English Explanation Vietnamese

Unit 0: Introduction
The branch of engineering that deals with machines
and mechanics.
The branch of mechanical engineering that mianly
utilizes the principles of thermodynamics.
It deals with Heating, Ventilation and Air-
conditioning.
The new branch that combines mechanical,
computer and electronics engineering.
The sub-branch of aerospace engineering that deals
with space-crafts.
The branch that mainly refers to the use of
computers and relevant software for carrying out
design, analysis, simulation of various machines
and procedures.
The branch that relates to the operation and
maintenance of propulsion and other machines on
board ships.
The branch that deals with the operation and
maintenance of vehicle travelling on the road rather
than sea or air.

Unit 2: Pumps
A machine imparts energy to anything flowing
through it.
A design of centrifugal pump that has the advantage
of symmetry and helps eliminate end thrust.
A rotating componet of a centrifugal pump which
transfers energy from the motor that drives the
pump to the fluid being pumped by accelerating the
fluid outwards from the center of rotation.
 A device that tranfers heat from a colder area to a
hotter area by using mechanical energy, as in a
refrigerator.
A mechanical device that converts mechanical
power into hydraulic energy. It generates flow with
enough power to overcome pressure induced by the
load.
A positive displacement pump that uses a
combination of the reciprocating action of a
dividing membrane and suitable valves on either
side of the membrane to pump a fluid.
A pump with two or more impellers in the form of
toothed wheels whose contrarotation entrains the
fluid on one side and discharges it on the other.
A pump having a high-speed rotating impeller
whose blades throw the water outwards.

Unit 3: Refrigeration systems

An extremely small hole that the liquid has to
squeeze through.
Machine for increasing the pressure of a gas by
mechanically decreasing its volume.
A device used to vaporize part or all of the solvent
from a solution.
A container, operated by electricity, that stores food
at a very cold temperature so that it becomes solid
and can be kept safely for a long time.
A device is located outside the refrigerator so that
heat will be liberated to the surrounding area up to 5
meters in diameter.
a device which senses when the temperature in the
refrigerator is as cold as you want it to be.
A fluid flows through a device in order to prevent
its overheating, transferring the heat produced by
 the device to other devices that utilize or dissipate
it.
This gas is thought to be harmful to the atmosphere
if it leaks from refrigerators.
A gas is formed when the liquid HFC reaches low
pressure and boils.
This gas turns into a liquid when it is cooled to
-26.6 degrees Celsius.
If two objects at different temperatures touch or are
near each other, the hotter surface cools and the
colder surface warms up.

Unit 4: The Automobile

A car with a soft roof that can be folded back.
A fixed bar or beam with bearings at its ends on
which the wheels of a car revolve.
A car with door across the full width at the back end
that opens upward to provide easy access for
loading.
A non-moving piece of rubber or metal that the
driver is supposed to rest his or her left foot on
when driving, often called the dead pedal.
A wheel turned by the driver of a motor vehicle
when he or she wishes to change direction.
An instrument that registers the quantity of a
substance in electronic read-outs.
A control panel located directly ahead of a vehicle’s
driver, displaying instrumentation and controls for
the vehicle operation.
A part of the car seat providing structural support,
reducing friction and providing comfort for the
drivers and passengers.
The type of engine with a device that uses recycled
exhaust gases to increase power.
A plastic device in the car for holding drinking
containers.
A set of components that removes heat from the
engine, to help keep the engine at proper working
temperature.
A set of components that reduce the vehicle’s
speed, eventually to a halt, and keep it in placewhile
parked.
A set of components that joins the wheels to the
vehicle’s body while reducing shocks caused by the
road’s unevenness and improving the hold on the
road.
A mechanical system of springs or shock absorbers
connecting the wheels and axles to the chassis of a
wheeled vehicle.
A set of components that transmits the motion
produced by the engine to the wheels.
The gears that transmit power from an automobile
engine via the driveshfy to the live axle.
A set of components that stores fuel for present use
and deliver it as needed to the car engine.
A set of components that directs the front wheels to
guide the vehicle as it moves.
A set of components that supply the necessary
current for starting the vehicle and operating its
electric accessories.
An intrument that converts fuel energy into
mechanical energy.
A set of componets that carry the burned gas from
the engine out into the atmosphere.
System consisting of the parts of an engine through
 which burned gases or steam are discharged.
The vehicle is driven by both the motor and engine
at the same time.
Combustion engine indirectly drives the vehicle.
Both serial and parallel drivetrain can be used
depending on situations.
A regenerative brake and a stop-start system are
used instead of an electric motor
Electric motors are only for enhancing the vehicle
performance.
The motors are charged by both the engine and by
external power source.

