Excellon Programing

Part Programming
Commands
Part Programming
This chapter details the part programming codes used to run your Excellon
machines automatically.
The CNC-7, like all Excellon machines, has a set of part programming codes that
can be used to control the machine for drilling, toolchanging, setting up machine
parameters (such as feeds and speeds), and routing (if so equipped). Also, like
other Excellon machines, the part program codes are backward compatible. This
means that part programs from a CNC-2,4,5 or 6 can be run on your CNC-7
without modification. Since newer controls contain new features, the reverse is
not necessarily true (You may not be able to run all CNC-7 programs on a CNC-
2,4,5 or 6). Part programs are simply data files, coming from any one of a variety
of sources or devices. This chapter will detail all available part program codes
available for your use.
Part Program Headers

The M48 header is used to give your machine general information about the job.
This includes the size of tools you want to drill and/or rout the PC board, the kind
of measurement system you are using, the direction of the X and Y axis of the
work, and other details. These instructions may be generally listed in any order in
the header. The part program header is optional. Most commands that you can
program into the header can also be entered at the CNC-7 console before the
program runs.
Part Program Body
The set of drilling and/or routing commands is called the part program body. It is
usually much longer than the header and tells the machine exactly where each
hole is to be drilled, which drill bit to use, what shape you want routed, etc. The
commands are laid out in the sequence you want them carried out on the PC
board. For example, one line of the program will tell the machine where to drill a
hole, the next line will tell where to drill the next hole, the next line will tell the
machine to stop and change the drill bit. Usually the program is carried out in
sequence from top to bottom. However, some commands will tell the machine to
move to another location on the PC board, go back to a previous line in the
program, and repeat the pattern.
C:\Byron\Exelon Dokumentation\program.htm
Excellon Program Format vs. Other Manufacturers
Because Excellon is a pioneer in the manufacture of computerized drilling and
routing equipment, it was necessary for Excellon to develop a set of commands
to control the machines. The set is called Excellon Numeric Control and it uses
the same commands for all Excellon machines. Some of these commands
haveSeite become standard in the industry and are widely used by other
manufacturers. The first machines introduced by Excellon were drilling machines.
The set of commands used on drillers later became known as Format One. When
Excellon introduced machines with routing capability, a set of commands called
Format Two was created. Then in 1979, Excellon revised Format Two to combine
drilling and routing commands into one common set. The machines introduced
prior to 1979 are called generation one machines and cannot use Format Two.
They do not have all the capabilities of the newer machines. However, newer
generation two machines can run part programs with either Format One or
Format Two commands.
What a Part Program Must Include
There is some information that the CNC-7 cannot know without being told. Some
of the things that the part program must tell the machine are:
Where to drill each hole
Where to rout
What size tool to use
Additionally, if the programmer wants to change the speed of the direction of a

particular tool of the worktable, without stopping the machine, the change must
be made in the part program. Examples of these changes are:
Reverse the direction of routing
Change the table feed rate
Change the spindle RPM
Writing a Part Program

This section describes what you need to know to write a part program header and
a part program. It identifies the mandatory requirements, as well as the options,
and provides you with examples of how a part program might look.
The Header: Setting Up The Job
The header is always located at the beginning of a part program. It consists of a
series of instructions (commands) that are used to give your machine general
information about the job. This includes the size and speed of tools, the kind of
measurement system you are using, the direction of the X and Y axis of the work,
and other details. The header can have just a few commands, or dozens of them,
depending on your needs. Most of these commands may be placed in any order.
But one thing the header may NOT include is machine motion commands such as
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JOG or HOME. Do you remember that we said the header is optional? This does
not mean that the commands you write into a header are optional. If you choose
not to use a header, then you must either write the commands into the part
program or enter them at the CNC-7 console before the program runs. Entering
them manually can lead to problems. Suppose that you get an order to produce a
set of the same PC boards every two or three months. Each time the program is
loaded into the CNC-7, you must be given instructions on all the commands that
have to be entered before the job can begin. If you put the commands in the
header instead, you are assured of consistent settings for the machine.
Example of a Header
Below is a sample of a header. The PURPOSE shown to the right of the
COMMAND is not part of the command, but is shown for your benefit to explain
the command:
COMMAND PURPOSE
M48 The beginning of a header
INCH,LZ Use the inch measuring system with leading zeros
VER,1 Use Version 1 X and Y axis layout
FMAT,2 Use Format 2 commands
1/2/3 Link tools 1, 2, and 3
T1C.04F200S65 Set Tool 1 for 0.040" with infeed rate of 200 inch/min Speed of 65,000 RPM
DETECT,ON Detect broken tools
M95 End of the header
Beginning of a Part Program Header

M48
M48 Defines the start of an M48 part program header. This command must appear
on the first line of the part program header. This tells the CNC-7 that the program
has a header. Please note that comment lines and blank lines are permitted in the
M48 header and are ignored. Comment lines are lines of text beginning with the
semicolon (;) character.
See also: Part Program Headers
End of a Part Program Header

M95
M95 Defines the end of a part program header. Either this command or the %
command must follow the last header command in the part program header. This
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tells the CNC-7 where the header ends. When this command is used, the machine
will immediately start to execute the part program body commands following the
M95 command.
See also: Part Program Headers, M48
Rewind Stop
%
% Defines the end of a part program header. Either this command or the M95
command must follow the last header command in the part program header. This
tells the CNC-7 where the header ends. When this command is used, the machine
will stop at the end of the header and await your action. You may enter any
appropriate Keyboard commands and/or press CYCLE START to continue.
Note: This command has a different meaning when used in the part program
body.
See also: Part Program Headers, M48, M49
Commands Used in a Header

The following table provides you with a list of commands which (not a complete
list) are the most used in a part program header. Some Operating System
commands, which are discussed in the chapter on System Software, are not
included here. If other commands are used, the CNC-7 will display a message
when you try to run the part program. Most of the commands between the M48
and M95 or % commands may be arranged in any order, but there are some
common sense exceptions. For example, the INCH/METRIC command must be
specified before any commands with dimensions.
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
AFS Automatic Feeds and Speeds
ATC Automatic Tool Change
BLKD Delete all Blocks starting with a slash (/)

CCW Clockwise or Counterclockwise Routing
CP Cutter Compensation
DETECT Broken Tool Detection
DN Down Limit Set
DTMDIST Maximum Rout Distance Before Toolchange
EXDA Extended Drill Area
FMAT Format 1 or 2
FSB Turns the Feed/Speed Buttons off
HPCK Home Pulse Check
ICI Incremental Input of Part Program Coordinates
INCH Measure Everything in Inches
METRIC Measure Everything in Metric
M48 Beginning of Part Program Header
M95 End of Header
NCSL NC Slope Enable/Disable
OM48 Override Part Program Header
OSTOP Optional Stop Switch
OTCLMP Override Table Clamp
PCKPARAM Set up pecking tool,depth,infeed and retract parameters
PF Floating Pressure Foot Switch
PPR Programmable Plunge Rate Enable
PVS Pre-vacuum Shut-off Switch
R,C Reset Clocks
R,CP Reset Program Clocks
R,CR Reset Run Clocks
R,D Reset All Cutter Distances
R,H Reset All Hit Counters
R,T Reset Tool Data
SBK Single Block Mode Switch
SG Spindle Group Mode
SIXM Input From External Source
T Tool Information
TCST Tool Change Stop
UP Upper Limit Set
VER Selection of X and Y Axis Version
Z Zero Set
ZA Auxiliary Zero
ZC Zero Correction
ZS Zero Preset
Z+# or Z-# Set Depth Offset
% Rewind Stop
#/#/# Link Tool for Automatic Tool Change
/ Clear Tool Linking
Duplicate Commands
If you have a command in the header and the exact same command in the part
program body, there is no harm done. Nor will it matter if you enter the exact
same command from the keyboard. In each case, because the commands do not
contradict each other, the performance of the machine will not be affected.
Keyboard and Header Commands vs. Body

Commands
Some commands allow you to specify optional information. When the options in
the part program body are different from the options in the header or console, the
body options are not used. Suppose you specify in the header which spindle
speed you want for a particular tool. Then you repeat the tool command in the
part program body and specify a different speed. The speed in the header will
override the speed in the body. You could change the speed ten times in the
program, but the spindle will rotate at the speed you specified in the header, each
and every time.
Keyboard vs. Header Commands
Commands entered by you at the keyboard will also override duplicate
commands in the part program body. Keyboard entered commands and header
commands have the same authority, and they can conflict with each other. But
system software uses the latest one entered as the governing authority. After a
part program has been loaded, any commands entered at the keyboard will
override the same command in the header. But if the command is entered at the
keyboard, and then the part program is loaded, the header overrides the
keyboard.
Beyond The Header: The Part Program Body
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
A# Arc Radius
B# Retract Rate
C# Tool Diameter
F# Table Feed Rate;Z Axis Infeed Rate
G00X#Y# Route Mode
G01 Linear (Straight Line) Mode
G02 Circular CW Mode
G03 Circular CCW Mode
G04 X# Variable Dwell
G05 Drill Mode
G07 Override current tool feed or speed
G32X#Y#A# Routed Circle Canned Cycle
CW G33X#Y#A# Routed Circle Canned Cycle
CCW G34,#(,#) Select Vision Tool
G35(X#Y#) Single Point Vision Offset (Relative to Work Zero)
G36(X#Y#) Multipoint Vision Translation (Relative to Work Zero)
G37 Cancel Vision Translation or Offset (From G35 or G36)
G38(X#Y#) Vision Corrected Single Hole Drilling (Relative to Work Zero)
G39(X#Y#) Vision System Autocalibration
G40 Cutter Compensation Off
G41 Cutter Compensation Left
G42 Cutter Compensation Right
G45(X#Y#) Single Point Vision Offset (Relative to G35 or G36)
G46(X#Y#) Multipoint Vision Translation (Relative to G35 or G36)
G48(X#Y#) Vision Corrected Single Hole Drilling (Relative to G35 or G36)
G82(G81) Dual In Line Package
G83 Eight Pin L Pack
G84 Circle
G85 Slot
G87 Routed Step Slot Canned Cycle
G90 Absolute Mode
G91 Incremental Input Mode
G93X#Y# Zero Set
H# Maximum hit count
I#J# Arc Center Offset
M00(X#Y#) End of Program - No Rewind
M01 End of Pattern
M02X#Y# Repeat Pattern Offset
M06(X#Y#) Optional Stop
M08 End of Step and Repeat
M09(X#Y#) Stop for Inspection
M14 Z Axis Route Position With Depth Controlled Contouring
M15 Z Axis Route Position
M16 Retract With Clamping
M17 Retract Without Clamping
M18 Command tool tip check
M25 Beginning of Pattern
M30(X#Y#) End of Program Rewind
M45,long Long Operator message on multiple\ part program lines
message\
M47,text Operator Message
M50,# Vision Step and Repeat Pattern Start
M51,# Vision Step and Repeat Rewind
M52(#) Vision Step and Repeat Offset Counter Control
M02XYM70 Swap Axes
M60 Reference Scaling enable
M61 Reference Scaling disable
M62 Turn on peck drilling
M63 Turn off peck drilling
M71 Metric Measuring Mode
M72 Inch Measuring Mode
M02XYM80 Mirror Image X Axis
M02XYM90 Mirror Image Y Axis
M97,text Canned Text
M98,text Canned Text
M99,subprogram User Defined Stored Pattern
P#X#(Y#) Repeat Stored Pattern
R#M02X#Y# Repeat Pattern (S&R)
R#(X#Y#) Repeat Hole
S# Spindle RPM
T# Tool Selection; Cutter Index
Z+# or Z-# Depth Offset
% Beginning of Pattern (see M25 command)
/ Block Delete
List of Equivalent Format One Commands

