to discard prejudices and become more
understanding of the custom of other people and realize that truth is
relative and “good” or “bad” behavior depends upon the norms of
conduct of the society in which behavior takes place.
___________4. Sociology Is the branch of knowledge which deals with
the scientific study of man, his work, his body, his behavior and values,
in time and space .
___________5. Anthropology Is a systematic study of a state and its
government, with the relationships of men in the community.

C. Directions: Answer the following question in not less than 3 to

5 sentences. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Is there such as superior and inferior culture? Explain

2. How is culture and behavior related? Give an examples to prove

your answer.
 Culture as defined by Edward B. Tylor refers to that complex whole
which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, custom, and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Culture serves as a foundation of man’s continuing interaction with
his surroundings. People develop a culture of their own out of their
learning and experiences from their environmental exposure.Based
from the previous lesson we can relate now our culture to the culture of
others by simply relating it and what is accepted and what is lawful.
Example what are some symbol of Kalinga people in terms of culture?
What do they mean?

OBSERVING ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

Direction: Take time to think of unique practices in your culture. Identify
three (3) practices for each cultural element.

CULTURE

Guide Question:

1. From these unique elements of your culture, how then are you going to
define culture?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. Do you think there are differences and similarities of your cultural
practices to practices of other groups of people? Can you give one
example of similar and different practice that you have observed?

SIMILARITY DIFFERENCE

3. How can studying similarities and differences in human cultures

contribute to our understanding of culture, society, and politics?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

CULTURE AND SOCIETY AS ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND

SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

Culture is the learned set of practices, beliefs, values, rules for proper
conduct, and material objects that are shared by members of society. It is a
powerful force in the lives of all people.
Culture serves as a foundation of man’s continuing interaction with his
surroundings. People develop a culture of their own out of their learnings
and experiences from their environmental exposure (Banaag, 2012, p. 46).
Culture is related to the word “cultus” which means way of life.
 Society refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within
a defined territorial boundaries. Every human society is organized in such a
way that there are rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and
mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among
members (Palispis, 2007 p. 254). This makes every society have unique
culture.

ASPECTS OF CULTURE
Since culture is very complex, there are sides of culture that
contribute to its development.

DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTIVE – This means that culture is

dynamic in the sense that it is always a continuous and never-ending reality.
It is flexible because culture has parameters or limit. It is adaptive
because it is mobile and can include all aspects of life such as customs,
lifestyle, way of thinking, arts and so on.

LEARNED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION OR ENCULTURATION –

Socialization, the process where people identify their identity through their
physical, psychological and economic needs, is one instance where culture
is learned.
Enculturation, on the other hand, is the process of adopting one’s self
into another culture.
The Catholic missionaries who wanted to influence the religious
beliefs of the Cordillerans, for example, had to learn the local dialect for
them to be able to teach their doctrines more effectively.
 They also had to educate themselves of the other aspects of the local
peoples’ lives such as farming, and hunting practices, communal
celebrations and others.

PATTERNED SOCIAL INTERACTION – In culture, there are levels of

consistency of what people are doing such as patterns in the use of power
and authority.
Like in a family or in a community, who holds the power? Who makes
decisions?

TRANSMITTED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION

Culture is transmitted when social exchanges happen when people
encounter each other.
For instance, when one moves to another place, he gets to
encounter different experience that may later influence his own practices.

REQUIRES LANGUAGE AND OTHER FORMS OF COMMUNICATION –

Culture is transferred and shared to others through language in many forms
of expression such as signs, oral/ verbal and symbolic, written or unwritten.

INTEGRATED AND AT TIMES UNSTABLE – Culture is integrate and at

times unstable because of changes that happen to it overtime. For instance,
the invention of computerized technologies has brought great changes to
the culture of most groups of people in the world.