Unit 5: Engines getting ready

A type of internal-combustion engine, such as
diesel, in which ignition occurs as a result of the
rise in temperature caused by compression of the
mixture in the cylinder.
An engine in which one or more pistons move up
and down in cylinders
A device designed to fit in each cylinder of a
gasoline-powered internal-combustion engine for
igniting the mixture of gasoline and air.
An engine in which hot air and gases are forced out
at the back, mainly used for modern aircraft.
A type of internal combustion engine used chiefly
in aircraft, having its cylinders arranged in a row
A heating device used to aid starting diesel engines.
The intake valve opens up, letting in air and moving
the piston down.
The piston moves back up and compresses the air.
As the piston reaches the top, fuel is injected at just
the right moment and ignited, forcing the piston
 back down.
The piston moves back to the top, pushing out the
exhaust created from the combustion out of the
exhaust valve.
Engine component (connected to pistosn by
connecting rod) which convert the reciprocating (up
and down) motion of pistons to rotary motion used
to turn the driveshaft.
The central working part of a reciprocating engine,
the space in which a piston travels.
The upper sealing surface of the combustion
chamber that houses the valves system.
Devices used to regulate the flow of fluid.
A heavy disc of metal attached to the rear of the
crankshaft. It smoothes the firing impulses of the
engine and keeps the crankshaft turning during
periods when no firing takes place.
A mechanical device with significant moment of
inertia used as a storage device for rotational
energy.
Part II. Materials science and engineering
The discipline that involves designing or engineering
the structure of a material to produce a predetermined
set of properties.
Structures that involves electrons within the
individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei.

The discipline that involves investigating the

relationship that exists between the structures and
properties of materials.
Structures that contain large group of atoms that are
normally agglomerated (tích tụ vào).

Structures that may be viewed with the naked eye.

Structures that encompasses the organization of
atoms or molecules relative to one another.

The arragement of a material’s internal components.

A material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of

response to a specific imposed stimulus.

Unit 6: Materials
Materials consisting of compounds of metals and
nonmetals. These materials are usually hard and
brittle. Examples are clay (đất sét) products, glass,
and pure aluminum oxide that has been compacted
and densified.
Metals and alloys that do not contain iron, or if they
do contain iron, it is only in a relatively small
percentage. Examples of this type of metals are
aluminum, copper, zinc, titanium, and nickel.
Materials that are mixtures of two or more materials.
Examples are fiberglass-reinforcing material in a
polyester or epoxy matrix.
Materials used I electronics, especially
microelectronics. Examples are silicon and gallium
arsenide.
A science discipline that is primarily concerned with
the search for basic knowledge about the internal
structure, properties, and processing of materials.
An engineering discipline that is primarily concerned
with the use of fundamental and applied knowledge
of materials so that they can be converted into
products needed or desired by society.
Metals and alloys that contain a large percentage of
iron such as steels and cast irons.
Materials consisting of long molecular chains or
networks of low-weight elements such as carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Most of these
materials have low electrical conductivities.
Examples are polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).
Ability of a material (such as a metal or asphalt
cement-nhựa đường) to undergo permanent
deformation through elongation (độ giãn dài)
(reduction in cross-sectional area) or bending at
room temperature without fracturing. Opposite of
brittleness.
Tendency of a material to fracture or fail upom the
application of a relatively small amount of force,
impact, or shock. Opposite of toughness.
A material’s ability to withstand friction, essentially
abrasion resistance.
Is related to interactions between surfaces and
specifically the removal and deformation of
material on a surface as a result of mechanical
action of the opposite surface.
In material science, it is the weaking of a material
caused by repeatedly applied loads. It is the
progressive and localized structural damage that
occurs when a material is subjected to
cyclic/repeated loading.
Semi-finished metal produced from iron ore in blast
furnace, containing 92% iron, high amounts of
carbon (typically up to 3.5%), and balance largely
manganese and silicone plus small amounts of
phosphorus, sulfur, and other impurities. It is further
refined in a furnace for conversion into steel.
Crude iron that is the direct product of the blast
furnace and is refined to produce steel, wrought
iron, or ingot iron.
An alloy of copper and zinc or lead
Is the deterioration (sự hư hại) of a metal as a result
of chemical reactions between it and the
surrounding environment.
Is the process of scuffing (sự mài mòn), scratching,
 wearing down (làm hư hỏng), marring, or rubbing
away(bào mòn).
Any process in which oxygen combines with an
element or substance, either slowly, as in the rusting
of iron, or rapidly, as in the burning of wood.
Ability of the material to resist fracturing when
force is apllied. This requires strength as well as
ductility, which allows a material to deform before
fracturing.
This property allow metals to be drawn into wires.