FORMAT TWO COMMAND EQUIVALENT FORMAT ONE
COMMAND
G05 G81
M00 M02
M01 M24
M02 M26
M06 M01
M08 M27
M09 M00
M02X#Y#M70 M26X#Y#M23
M72 M70
M02X#Y#M80 M26X#Y#M21
M02X#Y#M90 M26X#Y#M22
R#M02 R#M26
X and Y Coordinates
The location on the PC board where a hole is to be drilled or a router begins or
ends a move is called a coordinate. A coordinate is a pair of measurements used
to locate that point. It is measured along an axis which runs from the front to the
back of the machine, and an axis which runs from left to right. These axes are
perpendicular to each other and are known as the X and Y axis. When the
machine is not in the routing mode, the coordinate is also the command for a drill
bit to plunge into the panel and drill a hole. The coordinate tells the CNC-7 to
move the spindle to the location and drill. There are two ways to move from
coordinate to coordinate and you must choose one of them when you are
programming. The two ways are absolute and incremental. Absolute means that
every coordinate is measured to the same location on the board. This location is
called work zero. Incremental means that every coordinate is measured to the
previous coordinate. Unless you specify otherwise, the CNC-7 runs in the
absolute mode, and part programs must be programmed for absolute. When you
program in the incremental mode, include the ICI,ON command in the part
program header, or in the MACH.DAT file. The following illustrates how a set of
holes are programmed in either absolute or incremental mode. Note that when
either the X or Y coordinate does not change from one hole to another, it does not
have to be repeated.
ABSOLUTE INCREMENTAL
XY XY
Y01 Y01
Y02 Y01
X012Y032 X012Y012
X024Y044 X012Y012
X034 X01
Inch vs. Metric
Coordinates are measured either in inch or metric (millimeters). Inch coordinates
are in six digits (00.0000) with increments as small as 0.0001 (1/10,000). Metric
coordinates can be measured in microns (thousandths of a millimeter) in one of
the following three ways:
Five digit 10 micron resolution (000.00)
Six digit 10 micron resolution (0000.00)
Six digit micron resolution (000.000)
You specify the coordinate measurement you want by using the METRIC or INCH
command in the program header. When the program is running on the machine,
all X and Y coordinates will be displayed on the screen in the form you have
chosen. Additionally, all other measurements will be displayed in this form,
including the following:
Feed Rate
Tool Diameter
Spindle Upper and Lower Limit
Rout Depth
Spindle Retract Rate
All Zero Locations
Depth Offset
Routing Distance
Leading and Trailing Zeros

When you type coordinates into the CNC-7, it is important that you understand
leading and trailing zeros. The previous section explains that the CNC-7 uses
inches in six digits and metric in five or six digits. The zeros to the left of the
coordinate are called leading zeros (LZ). The zeros to right of the coordinate are
called trailing zeros (TZ). The CNC-7 uses leading zeros unless you specify
otherwise through a part program or the console. You can do so with the
INCH/METRIC command discussed later in this chapter. If you don't specify
leading or trailing zeros, the CNC-7 will automatically use the last setting. With
leading zeros, when you type in a coordinate, the leading zeros must always be
included. If you don't, the CNC-7 will misinterpret the coordinate and move to the
wrong location on PC board. Trailing zeros are unneeded and may be left off. The
CNC-7 will automatically add them. This allows you to save time in typing the
coordinates. If you have selected trailing zeros, the reverse of the above is true.
You must show all zeros to the right of the number and can omit all zeros to the
left of the number. The CNC-7 will count the number of digits you typed and
automatically fill in the missing zeros.
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Here are some examples of using the leading zero inch mode:
X0075 Correct
X007500 Incorrect, the two trailing zeros are unnecessary
Y014 Correct
Y014000 Incorrect, the three trailing zeros are unnecessary
Here are some examples of using the trailing zero inch mode:
X7500 = 0.75 inch
X75 = 0.0075 inch
The rules for typing leading and trailing zeros for other commands are discussed
under each command.
Decimal Places
Decimals are not needed in either INCH or METRIC modes. But if you do use
them, the decimal point will automatically override leading zero or trailing zero
mode. Coordinates can be typed with or without the decimal. If you use the
decimal and the coordinate distance is less than one inch or one centimeter, you
can eliminate the zeros to the left of the decimal. For example, in the INCH format:
X.075 Correct
X00.075 Incorrect, the two zeros are unnecessary
The same applies to the METRIC format with three and four zeros to the left of the
decimal. But in either case, if you have a whole number to the left of the decimal,
it must be included. For example:
Y1.45 Correct
Y0001.45 Incorrect, the three zeros are
unnecessary
If you choose to type coordinates without the decimal, all zeros to the left of the
decimal must be shown. For example:
X00093 = 0.093 inch in inch format
Y00093 = 93 micron in metric format 000.00
Tool Commands
There are several commands used to select and control tools. Some are used
separately and others are combined to form a single command. Whenever tool
commands are used in the header, they are strictly for loading tool data into the
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CNC-7. When tool commands are intended for tool changing or for machine
movements, they must be in the body of the program. The # in each command
indicates that a number is to be used to designate quantity, distance, speed, etc.
From one to six digits are used, depending on the command. The number of the
tool specified with the tool command is the same as the tool number on the Tool
Data Page.
Tool Commands
Tool Selection
T#
T# is used to specify which tool is to be used next in the manual or automatic tool
change mode. It may be used in the part program header or body, or an M02
block step and repeat patterns. On machines with automatic tool change, the
spindle will put away the tool it is using, pick up the tool number you specify in
the place of #, and move to the next coordinate in the part program. On machines
with manual tool change, the worktable will move to the part position and stop.
The screen will display the message in the Machine Status box. After changing
the tool, you press the CYCLE START button and the machine resumes
operation. Tool numbers 1 through 9 may be specified with or without a leading
zero. (e.g. 01 or 1)
Examples of usage:
T1 Tool number one
T01 Tool number one
T10 Tool number ten
Tool Selection with Compensation Index

T#(#) is used to select a specific tool and to set the Compensation Index for that
tool. This command allows you to specify four digits. The last two are for the
index number. If you omit the last two digits, or specify zeros, the index will be
set equal to the tool number in the first two digits.
Compensation value is used in routing operations. Routing tools can bend and
deflect away from the work, especially when moved in the counterclockwise
direction. The Compensation value offsets the path of the tool to compensate for
the size and deflection of the tool. For example, a tool of 0.092" diameter might be
specified for a clockwise direction. In the counterclockwise direction, however,
you might need to use a diameter of 0.094". But you may not have such a
diameter, or it may not be possible or practical to switch tools. Instead, you can
assign an index number for a tool with a diameter of 0.094" (Refer to the CP,#,#.#
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command in the Keyboard Commands chapter). When you identify the index
number with your 0.092" diameter routing tool, the CNC-7 will offset the path of
the tool as though it were 0.094" diameter.
The Compensation Index value must be entered before the rout mode is turned
on (G00 command), and may not be changed during routing moves.
Example of usage:
T0302 Tool number 3 with Compensation Index 2
See also: CP,#,#.#
Z-Axis Infeed
F#
F# is used within a routing sequence to set the worktable feed rate, or in a drilling
sequence to set the spindle (Z-axis) infeed rate. Feed rate values are always
entered in leading zero format, e.g.: F2 means 200 inches per minute, and F02
means 20 inches per minute. The value you assign in place of #, indicates inches
per minute (IPM) or millimeters per second (mm/s). Decimals are not to be used
with this command. They will produce a message when the part program runs on
the machine. Drilling feed rates must be given to the CNC-7 or the machine will
not run. The rate may be specified in the Tool Data Page, or through the F#
command. The F# command may also be entered at the Tool Data Page to change
the infeed rate for a particular tool.
The drilling feed rate can be set from 10 to 500 IPM (4 to 212 mm/s), in increments
of 1 IPM (1mm/s). The routing table feed rate can be set from 10 to 150 IPM (4 to
63 mm/s), in increments of 1 IPM (1 mm/s). If you do not set a feed rate, the CNC-7
will use a maximum rate of 100 IPM for any router.
Examples of usage:
T01F2 Tool number one with a spindle infeed rate of 200 IPM or 200 mm/s
F07 Worktable feed rate of 70 IPM or 70 mm/s for routing

F03 Worktable feed rate of 30 IPM or 30 mm/s for routing
Retract Rate
B#
B# is used to set the spindle (Z-axis) retract rate, e.g., the speed at which the tool
is withdrawn from the work. Retract values are always entered in leading zero
format, e.g.: B02 means 200 inches per minute, and B002 means 20 inches per
minute. The value you assign in place of # indicates inches per minute (in/min) of
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millimeters per second (mm/s). Decimals are not to be used with this command.
They will produce a message when the part program runs on the machine. The B#
command may also be entered at the Tool Data Page to change the retract rate for
a particular tool. A default retract rate is established when the CNC-7 is started. If
NO B# command is specified for a tool, the default retract rate will be used. The
default rate may be changed using the RTR keyboard command. The retract rate
can be set from 10 to 1000 IPM (5 to 425 mm/s), in increments of 1 IPM (1 mm/s).
Unless altered by the RTR command, the default retract rate is 1000 in/min (425
mm/s).
Example of usage:
T01B02 Tool number one with a spindle retract rate of 200 IPM or 200 mm/s.
See also: RTR
Spindle RPM
S#
S# Sets the speed of spindle rotation. The value you assign in place of # indicates
RPM in thousands. Trailing zeros are not shown. The S# command may also be
entered at the Tool Data Page to change the rate for a particular tool. The spindle
speed on most machines may be programmed from a minimum of 14,000 RPM to
a maximum of 60,000 RPM for routers and 80,000 RPM for drilling tools. Some
machines have spindles speeds greater than 100,000 RPM. When you specify a
speed of six digits on these machines, use a decimal point, followed by a number
to indicate hundreds of RPM's. This command may not be used by itself, but must
be included in a tool selection block (T#S#).
Examples of usage:
T01S612 Tool number one with a speed of 61,200 RPM
T06F200S61 Tool number six with a feed rate of 200 IPM or 20 mm/s and a speed of
61,000 RPM
T03S6 Tool number three with a speed of 60,000 RPM
T04S110.5 Tool number four with a speed of 110,500 RPM
Override Current Tool Feed OR Speed