SHARED AND CONTESTED – Culture is shared within exclusive domains

of social relations, societies operate differently from each other leading to
cultural variations. However, culture is contested due to social differentiation
where we can see distinctive characteristic of a particular group of people
such as distinct playing of music, dancing, burial or any celebration on the
passage of life.
 2 TYPES OF CULTURE

1.MATERIAL- CONSIST OF TANGIBLE THINGS

Technological
Tools

MATERIAL Architectural
Food
CULTURE Structures

Fashion and
Accessories

2.NON-MATERIAL CULTURE-CONSIST OF INTANGIBLE

THINGS
Ideas

Behavior, Gesture Non- Material Language and

and Habits Culture Symbols

Religion

ETNOCENTRISM AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM

CULTURAL VARIATIONS
-refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures
exhibit around the world. What may be considered good etiquette in
one’s culture maybe considered bad etiquette in another.
 2 IMPORTANT PERCEPTIONS ON CULTURAL VARIABILITY

➢ The practice of judging/viewing

another culture solely by the values
ETHNOCENTRISM and standards of one’s own culture.
One views their culture as the best
and only proper to behave and
adapt.
➢ The regard that one’s culture and
society is the center of everything,
therefore far more superior than
CULTURAL others. (disrespect of other culture)
RELATIVISM ➢ It is a perception that arises from the
fact that cultures differ and each
culture defines reality differently.
➢ Underscore the idea that the culture
in every society should be
understood and regarded on its own
terms. Societies are qualitatively
different from one another.
➢ Appreciating and accepting the
uniqueness of one’s societies
cultural trait.
(respect of other culture)

ACTIVITY 1: WORD SEARCH

Find and mark all the words hidden inside the box. The words may
be placed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.

C R F S I R E G A U G N A L FOOD
U M M R B C S O C I E T Y D DYNAMIC
L L R O F N B N V E G T T N ETHNOCENTRISM
T E H G O I H R C L C M E M SHARED
U R V N O E O A I B E E T S LANGUAGE
R Y T O D R S D M I E T N I CULTURE
E O R B E V D E A X M A F V SOCIETY
B E H A V I O R N E C B Y I SYMBOLS
D E N R A E L Y Y L U E D T RELATIVISM
C S L O B M Y S D F L E N A FLEXIBLE
H H T L S H O A G O R B C L LEARNED
A T A F O G B U N B B L G E BONGOR
N D D E R A H S N L H O O R BEHAVIOR
A E T H N O C E N T R I S M
ASSESSMENT 1
Direction: Answer the following question in not less than 3 to 5
sentences. Write your answer on the space provided.
1.Why is culture important in our society?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.How would you differentiate ethnocentrism and cultural relativism?
Give examples.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2
Choose the correct answers from the box below which best describes
the sentences/s.

Anthropology Museum Sociology

Enculturation Ethnocentrism Norms
Cultural relativism Values Symbolic Shared
Socialization Culture

__________________________1. It means viewing other peoples

and ways of life in terms of one’s own cultural assumptions
__________________________2. It is the process by which an
individual adopts the behavior patterns of the culture in which a person
is immersed.
__________________________3. It is the ‘The study of humans’ social
sciences.
__________________________4. It is the systematic study of society.
__________________________5. The rules and expectations by which
a society guides the behavior of its members.
__________________________6. It is the ethical insistence that other
cultures can only be evaluated and understood in terms of their own
standards and values.
__________________________7. It is a collective conception of what
is considered good, desirable, and proper—or bad, undesirable, and
improper—in a culture.
___________________________8. It is an aspect of culture where in
beliefs, religion, rituals, myths, dances, performances, music, artworks,
sense of taste, education, innovations, identity, ethnicity, and so on, are
meaningful human expressions of what people do and how they act.
__________________________9. It is acquired by being born into a
particular society in the process of enculturation, or socialization.
__________________________10. These are institutions that do not
only keep and showcase material remains of the past for people to see
and learn from.
__________________________11. It is the transformation of culture or
the way people live.
__________________________12. It is the process through which the
cultural traits of one society are borrowed, transmitted and adopted by
another one and considered as its own.
__________________________13. It encompasses all social aspects
including our language, customes and values
__________________________14. It refers to specific rules/standards
to guide appropriate behavior.
__________________________15. It describes what is appropriate or
inappropriate in a given society or what ought to be.