Unit 7: Metal extraction

The process of separating a metal from the other

minerals of the ore.
A device in which heat is produced by burning fuel
either to warm a building or to undertake an
industrial process such as smelting metal.
A vertical shaft furnace for smelting metals. Fuel,
ores, and slag-forming rock are loaded from above,
and air is blown in from the bottom to raise the
temperature. The molten metal is tapped
periodically from the base.
The substance used to absorb impurities in iron
making in blast furnace.
A type of steel not needing a protective coating as it
doesn’t rust.
The constituting part of a composite material, which
acts as a binder and gives the composite its shape
and determines the quality of its surface.
A substance added to a furnace during metals
smelting that combines with impurities to form slag.
A side product of iron smelting that contains
limestone and impurities.
Unit 8: Metal manufacturing process
A mass of metal cast in a convenient form for
shaping, remelting, or refining.
In this type off casting, molten metal is poured into
stationary moulds of basic shape.
These precesses (including rolling, forging-rèn,
extrusion-đùn, drawing-kéo) significantly change
the shape of metal work pieces and work pieces
have a low area-to-volume ratio.
In these metal forming processes (e.g. shearing-
phay, sliting-cat, bending), the work piece has a
high area-to-volume ratio and undergoes permanent
changes in shape.
In this type of casting, molten metal is poured into a
mould that has been formed into the shape of the
part required.
These processes change the microstructure of
metals to impart properties (e.g., hardness, ductility
and strength) which benefit the working life of a
component.
In this type of casting, molten metal is poured into
an open-ended mould.
Unit 9: Machine tools
A controlled chemical dissolution (CD) of a
workpiece material by contact with strong reagent
(etchant-chất khắc). Special coatings called
maskants protect areas from which the metal is not
to be machined.
A method of material removal that shape a
workpiece by removing electrons from its surface
atoms. In effect, this method is exactly the opposite
of electroplating.
A method that uses ultrasonic sound waves and an
abrasive slurry (chất bột nhão có tính mài mòn) to
remove metal.
A thermo-electric process that focuses a high-speed
beam of electrones on the workpiece. The heat that
is generated vaporizes the metal.
The laser produces an intense beam of light that can
be focused onto an area only a few microns in
diameter. It is used for cutting and drilling.
A computer-controlled technique that uses a 55,000
psi water jet to cut complex shapes with minimun
waste. The work can be accomplished with or
without abrasives added to the jet.
An advanced machining process that uses a fine and
accurately controlled electricla spark to erode (làm
mòn) metal.
A machine is designed to push or pull a
multitoothed cutter across the work which is
stationary during cutting operation.
A machine rotates a multitoothed cutter into the
work and periphery of the cutter is parallel to the
surface being machined.
A machine is a widely employed technique that
makes use of a continuous saw blade.
A machine removes metal by rotating a grinding
wheel or abrasive belt against the work.
A machine rotates a cuttiong tool against the
material with sufficient pressure to cause the tool to
penetrate the material