G07
When G07 is used inside the part program, the tool feed or speed can be changed
after G07 command. It only affects the current part program.
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Tool Diameter
C#
C# is used to select the tool diameter necessary for certain machine canned
cycles. When feed and speeds are not specified with Tool Diameter, the CNC-7
will load them from the tool diameter table if a tool diameter table has been
loaded. The value you specify in place of # indicates the diameter in thousandths
of an inch, or microns, depending on which measurement mode the machine is
set for. Trailing zeros are not shown. The C# command may also be entered at the
Tool Data Page to change the diameter of a particular tool. This command should
not be used by itself but must be included in a tool selection command block
(T#C#).
Examples of usage:
T1C.04 Set Tool number one to .040" diameter (with feed
and speed from the tool diameter page).
T1C.04F200S65 Set Tool number one to .040" diameter with an
infeed rate of 200 and spindle speed of 65,000
RPM.
See also: Canned Cycle Commands
Set Maximum Hit Count

H#
H# is used to make sure that only sharp drill bits are used to drill holes. You set
the maximum number of times that a drill tool may drill a hole (hit) by specifying a
number in place of #. Hit counters keep track of the number of times each tool bit
drills a hole. When the counter equals the maximum set by this command, the
tool bit is considered to be expired, and the machine stops drilling. If other tools
are linked to the expired tool, the machine will automatically change tools and
continue drilling. Otherwise, the worktable will move to the park position and
stop. The H# command may also be entered at the Tool Data Page to change the
maximum number of hits for a particular tool. This command should not be used
by itself, but must be included in a tool selection command block (T#H#). Leading
and trailing zeros do not apply and decimals are not allowed. This command can
also be used to turn off a hit counter so that the drill bit continues drilling. Type
the H by itself without a number and the hit counter for that tool will be turned off.
Examples of usage:
T03H2000 Tool number three set at 2,000 hits maximum
T01H Tool number one maximum hit counter is turned off
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Depth Offset
Z+# or Z-#
Z+# (or Z-#) Sets the Depth Offset for tools. This command is used in conjunction
with T# command. Depth Offset may be programmed for each logical tool. A
mean depth, common to all tools, can be supplied through the part program
header, or by you through the keyboard, or through the LOWER LIMIT or ROUT
DEPTH switches on the Touch Screen. The Depth Offset is programmed as a
deviation or offset from the mean depth. You supply the offset in place of #.
The offset value will be in inch or metric, LZ or TZ, depending on how the
machine is set. The offset can be supplied in increments of 0.001" (0.01mm).
Decimal mode may be used. Plus signs (+) may be omitted, but minus signs (-)
must be used to indicate negative values. A positive value offsets the depth of the
tool above the mean depth set by you or the part program header. A negative
value represents a distance below the mean depth.
Depth Offset permits control of drill penetration depth into the backup material. A
large tool Depth Offset, requires a greater penetration depth than does an
intermediate size tool, or a small tool. Accurate penetration depth is necessary to
ensure that the tool chamfer clears the back of the last circuit board in the stack
being drilled. The mean depth, plus the programmed Depth Offset, gives you the
actual depth for that tool. The resulting actual depth must not be less than zero
because this represents the lower limit of Z-axis (spindle) travel. A minimum Z-
axis stroke length must be maintained. Therefore, the actual depth must be at
least 0.125" (3.18mm) lower than the Upper Limit set.
The Z# command may also be entered at the Tool Data Page to change the depth
offset for a particular tool. Depth Offsets may be included with preprogrammed
infeed and speed information through the keyboard or a part program header.
Offsets can also be stored on the Diameter Page. The Depth Offset may also be
included in a part program as part of an integral feed and speed block.
Examples of usage:
T01C00125Z-00001 Sets drill penetration depth for tool 01 to 0.001" below the mean
depth
T02C0009Z Sets drill penetration depth for tool 02 to the mean depth
T03C00008Z00002 Sets drill penetration depth for tool 03 to 0.002" above the mean
depth
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Link Tools for Automatic Tool Changers
#/#/#
#/#/# links tools together so that when one tool expires (too dull to drill anymore),
the machine will automatically change tools and continue drilling. Naturally, all
the tools linked together must be the same size. You select the tools to be linked
by specifying a tool number in place of #. You may link as many of the same size
tools together as you need. When the CNC-7 reads this command in your part
program, it will update the Tool Data Page to show which tools are linked
together.
Tools will be used in sequence from left to right, as you specify in the command.
The tool linking command may also be entered at the Tool Data Page to change
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the linking arrangement. Tool linking does not apply to the Tool Management
System (TMS). The maximum hit counter tells the CNC-7 when it is time to replace
a worn-out tool, and tool linking tells the CNC-7 which tool is to be used next.
Tool linking is used in conjunction with Automatic Tool Change (ATC). When ATC
is OFF, the CNC-7 will PARK the worktable and instruct you to replace the tool in
the collet. If ATC is ON, but tool linking is disabled, the machine will put the tool
away and request a replacement.
Example of usage:
1/5/6 Link tools number one, five, and
six.
Clearing Tool Linking

A slash, all by itself in a block, will clear any previous tool linking performed by
the Tool Linking command described above. When the CNC-7 reads this
command in your part program, it will clear the links, which are displayed on the
Tool data page if your machine is equipped with an ATC Toolchanger.
Hierarchy of Tool Commands
When several tool commands are combined into one, the order of their
appearance in the combined command can be very important. The CNC-7 reads
the command from left to right. The commands on the left can be overridden by
the commands to the right.
For example, look at the following two sample commands:
T01F190S73C.038 T01C.038F190S73
Both commands contain the same information, but in a different order. In the first
example, the CNC-7 selects tool 01, sets the feed at 190 IPM, sets the spindle
speed at 73,000 RPM, and then is told that the diameter of the bit is 0.0038". The
CNC-7 will now look at the Tool Diameter Page and use the feed and speed listed,
if any, in the table. It may ignore the feed and speed you specified in the
command. In the second sample, the opposite is true. The CNC-7 selects tool 01,
looks in the Tool Diameter Page for a drill bit of 0.0038" diameter, then sets the
feed at 190 IPM and the speed at 73,000 RPM. The feed and speed in the Diameter
Page will be ignored.
Tool Changing
If you have only manual tool changing on your machine, then you must specify in
the part program when you want to change the tool. If you have automatic tool
change on your machine, you need to specify not only when to change tools, but
which tool the spindle is to pick up. Changing a tool is a simple matter. When you
get to the point in the program where the tool is to be changed, just type in a tool
command and specify which tool is to be used for the next operation. Nothing
has to be said about the tool that you are dropping. If you need to have a special
18
RPM or infeed rate used with the tool, include it with the tool command.
Drilling and Routing Commands

When you switch from a drill bit to a router, or vice versa, the CNC-7 needs to
know what mode it is in: drilling or routing. This is done with the G00 or G05
commands, which are described later in this chapter. As soon as the CNC-7
encounters one of these commands in the part program, it knows which mode it
is in. Several other commands will also tell the CNC-7 whether it is in drilling or
routing mode. These are the canned cycles commands which are described in the
next section.
Rout Mode
G00
G00 turns the routing mode on and the drilling mode off. This command is
required before any routing can be performed. An X and Y coordinate must be
provided to move the worktable to a starting point for routing. When the CNC-7
encounters this command, the worktable moves to the X,Y coordinate. The
spindles will not plunge into the work until a plunge command (e.g. M15) is given.
Compensation is automatically turned off during the move and can be turned on
again after the move. The G00 command remains in effect until another G00
command, or a G01, G02, G03, or G05 command is encountered. Do not use this
command when the Z-axis is in the rout position. The tool can be damaged by a
high speed move.
Format: G00X#Y#
Drill Mode
G05
G05 turns the routing mode off and returns to the default drill mode. This
command is programmed in a block by itself and remains in effect until a G00 is
encountered. G05 is not needed if routing has not been turned on by any rout
command in the part program. Any coordinates following the G05 command will
cause the worktable to move at maximum velocity to the command position and
perform a drill stroke. The spindles will start to rotate above the tool holders with
Automatic Tool Change (ATC) ON, and at the Drill Ready position with ATC OFF.
Special note: The G81 command, when used in Format 1, is equivalent to the G05
19
command. The G81 command, when used in Format 2, becomes equivalent to the
G82 command.
Routing Commands
Excellon has developed a series of fourteen commands which are used strictly
for routing. Each of these commands are presented here.
Linear Move
G01
G01 turns on linear interpolation mode. This means that the machine will begin
routing in a straight line. If you supply an X and/or Y coordinate with the
command, the machine will rout a straight line from the current position to the
coordinate position. If you do not supply coordinates, the CNC-7 will look for
coordinates in a succeeding block, and rout to the first coordinate found. Unless
a different rate has been set, linear movement will occur at a default rate of 100
IPM (42.3 mm/s) at 100% feed rate. This can be overridden with the F# command,
described in the Tool Commands section of this chapter, or with the FEED RATE
buttons on the Touch Screen.
Format: G01(X#)(Y#)
Circular Clockwise Move

G02
G02 turns on circular interpolation mode and sets clockwise direction of travel. If
you supply an X and/or Y coordinate with the command, the worktable will move
to that coordinate position. The move will be made along an arc in a clockwise
direction at a controlled velocity. If you do not supply coordinates, the CNC-7 will
look for coordinates in a succeeding block, and rout to the first coordinate found.
The arc must be equal to or less than 180 degrees. The arc radius or the arc
center offset is specified either by the A# command or the I#J# command. These
commands are indicated as optional. If they are not included in the G02
command, they must be included in a previous block of the program, either alone
or with another routing command. The A# and I#J# commands are discussed in
the next sections. Unless a different rate has been set, movement will occur at a
default rate of 100 IPM (42.3 mm/s) at 100% feed rate. This can be overridden with
the F# command, described in the Tool Commands section of this chapter, or
with the FEED RATE switches on the Touch Screen.
Examples of usage (these are three separate examples):

EXAMPLE NUMBER COMMAND DESCRIPTION
20
1 G02X0245Y021A00075
Übertragung unterbrochen
ial" COLOR="#ffffff"
Sets radius to 0.075"
2 G02X0245Y021A00075 Sets radius to 0.075"
X025567Y020567 Circular clockwise move
with 0.075" radius
X025567Y020567 Circular clockwise move
X0246Y0154A0015 with 0.075" radius
Circular clockwise move
with 0.15" radius
Format: G02(X#)(Y#)(A#) G02(X#)(Y#)(I#J#)
Circular Counterclockwise Move

G03
G03 turns on circular interpolation mode and sets counterclockwise direction of
travel. If you supply an X and/or Y coordinate with the command, the worktable
will move to that coordinate position. The move will be made along an arc in a
counterclockwise direction at a controlled velocity. If you do not supply
coordinates, the CNC-7 will look for coordinates in a succeeding block, and rout
to the first coordinate found. The arc must be equal to or less than 180 degrees.
The arc radius or the arc center offset is specified either by the A# command or
the I#J# command. If they are not included in the G03 command, they must be
included in a previous block of the program, either alone or with another routing
command. The A# and I#J# commands are discussed in the next sections. Unless
a different rate has been set, movement will occur at a default rate of 100 IPM
(42.3 mm/s) at 100% feed rate. This can be overridden with the F# command,
described in the Tool Commands section of this chapter, or with the FEED RATE
switches on the Touch Screen.
EXAMPLE NUMBER COMMAND DESCRIPTION
X025567Y020567 Circular counterclockwise
move with 0.075" radius
X025567Y020567 Circular counterclockwise
X0246Y0154A0015 move with 0.075" radius
Circular counterclockwise
move with 0.15" radius
Format: G03(X#)(Y#)(A#) G03(X#)(Y#)(I#J#)