ASSESSMENT 2
MATCHING TYPE:
Directions: Match column A with the correct answer on column B.
Identify if the given word is material culture or non-material culture. Write
only the letter of your answer on the blank provided before the number.

_____1. Bongor A. Material Culture

_____2. Language B. Non-Material Culture
_____3. Adobo
_____4. Custom
_____5. Fashion
_____6. Accessories
_____7. Ideas
_____8. Behavior
_____9. Architectural design
_____10. Habit
_____11. Religion
_____12. Machines
_____13. Symbols
_____14. Belief
_____15. Gestures
ACTIVITY 3: Detecting ethnocentrism and promoting respect for other
culture.
Direction: Select a food usually prepared and not usually prepared in
your community or region. Comment on the food and compare them to
the food from your community or region.
Kind of Strange Bad Good Best Reasons
Food Food Food Food Food

ASSESSMENT 3
Directions: The teacher will group the class into 4 and allow them
to discuss among themselves the advantages and disadvantages of
cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. You may find a group from your
respective clusters where you belong.

ADV ANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

ETHNOCENTRISM

CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
Complete the unfinished sentences to summarize the lesson.
❖ The chapter was about
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

❖ One key ideas was

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
❖ This is important because
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

❖ Another key ideas was

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

❖ This matters because

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

Answer the following questions on the space provided.

2. Is it right to pass judgement on cultures not our own as inferior,
threatening, or disturbing? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. Should we expect societies around the world to practice the same
set of cultural values and traits? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. How is it possible to recognize the uniqueness of each society’s
cultural traits and not from the standpoint of one’s own society?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

_______________________________1. It refers to a group of people

sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries.
_______________________________2. A composite or multifarious
areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms,
artifacts and everything that a person learns and shares as a member
of society.
_______________________________3. It consists of tangible things
used by man in his everyday life.
_______________________________4. It is a perception that arises
from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality
differently
_______________________________5. The attempt to judge behavior
according to its cultural context.

DIRECTIONS: write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and

FALSE if it is not.

___________1. Men’s social interaction serves as an avenue for

creating patterns of behavior.
___________2. Culture changes over time as people respond to
challenges.
___________3. study of sociology broadens the experience of
individuals as they learn to discard prejudices and become more
understanding of the custom of other people and realize that truth is
relative and “good” or “bad” behavior depends upon the norms of
conduct of the society in which behavior takes place.
___________4. Sociology Is the branch of knowledge which deals with
the scientific study of man, his work, his body, his behavior and values,
in time and space .
___________5. Anthropology Is a systematic study of a state and its
government, with the relationships of men in the community.

Directions: Answer the following question in not less than 3 to 5

sentences. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Is there such as superior and inferior culture? Explain

2. How is culture and behavior related? Give an examples to prove

your answer.
Give what is being asked.
A. Direction: Draw a smiley emoticon if the statement is correct and
frown emoticon if it is false.
_____1. Man’s social interaction serves as avenue for creating
patterns of behavior.
_____2. Culture is imprint of man’s emotional achievement.
_____3. Enculturation is the process by which people learn the
requirements of their surrounding culture.
_____4. Geographical space determines the appropriate culture of one
specefic society.
_____5. Culture changes overtime as people respond to challenges.
_____6. A person with ethnocentric view regards one’s own culture as
a benchmark standard for all other culture.
_____7. Culture produces manmade things such as clothing, tools,
equipment, machines and many more by technological know-how.
_____8. Culture is learned through socialization.
_____9. Tools, weapons, buildings and clothing are examples of Non-
material culture.
_____10. Ethnocentrism arises from the fact that cultures differ and
each culture defines reality differently.
_____11. Cultural relativism is the attempt to judge behavior according
to its context.
_____12. Culture as cumulative refers to man’s ability to form ideas
and use them in his environment and experiences.
_____13. Enculturation is the process of learning and transmitting
culture.
_____14. People develop a culture of their own out of their learnings
and experiences from their invironmental exposure.
_____15. Assimilation is the process of receiving culture/new facts to
new situations in conformity with what is already available to
consciousness.