21
Arc Radius
A#
A# Specifies the arc radius of a circular move. You specify a radius in place of #.
The digits you supply will be in inch or in metric mode, however the system is
set. The arc radius command is used in conjunction with the G02, G03, G32, or
G33 commands discussed in this section. If the radius you specify does not fit
the X,Y coordinates supplied with these commands, the CNC-7 will adjust the arc
to fit the coordinates. The following figure shows how the arc is adjusted.
Arc Center Offset

I#J#
I#J# Specifies the distance from the arc center to the starting point of the arc to
be routed. I# specifies the offset distance along the X axis and J# specifies the
offset distance along the Y axis. I and J distances are measured from the arc
center, not from work zero.
Routed Circle Canned Cycle CW or CCW

G32
G33
G32 or G33 is used to rout out an inside circle. The G32 command routs in a
clockwise (CW) direction, and the G33 command routs in a counterclockwise
(CCW) direction. These commands provide automatic plunge, retract, and
22
compensation with plunge and retract points off the circle to prevent gouging.
You supply the coordinates for the center of the circle in place of X#Y#, and a
radius in place of A#. A# may be omitted if the radius is the same as the previous
rout move. The minimum radius size is one half of the Compensation Index value,
plus 0.01" (0.254 mm). Anything less results in a message. A# can be omitted if
the radius is the same as one specified several rout moves back, with no radius
being specified in between.
Note: Cutter compensation is always used. Commands G32 and G33 must be
used for each inside circle to be cut. The pattern repeat code P cannot be used
with these two commands. The G32 and G33 commands cause the machine to
plunge 0.01 inch (0.254mm) off the edge of the circle, rout 540 degrees in the
appropriate direction, end up 0.1 inch (2.54mm) off the edge of the opposite side
of the circle, and retract. The Feed command (F#) may be entered in the block
prior to the G32 or G33 commands to set the Table Feed Rate.
For example:
G00
F02
G32X04Y04A005
The G32 command will generate the following sequence internally:

G00X#Y#
M15
G02X1Y1Ac (where Ac = A# - one half compensation
value)
Y2
Y1
XrYr
M17
Note: If a specific controlled table feed rate is desired, the G32 or G33 must be
preceded with a G00 block containing the feed rate.
Format: G32X#Y#A# G33X#Y#A#
Cutter Compensation Off

G40
G40 turns cutter compensation off. This command is programmed in a block by
itself. Cutter compensation is discussed with the G41 and G42 commands below,
and with the Cutter Compensation Page.
THIS COMMAND MUST NOT BE USED WHILE PLUNGED!
Example of usage:
G40
23
See also: G41, G42, Cutter Compensation Page
Cutter Compensation Left
G41
G41 turns cutter compensation on for the tool being used to rout. The
compensation path is left of the part relative to the direction that the tool is
moving.
THIS COMMAND MUST NOT BE USED WHILE PLUNGED! A Compensation Index
must be specified on the Cutter Information Page for the tool being used. Without
an Index there will be no compensation applied to the tool after compensation is
turned on. A value must be assigned to the index number. Compensation will
continue for all routing moves until a G00, G40, or G42 command is encountered,
or the part program ends. The command must be programmed in a block by itself.
Example of usage:
G41
See also: G40, G42, Cutter Compensation Page, Compensation Index
Cutter Compensation Right

G42
G42 turns cutter compensation on for the tool being used to rout. The
compensation path is right of the part relative to the direction that the tool is
moving.
THIS COMMAND MUST NOT BE USED WHILE PLUNGED! A Compensation Index
must be specified on the Cutter Information Page for the tool being used. Without
an index there will be no compensation applied to the tool after compensation is
turned on. A value must be assigned to the index number. Compensation will
continue for all routing moves until a G00, G40, or G41 command is encountered,
or the part program ends. This command must be programmed in a block by
itself.
Example of usage:
G42
See also: G00, G40, G41
24
Z Axis Rout Position with Depth Controlled
Contouring
M14
M14 is provided for routing machines equipped with the optional router depth
control scale. The M14 command performs the same function as the M15
command and also enables Depth Control Contouring. The command causes the
spindle to plunge to the Rout Down position, the position from which rout moves
are made. The vacuum is turned on and Depth Controlled Contouring is enabled.
To perform Depth Controlled Contouring, depth control must be enabled and the
tool must be declared as a depth controlled tool. A depth controlled plunge will
be performed, where the machine senses the touchdown of the pressure foot to
determine the proper depth. Throughout the cut, the height of the material is
continuously monitored. The spindle height is adjusted automatically to maintain
a constant depth into the material. Depth Controlled Contouring is turned off by
G32/G33 and M15 commands, and at End of Program. With the exception of the
G32 and G33 commands, a rout position command must be used before any rout
moves are made. When a rout move is complete, the spindles are retracted, and
the worktable moves to another rout position. A rout position command must
then be used again before starting the rout move.
Z Axis Rout Position

M15
M15 causes the spindle to plunge to the Router Down position. This is the
position from which rout moves are made. The vacuum is turned on and the
spindle clamps are applied. For machines so equipped, if depth control is
enabled and the tool is declared as a depth control tool, a depth controlled
plunge will be performed. This is where the machine senses the touchdown of the
pressure foot to determine the proper depth. This depth is then maintained for the
duration of the cut. With the exception of the G32 and G33 commands, a rout
position command must be used before any rout moves are made. When a rout
move is complete, the spindles are retracted, and the worktable moves to another
rout position. A rout position command must then be used again before starting
the rout move.
Retract with Clamping

M16
M16 turns off vacuum, releases the spindle clamps, and causes the spindle to
25
retract out of the Router Down position to the Upper Limit position.
The Floating Pressure Foot is activated 0.2" (5mm) before the end of the line
segment preceding the M16 Retract command, unless the Pressure Foot Switch
is off. The M16 command is programmed in a block by itself.
Retract without Clamping

M17
M17 turns off vacuum, releases the spindle clamps, and causes the spindle to
retract out of the Router Down position to the Upper Limit position.
The Floating Pressure Foot is not activated by this command. The M17 command
is programmed in a block by itself.
Canned Cycle Commands

Most PC boards have integrated circuits installed in them. These circuits use a
pin pattern that is standard throughout the electronics industry. By using a
simple command, you can type the coordinates of two pin holes and the CNC-7
will automatically drill the rest. This is called a "canned cycle". Excellon has
supplied you with commands for drilling a large hole or a slot when you don't
have a router to use. These are also canned cycles.
Excellon Supplied Stored Patterns

Excellon has built five canned cycles into system software for your use:
Dual In Line Package 8 Pin Circular L Package Drill a large hole with a drill bit Drill
a slot with a drill bit
Each of these cycles is described below.
Dual In Line Package

G82
G82 Drills a dual in line integrated circuit hole pattern. The optional X and Y
values in the first block of the command determine the space between the holes
and the space between the rows of holes. The X value determines the spacing
between the holes, and Y value determines the space between the two rows. If
26
these parameters are omitted, the X and Y values will be 0.100 and 0.300
respectively. The next two blocks in the command contain X and Y coordinates
specifying the two opposite corners of the desired pattern. The CNC-7 uses the
two coordinates to determine the number of pins, and locations of the pattern,
and the direction of the pattern. The G82 command drills a Dual In Line Package
in both Format 1 and Format 2. The G81 and G82 commands both do the same
thing in Format 2. The G81 command in Format 1 however, is equivalent to the
G05 command.
Format 2 Format 1
G82/G81(X#Y#) G82(X#Y#)
X#Y# X#Y#
X#Y# X#Y#
Note: Do not use the G82 command to program square packages. Since the G82
command is only given the two corners of the pattern, it will not know which side
to put the pins on. You may also see different results from one machine type to
another. Use the repeat hole commands to generate square patterns where
necessary.
Eight Pin L Pack

G83
G83 Drills a circular eight pin package with pin spacing of 0.400 inch. You supply
the coordinates for two opposite holes. They are on either the vertical or
horizontal centerline of the pattern, whichever you choose.
Format: G83 X#Y# X#Y#
Canned Circle
G84
G84 Cuts a hole by drilling a set of overlapping holes around the circumference
of a circle. The hole is programmed by specifying the center of the circle with an
X and Y coordinate, followed by another G84 command, followed by an X
dimension which specifies the diameter of the circle in thousandths of an inch or
microns. This command must be in one block. It may not be broken up onto
different lines (blocks) of the part program. The smallest hole diameter allowed is
twice the tool diameter. If a smaller diameter is specified, the CNC-7 will display a
message on the screen. The CNC-7 will use the drill size found in the tool
diameter table to compensate the cutting radius. If the size is zero (not specified),
a 0.125 diameter will be assumed by the CNC-7. Drilling overlapping holes around
the circle creates a hole. This leaves protrusions around the edge of the hole. The
holes are spaced close enough that these protrusions are less than 0.0005".
27
Format: X#Y#G84X#
Slot
G85
G85 Cuts a slot by drilling a series of closely spaced holes between two points.
The start of the hole is programmed with an X and Y coordinate, followed by the
command, followed by the ending X and Y coordinate. The tool is specified with a
T command prior to the G85 command. The tool size MUST be specified prior to
using this command. The size may be provided by the Operator through the
console, in the part program body, or the part program (M48) header. The slot is
as wide as the drill bit used. The slot is created by drilling a series of evenly
spaced adjacent holes from one end of the slot to the other. This leaves
protrusions around the edge of the hole. Then another set of spaced holes is
drilled between the previous set. This continues until a smooth sided slot has
been produced. The holes are spaced close enough that these protrusions are
less than 0.0005".
Routed Step Slot Canned Cycle

The G87 code is used to rout a slot by making multiple passes. Each pass cuts
deeper into the slot by a specified amount until the desired depth is reached.
The form of the G87 block is:
X1Y1G87X2Y2Z-#U#
Where:
X1Y1 - Start of slot X2Y2 - End of slot Z-# - Depth increment (must be a negative
value) U# - Initial depth offset
The beginning and ending points (X1Y1, X2Y2) define the center of the slot at
each end. Cutter compensation is NOT applied during step slot routing. The final
depth of the slot must be specified according to the current depth mode, prior to
the G87 block. This may be done either within or outside of the part program. G87
supports all depth modes, i.e. depth control and non-depth control routing. The
initial depth (U code) is given as a positive offset above the final depth. The depth
increment (Z code) is a negative value specifying the distance the cutter will
plunge each pass through the slot. Note that the final plunge distance may be
reduced in order to complete the slot at the proper depth. The G87 command
internally generates the following program sequence:
G40
T#Z#
G00X1Y1
28
M15
G01
X2Y2
G00X2Y2
T#Z#
G00X2Y2
M15
G01X1Y1
G00X1Y1
. . . M17
Each M15 advances the cutter deeper into the slot until the desired depth is
reached. Note that the spindle is not raised until the slot is completely routed.
Example of usage (Controlled penetration (Mode 3) routing):
T6Z-.05 Pick up tool 6 and set the rout depth at .05 inches into the
backup
X05Y06G87X05Y07Z-.1U.2 Rout a 1 inch long slot (Y axis). The machine will rout the slot
in 3 passes at the following depths: 1st pass: .15 inches
above the backup 2nd pass: .05 inches above the backup 3rd
pass: .05 inches into the backup
Note: The pattern repeat 'P' code cannot be used with this command.
Format: X#Y#G87X#Y#Z-#U#
See also: Setting up Depth Control
User Defined Stored Patterns

Most likely you will have many other patterns that you often use. Just imagine a
board with 30 24-pin IC's. That's 720 holes to write coordinates for! It would be
nice to have a simple command that would allow you to locate just one hole for
each IC and let the CNC-7 figure out where the rest go. The M99 command is just
such a command. It allows you to program patterns which you use frequently,
store them on a device, and use them later in a part program. These are called
user defined patterns. When you use the M99 command, you specify the name of
the file containing the pattern, along with the XY coordinate of the first hole to be
drilled. The CNC-7 copies the pattern from the file and drills the rest of the holes.
User defined patterns are not just for drilling holes. They can be used to drill
and/or rout, provide set-up information, and perform step-and-repeat patterns.
Each of these is described in detail below.
Creating a Pattern
Patterns are created by using the Editor to type a set of X and Y coordinates.
Drilling patterns locate the coordinates of each hole to be drilled. Routing
29
patterns locate the coordinates of rout moves. Coordinates may be programmed
in either absolute or incremental mode, the same as the part program. For
example, if the part program is written in the incremental mode, the user defined
pattern must also be incremental. It is also important to know which version of X
and Y coordinates are used by the part program. Version refers to the direction of
X and Y coordinates. The version of your user defined pattern must be the same
as your part program. Otherwise the worktable will move in the wrong direction
when it drills or routs the pattern. Once you have programmed the set of
coordinates, store them as a file on the system software disk. The following
figure shows how to program the coordinates for 10 pin pattern. This is a sample
to illustrate the form of a pattern and how to program it. The coordinates are
shown in both absolute mode with leading zeros and incremental mode with
trailing zeros.
Naming Your Patterns

When you enter the Editor to program the coordinates of the pattern, you must
first specify a name for your pattern. That name will be the name of the file on one
of the system's devices. Along with the filename, specify the device to be used.
You must specify which device you want the file stored on. Typically, you will
want the M99 patterns stored with the non-replaceable data in USER (on the hard
disk), or on the floppy disk containing the part program which calls the M99 file.
Each file name must be different (unique), should relate to the purpose the file
was created for, and should not be too long. Rules and guidelines for naming the
files are covered later in this chapter.
Using a User Defined Stored Pattern

To use the User Defined Stored Pattern, type the M99 command, as described
below. The CNC-7 will copy the pattern into memory from the device and drill or
rout the rest of the pattern. This command requires two blocks in the part
program. When the CNC-7 encounters an M99 command, it searches the device
and copies the stored pattern file you identified with "name". Next the CNC-7
temporarily changes the work zero to the location specified by X#Y#. This
temporary zero is dropped after M99 completion. The CNC-7 then carries out all
the instructions in the pattern in the order they are presented. The X,Y
coordinates in the pattern are relative to the X#Y# in the M99 command. The
machine moves from one coordinate to another in succession. Upon completion
of the last instruction in the pattern, the CNC-7 returns to the part program and
continues with the next command. The M99 pattern may include any part program
commands except the M99 command itself. This includes set-up information,
such as tool feed and speed or any of the commands used in the part program
body.
Format: M99,name X#Y#
30
Repeating Stored Patterns
Often you will need to repeat stored patterns. Earlier we presented a possible
situation of a board with 30 24-pin chips. This situation lends itself to using the
repeat pattern command saving time when writing programs.
Repeat Stored Pattern

P#
P tells the CNC-7 to repeat the previous Excellon supplied stored pattern. It can
also be used to repeat M99 stored patterns. You specify the number of repeats
(up to three digits) in place of # following the P. An X and/or Y coordinate must be
used to define the spacing between the start of the patterns. These coordinates
must be in the same block as the P; they may not be on a separate line.
Examples of usage:
P9X3.23 Repeat nine times, spaced by X3.23 P03X# Repeat three times P20X#Y#
Repeat twenty times P200X# Repeat two hundred times The following figure
illustrates how to use the repeat pattern command in a part program. This
illustration uses the 10-pin pattern which we created earlier in this chapter.
Repeating a Hole
Some electrical components have so may variations of pin quantities that it
would be highly impractical to create a user defined pattern for each one. As an
alternative, the repeat hole command lets you locate the first pin hole and let the
CNC-7 drill the rest without a stored pattern.
Repeat Hole
R#
This command drills a series of equally spaced holes from the previously
specified hole. The number following the R (up to four digits) specifies the
number of repeats. An X and/or Y coordinate must be used to define the spacing
between hole centers. These coordinates must be in the same block as the R:
they may not be on a separate line.
Examples of usage:
R9X001 Repeat nine times on X axis every 0.100"
R03Y1.5 Repeat three times on Y axis 1.5" apart
R20X00075Y00103 Repeat twenty times along a sloped line
R200X000075 Repeat two hundred times on X axis every 0.0075"
R4000X0009 Repeat four thousand times on X axis every 0.090"
This method may be easier than developing a stored pattern with 32 coordinates.
31
Format: R#X#(Y#)
Canned Text
M97
It is possible to drill a series of holes that spell out words or numbers. The M97
and M98 commands allow you to program the CNC-7 to write a message on the
board. This feature can be used to:
Identify a company or product.
Supply a part number.
Identify the machine operator.
Date the board.
The machine will drill a series of holes to spell out the message you supply in
place of text. M97 drills the text along the X+ axis and the M98 drills along the Y+
axis.
The characters you can use are:
A through Z
0 through 9 + - / *
Commas will be interpreted as spaces.
An asterisk (*) will be replaced by text which has been identified with the OPID
keyboard command. The OPID command can identify up to 20 characters. If you
have entered an asterisk as part of an M97/M98 command, and either OPID,OFF
has been entered, or no OPID command has been entered, the asterisk will be
ignored. Any text after the asterisk in the M97/M98 command will be moved to the
right to close up the gap left by the asterisk.
Both commands will start drilling at the X,Y coordinate which follows the
command. If no tool diameter is specified in the Tool Page, the CNC-7 will use the
default letter height of 0.25", and will drill the holes 0.0417" apart. If a diameter is
specified, the holes that make up the characters will be spaced 1.2 diameters
between hole centers. The characters are drilled on a 4x7 grid (4 columns in 7
rows).
Format:
M97,text X#Y#
M98,text X#Y#
See also: OPID
32
Canned Text Offset
CAN_TEXT_OFF
It is possible to offset the original X, Y coordinate given by the M97 and M98
commands to shift the position of the text away from the edge clamps. This
command will affect all M97/98 commands.
CAN_TEXT_OFF,#,# The first parameter is X coordinate, and the second parameter is
Y coordinate.
CAN_TEXT_OFF,# Modify the X coordinate only.
CAN_TEXT_OFF Show the current value of X, Y in machine status window.
Step and Repeat Commands

Step and Repeat means to drill or rout a pattern, move to another location and
repeat the pattern. This feature is a great time saver for programmers. It can be
used to repeat a large variety of patterns on the same board or to make several
PC boards from one large panel. For example, let's say that you are making six
boards out of one panel. You can load a tool and drill all the holes in one board
for that size tool. Then step and repeat all the same size holes for the next five
boards. Next, change the tool and return to the first board and repeat the
procedure until all six boards are drilled with that tool. This procedure can be
continued until the boards are completely finished. A Step and Repeat pattern
begins with an M25 command and ends with an M01 command (M24 in Format 1).
Two or more M02 commands are inserted after the pattern to identify how many
repeats are to be made. The M02 commands also supply the coordinates where
the repeats are to begin. If you have commands that you don't want repeated,
such as screening holes and tool changes, you perform them before the M25
command. The number of things you can do between the M25 and M01
commands is almost limitless:
Repeat canned cycles
Repeat user defined patterns
Drill holes Rout Change tool
Drill and rout Repeat holes
Canned text
Turn things sideways or upside down
Mirror image Repeat entire PC boards!
Following are step and repeat commands with an explanation of how to use them.
33
Beginning of Pattern
M25
M25 indicates the beginning of the part program section which is to be repeated.
These commands do not actually cause a repeat action by themselves, but work
in conjunction with the M01 and M02 commands. The M25 and % commands are
equivalent, and are programmed in a block by themselves.
End of Pattern
M01
M01 indicates the end of the part program section which is to be repeated. This
command is programmed in a block by itself.
Format 2 Format 1
M01 M24
Repeat Pattern Offset

M02
The M02 command causes a repeat of all the commands between the M25
command and the M01 command. The M02 command is incremental. This means
that the coordinate X#Y# is the distance from the beginning of the last pattern,
not the distance from Work Zero. A separate M02 command is required for each
repeat of the pattern of set of patterns. After the last M02 repeat command, an
extra M02 command which requires no coordinates, must be added in a block by
itself. This will clear a counter built into the system software. The M02 command
must always occur after the M01 command discussed above, and before the M08
command discussed below.
Format 2 Format 1
M02X#Y# M26X#Y#
End of Step and Repeat

M08
M08 indicates the end of all step and repeat commands. If all M02 commands
have not been completed, the CNC-7 will return to the last start of pattern
command and repeat. When all patterns have been completed, the program will
continue on past the M08, finding either an end of program command or more
34
program information. An M30 end of program command may be combined with
this command, otherwise it is programmed in a block by itself.
Format 2 Format 1
M08 M27
Repeat Block
R#M02
R#M02 is used in place of the M02 command, discussed above, for a pattern
which has the same X coordinate or the same Y coordinate as the previous
pattern. It is useful when making a column of evenly spaced parts. The number
following the R indicates the number of repetitions of the pattern. You specify the
coordinate (X# or Y#) which changes. The X or Y coordinate which does not
change can be left out of the command, at your option. The Repeat Block
command may be used with the mirror image or swap axis commands which are
discussed in the next section. The following figure illustrates the use of this
command to produce a column of patterns with the same Y coordinate. The
repeat pattern offset M02 command is also shown for comparison. They will both
produce the same column of patterns.
Format 2 Format 1
R#M02X#Y# R#M26X#Y#
See also: Mirror Image, Swap Axis
Swap Axis
M70
Mirror Image and Swap Axis
You can make better use of PC board materials and reduce setup time by turning
the axis of the boards by 180 degrees, or by reversing the axis to create a mirror
image, or both. Excellon provides you with three commands which enable you to
reverse and/or rotate the axis of a pattern, or an entire PC board. These
commands are step and repeat commands and must be used in combination with
the M25 and M01 commands, described earlier in this chapter. The swap rotates
the pattern 90 degrees and makes a mirror image by changing the X axis to Y, and
the Y axis to X. This command is used in a step and repeat offset block only, as
shown.
Format 2 Format 1
M02X#Y#M70 M26X#Y#M23
35
Mirror Image X Axis
M80
M80 creates a mirror image of a pattern or group of patterns by reversing the sign
of the X axis coordinates. All X+ coordinates will be changed to X-, and all X-
coordinates will be changed to X+. The Y coordinates remain the same. This
command is used in a step and repeat offset block only.
Format 2 Format 1
M02X#Y#M80 M26X#Y#M21
Mirror Image Y Axis

M90
M90 creates a mirror image of a pattern or group of patterns by reversing the sign
of the Y axis coordinates. All Y+ coordinates will be changed to Y-, and all Y-
coordinates will be changed to Y+. The X coordinates remain the same.
This command is used in a step and repeat offset block only.
Format 2 Format 1
M02X#Y#M90 M26X#Y#M22
Nested Step and Repeat Commands

Step and repeat programs may contain multiple step and repeat patterns, one
within the other. When a pattern has been stepped and repeated, it creates two
identical patterns. These two patterns can be stepped and repeated to form four
patterns, etc. Or you can create three identical patterns and then step and repeat
to form six. This procedure is known as nesting. An unlimited number of M01
commands can be used in any one step and repeat section. The following figure
shows just how powerful a few commands can be when they are nested.
Following the M25 command, a user defined stored pattern routs an L shaped
hole, and an M01 commands marks the end of the pattern. Next an M02 offsets
Work Zero by the distance X#Y#, and another M02 repeats any pattern between
itself and the M25 command. Then an M01 ends the repeat. This produces a total
of two patterns. A third M02 offsets Work Zero by the distance X#Y#, and a fourth
M02 repeats any patterns between itself and the M25 command. There are now
four patterns in this category, so four patterns are repeated. Then an M01 ends
the repeat. This produces a total of eight patterns. An M08 ends the step and
repeat.
Setup Commands
Setup commands speed set-up and reduce operator involvement when preparing
36
your machine for a new job. As with all Excellon commands, parentheses () are
used to indicate options. These commands must be used in the part program
body. They cannot be used as keyboard commands.
The following table provides a list of each of the setup commands in the order
they are detailed below.
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
G90 Absolute Mode
G91 Incremental Input Mode
G93X#Y# Zero Set M18 Command tool tip check
M45,text\ Long Operator message
M47,text Operator Message
M60 Reference Scaling enable
M61 Reference Scaling disable
M62 Turn on peck drilling
M63 Turn off peck drilling
M71 Metric Measuring Mode
M72 Inch Measuring Mode M96 Select Spindle Group
Details of the Setup commands are described in the following sections.
Absolute Mode
G90
G90 Sets absolute measuring mode, which causes all coordinates to be
referenced to work zero. G90 must be programmed in a block by itself.
Incremental Mode
G91
G91 Sets incremental mode, which causes all coordinates to be referenced to the
last coordinate. This mode does not change Work Zero.
The computer accumulates the coordinates into absolute dimensions, starting
from Work Zero. The incremental accumulators are cleared at the end of a step-
and-repeat pattern, the end of the program, or by a system reset. Clearing the
accumulators sets them back to Work Zero. G91 is programmed in a block by
itself.
37
Zero Set
G93
G93 Sets work zero relative to absolute zero. You supply a coordinate value in
place of #. The CNC-7 adds the zero set coordinates to the zero correction and
false zero to set up the new work zero (zero set + zero correction + false zero =
work zero). The adding together of separate values allows the user to build part
programs that will run on any Excellon machine, regardless of the tooling
configuration.
Format: G93X#Y#
Operator Message
M47
M47 halts automatic operation of the machine and lights the red CYCLE STOP
indicator light. The message you supply in place of text is displayed on the
console screen, along with the M47 block. You may supply up to 20 numbers or
letters for text. When the operator presses the CYCLE START button, the program
will resume. This command can be used to identify a part program before the
operator runs it.
Format: M47,text
See also: M45
Long Operator message

M45
M45 halts automatic operation of the machine and lights the red CYCLE STOP
indicator light. The message you supply may consist of multiple lines of text,
each (except the last) terminated by a backslash "\" character. A total of up to 78
characters per line may be supplied, and there is no practical limit on the length
of the message. The first line which is NOT terminated by a backslash indicates
the end of the M45 message. As the system encounters each M45 message in
sequence, the machine will stop and bring up the display program (see TYP or
HELP) to display the message. You can use the display program to page through
VERY long messages. To continue operation, you must QUIT out of the display
program, and press START to restart the machine. If the screen is in use when
the M45 is encountered (e.g.: in the editor), the system will wait until you return to
the displays before bringing up the display program. M45 messages may be
38
displayed ONLY the first time through the program for setup purposes (e.g.:
telling the operator which kinds of backup, entry material, etc to use) or they may
be displayed each time the program is run (refer to the M45_REDISPLAY VSB
command). If the M45 messages are displayed only the first time through, you
must clear the program out of memory with an "I" or "SI" command in order to
get the M45 messages to display again.
Format: M45,text\ text\ text
See also: M47, TYP
Reference Scaling enable

M60
M60 Enables Reference Scaling. Any drilled hole coordinates following this
command will be adjusted per the Reference Scaling values entered by the
operator and displayed on the Reference Scaling page. This command allows the
part program to enable Reference Scaling under part program control so that
certain coordinates can be scaled, others not. This part program command is
equivalent to entering the SCLR,ON keyboard command to enable Reference
Scaling.
See also the description on setting up Reference Scaling.
Format: M60
Reference Scaling disable

M61
M61 Disables Reference Scaling. Any drilled hole coordinates following this
command will NOT be adjusted per the Reference Scaling values entered by the
operator and displayed on the Reference Scaling page. This command allows the
part program to disable Reference Scaling under part program control so that
certain coordinates can be drilled without Scaling. This part program command is
equivalent to entering the SCLR,OFF keyboard command to disable Reference
Scaling.
See also the description on setting up Reference Scaling.
Format: M61
39
Turn on peck drilling
M62
This command allows the part program to enable peck drilling under part
program control. This part program command is equivalent to entering the
PECK,ON keyboard command
Format: M62
Turn off peck drilling

M63
This command allows the part program to disable peck drilling under part
program control. This part program command is equivalent to entering the
PECK,OFF keyboard command
Format: M63
Tool tip check

Programmed tool tip check
M18
M18 commands a tool tip check under part program control. This command
allows you to request a tool tip check at any point in the program you desire. No
M18 command is necessary to request the tool tip checks which are performed by
the system when starting the machine or after a toolchange. These do not have to
be programmed with an M18 command. The M18 is normally not needed for Depth
Controlled drilling, but may be useful under certain special circumstances. For
example:
1) When doing testing and you want to collect data about a number of tool tip
checks without going through toolchanges.
2) When doing extremely critical depth controlled drilling where you are
concerned about compensating for normally minimal factors, such as thermal
spindle growth or drill wear.
M18 has no effect if Depth Control is not enabled, or if Depth Control is not on for
the particular tool in question.
Format: M18
40
Metric Measuring Mode
M71
M71 Sets metric measuring mode. Any values following this command in the part
program will be interpreted as millimeters, millimeters per second, or meters of
cutting distance. This command does not translate inch values to metric; it
merely assumes all values to be metric. M71 will use the digit format you last
selected (000.000, 0000.00, 000.00) or, if you did not select any, the default format
of 000.000. M71 must be programmed in a block by itself. It should be used only
at the beginning of a part program, before the first hole is drilled or before the
first rout plunge.
Inch Measuring Mode

M72
M72 Sets inch measuring mode. Any values following this command in the part
program will be interpreted as inches, inches per second, or feet of cutting
distance. This command does not translate metric values to inch, it merely
assumes all values to be inch. M72 must be programmed in a block by itself. It
should be used only at the beginning of a part program, before the first hole is
drilled or before the first rout plunge.
Format: Format 2 Format 1
M72 M70
Select Spindle Group
M96
M96 selects one of the spindle groups previously defined by the Spindle Group
Assignment keyboard command (SG). M96,OFF will turn the spindle group mode
off from within a part program. After an M96,OFF command is encountered, the
operator can be prompted with a message (using the M47 command) to manually
select the desired spindle group for further operations.
Format: M96,# or M96,OFF
Stop Commands
Stop commands are used to temporarily stop the running of the part program or
to indicate the end. Many of these commands may contain X and Y coordinates
which cause the worktable to position but not to drill. If the coordinates you
specify in the commands exceed the worktable limits, the limits will override your
coordinates.
NOTE: In each of these stop commands, the coordinate (which you provide) is
41
relative to absolute zero, not work zero. Absolute zero is in the X and Y version (1
through 8) which is currently selected. As with all Excellon commands,
parentheses () are used to indicate options. Each command is entered by
pressing the RETURN key after typing the command. The following table provides
a list of each of the setup commands, in the order they are detailed below.
List of Stop Commands

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
G04X# Variable Dwell
M09(X#Y#) Stop for Inspection
M06(X#Y#) Optional Stop
M00(X#Y#) End of Program, No Rewind
M30(X#Y#) End of Program, Rewind
Details of the Stop commands are described in the following sections.
Variable Dwell
G04
G04 Halts the machine for the time you specify in place of #. This command is
used, for example, to cool a router bit after a long cut. The dwell time is
interpreted as 1 millisecond per increment in the current coordinate measurement
mode (inch or metric). The dwell time may be programmed from 1 to 10 seconds
of 1 msec. If you program beyond these limits, or if you do not supply a value, the
dwell time defaults to 10 seconds.
Format: G04X#
Example of usage:
G04X001 = 1 second
Stop for Inspection

M09
M09 Halts automatic operation of the machine and lights the red CYCLE STOP
indicator light. The Machine Status box on the console screen will display the
message:
If you supply a coordinate (X#Y#), the worktable will move to that position relative
to absolute zero. If you do not provide a coordinate, the machine stops in its
current location (it does not self park). Pressing the CYCLE START button will
continue the program.
Format:
42
Format 2 Format 1
M09(X#Y#) M00(X#Y#)
Optional Stop
M06
M06 this command is similar to the Stop for Inspection command, with the
exception that the operator must turn the function on at the keyboard. When the
operator types the OSTOP,ON command before the M06 command is
encountered, the machine will stop for inspection. If OSTOP is OFF, the CNC-7
will ignore the M06 command. To continue the part program after an optional
stop, the operator presses the CYCLE START switch.
Format:
Format 2 Format 1
M06(X#Y#) M01(X#Y#)
End of Program, no rewind

M00
M00 indicates the end of the part program with no rewind of the paper tape. If you
specify a coordinate (X#Y#), the worktable moves to that position relative to
absolute zero. If no coordinate is supplied, the worktable will move to the park
position.
Format:
Format 2 Format 1
M00(X#Y#) M02(X#Y#)
See also: End of Program Command file
End of Program, rewind

M30
M30 indicates the end of the part program with rewind of the paper tape. The tape
will rewind until it encounters an End of Rewind command (%). If none is found,
the tape will rewind to the end of the tape. If you specify a coordinate (X#Y#), the
worktable moves to that position relative to absolute zero. If no coordinate is
supplied, the worktable will move to the park position.
See also: End of Program Command file
43
Binary Map Commands
M19 code inside the part program will allow the machine to drill binary map code.
The characters after M19 will be treated as binary map code only when you
specify the binary map input from part program. Otherwise it will be ignored. See
also Binary Map Setup Commands.
Format: M19 or M19,######
Rules for Naming Your Programs

Part programs and user defined patterns are stored as files on floppy disks, hard
disk directories, or on a remote file server (such as a DataWorkshop). You must
give each file a name so that the CNC-7 can identify each file. When you display
the list of files in the directory, the different file names will display in the file
selection pop-up window. File names may be from 3 to 12 characters long on the
hard disk, or up to 20 characters long on a ZOS format floppy disk. You may use
the following characters, in any order:
A through Z
0 through 9
?%-$!
The characters space, tab, comma, quotes and backslash, as well as "&@(){}[]<>"
are specifically prohibited.
Forward slashes - "/" - usually will not work, since the operating system takes
this character as a directory identifier.
Examples of file names:

IC32PIN Describes a 32-pin pattern for an IC
WO6443 Work Order number
6443 PO11640 Purchase Order 11640
Sample Part Program

Following is a sample part program developed by Excellon. It was designed to
demonstrate how part program commands work together to produce a PC board
with a variety of drill patterns. The pattern shown below is produced from this
part program.
1. M48 Part Program Header
2. R,C Reset Clocks
3. R,H Reset Hits
4. R,T Reset Tool Information
5. VER,1 Axis Version Select
6. FMAT,2 Excellon Format Two
44
7. INCH,LZ Inch Mode, Leading Zero Format
8. BLKD,OFF Block Delete Switch
9. SBK,OFF Single Block Mode Switch
10. SG,OFF Spindle Group Select
11. TCST,OFF Tool Change Stop Switch
12. ICI,OFF Incremental Mode Switch
13. OSTOP,OFF Optional Stop Switch
14. RSB,ON Front Panel Reset Button Switch
15. ATC,ON Auto Tool Change Switch
16. FSB,ON Feed and Speed Button Switch
17. T1C.0135F080S80B0500H F=Feed
1500 S=Speed
B=Retract
H=Max Hits
Z=Z-Axis Depth Offset/Compensation
18. T2C.032F070S70B0700H2
000
19. T3C.043F160S53B1000H3
000
20. T4C.052F132S44B1000H3
000
21. T5C.062F109S36B1000H3
000
22. T6C.070F099S33B1000H3
000
23. T7C.125F040S20B1000Z-
.010
24. T8C.250F020S20B1000Z-
.020
25. % End of Rewind Block
26. M47,DRILL DEMO Operator Message
27. G05 Drill Mode
28. M72 Inch Mode
29. G93X0325Y015 Zero Set
30. T1 Pick Up Tool One (339 Hits)
31. M25 Beginning of Step & Repeat
45
32. X042Y01 (Start Original Pattern)
33. R9X0005
34. Y0105
35. R9X-0005
36. M01 End of Pattern <NESTED STEP AND REPEAT
ARRAY(MAXIMUM OF 3 M01)>
37. R2M02XY001 1st Array
38. M01 End of Pattern
39. R2M02X007Y 2nd Array
41. R2M02XY007 3rd Array
42. M08 End of Step & Repeat
43. G83
44. X003Y041 <CIRCULAR EIGHT PIN PATTERN>
45. X007Y041
46. G83
47. X011Y041
48. X015Y041
49. T2 Pick Up Tool Two (1,322 Hits)
50. X03Y05G85X03Y047
51. X034Y046G85X031Y046
52. X03Y042G85X03Y045
53. X026Y046G85X03Y045 <DRILLED SLOT PATTERN>
54. G045X005 Variable Dwell (5 Seconds)
55. X032Y047G85X033Y049
56. X031Y045G85X033Y043
57. X029Y049G85X027Y043
58. X027Y049G85X029Y047
59. M97,COMPLEX,PART,PR
OGRAM
60. X0115Y003 Reference Location
61. M98,DEMONSTRATION,P <CANNED TEXT>
ANEL
63. M97,EXCELLON,AUTOM
46
ATION
65. T3 Pick Up Tool Three (134 Hits)
66. G82
67. X005Y033 16 Pin 0.1 x .3
68. X012Y036
69. G82X.1Y.4
70. X02Y033 28 Pin 0.1 x .4
71. X033Y036
72. G82X.2Y.5
73. X04Y033 16 Pin 0.2 x .5
74. X054Y038
75. G82X.1Y.6
76. X04Y023 32 Pin 0.1 x .6
77. X055Y029
78. G82
79. X037Y042 14 Pin 0.1 x .3
80. X04Y048
81. P2X007 Stored Pattern Repeat
82. T4 Pick Up Tool Four (104 Hits)
83. M25 Beginning of Step and Repeat
84. X01Y018
85. R8Y-001 Original Pattern
86. R4X001
88. M02X002Y002M70 Axis Swap
89. M02X043M90M70 Mirror Image Y Axis Swap
90. M02X002Y-002M80 Mirror Image X
91. M02X- Mirror Image X Y Axis Swap
002Y038M80M90M70
92. M02X002Y002M80M90 Mirror Image X Y
93. M02X-047M90 Mirror Image Y
94. M02X002Y-002M80M70 Mirror Image X Axis Swap
95. M02 Offset Counter Control
96. M08 End of Step and Repeat
47
97. T5 Pick Up Tool Five (76 Hits)
98. M99,LOGO User Defined Stored Pattern
100. T6 Pick Up Tool Six (57 Hits)
101. X0025Y01 Move to And Drill
102. G91
103. Y001
104. Y001
105. Y001 < Stored Program Called LOGO Located On
Disk Drive 2>
106. Y001
107. Y001
108. X001
109. X001
110. X001 XY007
111. X001 R2Y-001
112. X001 Incremental Mode R6X001
113. Y-001 R5Y-001
114. Y-001 R8X001
115. Y-001 R2Y001
116. Y-001 R6X-001
117. Y-001 R8Y001
118. X-001 R6X001
119. X-001 R2Y001
120. X-001 R8X-001
121. X-001 R5Y-001
122. X-001 R5X-001
123. G90 Absolute Mode
X012Y007
R2X001
R2Y-001
R5X-001
R2X001Y001
124. R5Y001 125. R5X001 REPEAT HOLE (One Axis Moves)
126. R5Y-001
127. R4X-001
48
128. X016Y046 Move to and Drill
129. R4X.1Y.1
130. R4X.1Y-.1 REPEAT HOLE (Two Axis Moves)
131. R4X-.1Y-.1
132. R3X-.1Y.1
134. T8 Pick Up Tool Eight (3 Hits)
138. T7 Pick Up Tool Seven (78 Hits)
139. X009Y046G84X005 Drilled Circle Pattern
140. XY Move to and Drill Program Zero
141. M30 End of Program, Rewind
Vision Assist Commands

Vision Assist commands are used with the Vision Assisted Drilling
and/or Routing option. The additional commands described in this
section allow to to do precise drilling relative to a set of visible
landmarks. Several vision commands are provided, and allow you to
locate reference landmarks and drill and/or rout patterns relative to
them. Commands are provided for selecting vision tools, single point
offsets, multipoint compensation, drilling a target, and
Autocalibration. In addition, nested vision functions are provided so
that you can use one set of landmarks to compensate the
approximate panel locations, and nested functions to find precise
targets within the panel. As with all Excellon commands, parentheses
() are used to indicate options. These commands must be used in the
part program body. They cannot be used as keyboard commands. The
following table provides a list of each of the vision commands in the
order they are detailed below.
COMMANDS DESCRIPTION
G34,#(,#) Select Vision Tool
G35(X#Y#) Single Point Vision Offset (Relative to Work Zero)
G36(X#Y#) Multipoint Vision Translation (Relative to Work Zero)
49
G38(X#Y#) Vision Corrected Single Hole Drilling (Relative to Work Zero)
G39(X#Y#) Vision System Autocalibration
G45(X#Y #) Single Point Vision Offset (Relative to G35 or G36)
G46(X#Y#) Multipoint Vision Translation (Relative to G35 or G36)
G48(X#Y#) Vision Corrected Single Hole Drilling (Relative to G35 or G36)
M50,# Vision Step and Repeat Pattern Start
M51,# Vision Step and Repeat Rewind
M52(#) Vision Step and Repeat Offset Counter Control
Details of the Vision commands are described in the following sections.
Select Vision Tool

G34,#,#
G34 Selects a vision tool for use. The number following the G34 is the number of
the vision tool, which starts at one. If there are five parameters, parameters two
through four are four vision tools used for inspecting a large target. In the case of
more than one parameter, the last optional number is an offset used for a four
point vision cycle using four consecutive vision tools. In the case of multiple tool
use, the inspected center will be the average of the four results. This is useful
when inspecting targets which are large relative to the field of view. G34 and its
arguments are programmed in a block by themselves. This command may have
one of three forms:
G34,v1 "v1" tool is used for inspection G34,v1,delta "v1" tool is used for four
inspections at a spacing of "delta" around the target. G34,v1,v2,v3,v4,delta Tools
"v1" through "v4" are used to do four inspections at a spacing of "delta" around
the target.
Single Point Offset

G35X#Y#
G35 is used to find a single point offset which is used to adjust a series of
locations which follow. For example, you might want to drill a series of holes
relative to the inspected location of a visible pad. The coordinate provided with
the G35 is the location of the pad to be measured, and the amount of variance to
the ACTUAL location of the pad will affect all coordinates that follow. Please note
that G35 is relative to the current work zero, and is not affected by any current
vision translation or offset. G35 and G36 cannot be active at the same time. G35
and its coordinate are programmed in a block by themselves.
50
Multipoint Vision Translation
G36X#Y#
G36 is used to adjust a series of locations relative to two or three alignment pads
which can be seen by the Vision System. For example, you might want to align
the drilled pattern to some alignment pads. Two or three G36 commands are used
in series, depending on the setting of the ROTATE variable in the Vision
Configuration file. If two G36 codes are used, the pattern is adjusted for offset
and rotation only. If three G36 codes are used, the pattern is adjusted for offset,
rotation, and stretch. The coordinate provided with the G36 is the location of the
pad to be measured, and the amount of the variances are used together to
translate all coordinates that follow. Please note that G36 is relative to the current
work zero, and is not affected by any current vision translation or offset. G35 and
G36 cannot be active at the same time. G36 and its coordinate are programmed in
a block by themselves.
Cancel Vision Translation or Offset

G37
G37 is used to cancel a G35 or G36 adjustment which has been set up previous to
this point in the part program. After this command has been used, all coordinates
that follow are strictly relative to work zero, and are unaffected by any vision
translation or offset. G37 is programmed in a block by itself.
Vision Corrected Single Hole Drilling

G38X#Y#
G38 is used to locate a target at the specified location and drill a hole in the
middle of it. This is useful for hitting the center of a critical pad or other target.
The coordinate provided with the G38 is the location of the pad to be drilled, and
the amount of the variance is used to translate just this one hole. Please note that
G38 is relative to the current work zero, and is not affected by any current vision
translation or offset. G38 is not affected by, nor does it affect the current G35 or
G36 translation or offset. G38 and its coordinate are programmed in a block by
themselves.
Vision System Autocalibration

G39X#Y#
G39 is used to drill a series of holes used to calibrate the Spindle to Camera
51
Offset. The number of holes to be drilled is specified by the COUPON setup in the
Vision Configuration file. If entry material is being used, you will be instructed to
install and remove the entry material at the appropriate places. This function is
useful when it is desired to highly automate the use of the Vision System in a
production environment, recalibrating the Vision System regularly, perhaps every
board, to assure proper operation of the system.
The coordinate provided with the G39 is the location of the first calibration hole.
All other variables are provided by the COUPON setup in the Vision Configuration
file.
Please note that G39 is relative to the current work zero, and is not affected by
any current vision translation or offset. G39 is not affected by, nor does it affect
the current G35 or G36 translation or offset.
G39 and its coordinate are programmed in a block by themselves.
Nested Single Point Offset

G45X#Y#
G45 is used to find a single point offset which is used to adjust a series of
locations which follow. For example, you might want to drill a series of holes
relative to the inspected location of a visible pad. The coordinate provided with
the G45 is the location of the pad to be measured, and the amount of variance to
the ACTUAL location of the pad will affect all coordinates that follow. Please note
that G45 is relative to the current G35 or G36 vision translation or offset. G45 and
G46 cannot be active at the same time. G45 and its coordinate are programmed in
a block by themselves.
Nested Multipoint Vision Translation

G46X#Y#
G46 is used to adjust a series of locations relative to two or three alignment pads
which can be seen by the Vision System. For example, you might want to align
the drilled pattern to some alignment pads. Two or three G46 commands are used
in series, depending on the setting of the ROTATE variable in the Vision
Configuration file. If two G46 codes are used, the pattern is adjusted for offset
and rotation only. If three G46 codes are used, the pattern is adjusted for offset,
rotation, and stretch. The coordinate provided with the G46 is the location of the
pad to be measured, and the amount of the variances are used together to
translate all coordinates that follow. Please note that G46 is relative to the current
G35 or G36 vision translation or offset. G45 and G46 cannot be active at the same
time. G46 and its coordinate are programmed in a block by themselves.
52
Cancel Nested Vision Translation or Offset
G47
G47 is used to cancel a G45 or G46 adjustment which has been set up previous to
this point in the part program. After this command has been used, all coordinates
that follow are relative to the original G35 or G36 vision translation or offset. It is
important to understand that the G47 does not affect the G35 or G36, but simply
cancels the G45 or G46 translation. G47 is programmed in a block by itself.
Nested Vision Corrected Single Hole Drilling

G48X#Y#
G48 is used to locate a target at the specified location and drill a hole in the
middle of it. This is useful for hitting the center of a critical pad or other target.
The coordinate provided with the G48 is the location of the pad to be drilled, and
the amount of the variance is used to translate just this one hole. Please note that
G48 is relative to the current G35 or G36 vision translation or offset. G48 is not
affected by, nor does it affect the current G45 or G46 translation or offset. G48
and its coordinate are programmed in a block by themselves.
Vision Step and Repeat

Step and Repeat. Vision Commands
The vision step and repeat commands M50, M51 and M52 are a powerful set that
help to optimize vision assisted drilling and routing.
By using these commands, all the patterns on a panel may be vision inspected
first and the resulting corrections used over and over as many times as needed,
usually after tool changes. For example, after inspection a drill tool may be used
to drill all patterns with the regular step and repeat commands. Then the tool may
be replaced and the holes of that diameter may be drilled on all patterns and so
on. This procedure eliminates the need for extra tool changes which would be the
case if these commands were not used.
Vision Step and Repeat Pattern Start

M50,#
M50 is used to indicate the beginning of a vision correction pattern which is
expected to be repeated later on. The number that follows the command is a label
or marker used to "name" that particular pattern so it may be referenced later
with the command M51. This command is normally used in the part program right
before an M25, so the machine will vision inspect the pads contained in the main
53
pattern enclosed between M25 and M01, and then it will also inspect the
equivalent targets contained in the stepped and repeated patterns marked by M02
creating a set of vision corrections for each of them all. As previously said, the
main advantage of this command is that along with M51 and M52 allows the part-
programmer to vision inspect a pattern and use the generated corrections any
time later, for example after tool changes. Please note that M50 is not affected by,
nor does it affect the current G36, G38, G45 or G46 translation or offset. However,
it should be used in conjunction with G36 and/or G46. M50 and its label are
programmed in a block by themselves.
Vision Step and Repeat Rewind

M51,#
M51 is used to rewind a vision correction "pointer" back to a previous pattern in
order to use the vision corrections stored with the command M50. The number
that follows the command is the same label or marker used to "name" that
particular pattern with the command M51.
This command is normally used in the part program right before an M25, and after
a tool change command T# so the machine will use the vision corrections for the
main pattern enclosed between M25 and M01 and the subsequent step and repeat
patterns marked by M02. M51 and its mandatory label are programmed in a block
by themselves. Note that the label following M51 must be previously used with
M50.
Vision Step and Repeat Offset Counter Control

M52[#]
M52 is used to advance the vision correction "pointer" to the next pad in a pattern
that it is being corrected after an M51,#. Because G36 or G46 are used only in the
main pattern with M50, any time the vision corrections for that pattern are used
again, they must be replaced with M52s. There must be as many M52 commands
after an M51 as G36/G46 there were in the main pattern under M50. For example, if
three G36 were used after M50, three M52 would be necessary after M51. To
simplify the part-program an optional number may follow the command to
indicate the total number of M52 in only one block. In this case the block would
look like this: M52,3. This command is normally used in the part program right
after an M25, so the machine will advance the vision corrections every time it
steps and repeats. M52 and its optional label are programmed in a block by
themselves.
Note that M51 must precede M52.
Vision Step and Repeat Examples

There are two ways to write a part-program using these vision step and repeat
54
commands. Both of them produce the same results, but allow the programmer to
use the method with which he/she feels more comfortable. One of these methods
combine vision blocks with drill blocks. In this case the part program looks very
much like a standard drill program. The second method has a step and repeat
section just for the vision inspection blocks and then is followed by subsequent
sections where the drilling blocks are specified. An example of the first procedure
follows:
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
M48
T1S20F09
T2S20F09
T3S20F09
%
G34,1 Vision tool number
G36X-0087Y-007 Panel pre-alignment targets
G36X-0087Y155
G36X09Y155
T1
M50,1 Vision Step and Repeat Pattern Start
M25
G46XY Alignment targets
G46XY02
G46X02Y02
X005Y005
X0051Y0151
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
T2
M51,1 Vision Step and Repeat Rewind
M25
M52,3 Vision Step and Repeat Offset (Replaces previous
G46's declared inside M50)
X01Y005
X0101Y0151
55
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
M50, 2 New vision Step and Repeat Pattern Start
M25
G46X015Y Alignment targets
G46X01Y02
G46X02Y03
X01Y002
X01Y018
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
T3
M25
M52,3 Vision Step and Repeat Offset
X015Y005
X0151Y0151
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
M30
An example of the second procedure looks like:

COMMAND DESCRIPTION
M48
56
T1S20F09
T2S20F09
T3S20F09
%
G34,1 Vision Tool Number
G36X-0087Y-007 Panel pre-alignment targets
G36X-0087Y155
G36X09Y155
M50,1 Vision Step and Repeat Pattern Start
M25
G46XY Alignment targets
G46XY02
G46X02Y02
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
T1
M25
X005Y005
X0051Y0151
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
T2
M25
X01Y005
X0101Y0151
57
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
M50,2 New Vision Step and Repeat Start
M25
G46X015Y New Alignment Targets
G46X01Y02
G46X01Y02
X01Y002
X01Y018
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
T3
M25
X015Y005
X0151Y0151
M01
M02X03
M02X03
M02
M08
M30
Part Program Vision Commands

In addition to the regular vision part program commands seen before, several
keyboard commands may be included inside the part program to change the
configuration and set up of the vision system at run time while the machine is
inspecting targets. This feature adds great flexibility to the inspection process,
58
allowing the machine to adapt itself to variations throughout the inspected
panels. Most of these commands are the equivalent to screen buttons, which
means that while executing these commands, the machine will behave as if there
was an operator modifying the set up as the inspection phase progresses. Please
note that when vision mode is enabled, the machine performs two complete
passes thru the part program. In the first one, only vision commands are
executed. On the second pass, the drilling/routing operations are carried on. The
syntax of these commands is the same as if they were issued from keyboard. The
only difference is that they must be preceded by the symbol "$". For a complete
detail of the operation of these commands, see the Buttons section. A list of them
and a brief description follows:
$uvis,auto,on(off) Entry material used/not used
$uvis,box,on (off) External video processor
used/not used
$uvis,search,on (off) Turn autosearch on
$uvis,searcharea,# Specify the radius of the area to
search
$uvis,entry,on (off) Same as $uvis,auto,on
$uvis,insp,# Set number of vision inspections
If your machine is equipped with Servo Controlled Variable Zoom and Focus, the
following additional commands are available:
$uvis,focus,x#y# Auto focus at the indicated location
$uvis,lamp,# Change camera light to indicated value
$uvis,zoom,# Set magnification to passed level
$uvis,calib Do camera to spindle offset calibration
$uvis,alg,#,# Specify algorithm number and fiducials
Part Program Vision Commands Examples

The following example shows a typical vision assisted part program with the
addition of specific commands which permit the user to change the machine's
vision configuration at run time and so further automating the inspection
procedure.
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
M48
T1S20F09
T2S20F09
T3S20F09
59
%
$uvis,search,on Turn Autosearch ON
$uvis,zoom,7 Change Magnification Level
$uvis,lamp,30 Change Camera Light Intensity
$uvis,focus,xy Auto Focus on Target at Work Zero
$uvis,alg,0,2 Use Excellon Algorithm (0) with 2 Fiducials
$uvis,zoom,3
$uvis,calib Perform Auto Camera Calibration
$uvis,lamp,25
$uvis,insp,2 Request two inspections
G34,1
G36XY
G36X8.6Y
$uvis,search,off Turn Autosearch OFF
T1
G34,2
$uvis,zoom,7
$uvis,calib
$uvis,lamp,55
$uvis,alg,0,3 Use Excellon Algorithm (0) with 3 Fiducials
$uvis,insp,1 Make one inspection
M50,1
M25
G46XY
G46X2.4Y
G46X1.2Y2.4
XY
M01
R3M02X3.1Y
M01
R6M02XY2.9
M08
T2
M51,1
M25
60
M52,3
X2.4Y
M01
R3M02X3.1Y
M01
R6M02XY2.9
M08
T3
M51,1
M25
M52,3
X1.2Y2.4
M01
R3M02X3.1Y
M01
R6M02XY2.9
M08
$uvis,lamp,0 Turn Camera Light Off
M30
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Part Programming

Part Program Headers

Additionally, if the programmer wants to change the speed of the direction of a

Writing a Part Program

Beginning of a Part Program Header

See also: Part Program Headers

End of a Part Program Header

See also: Part Program Headers, M48, M49

Commands Used in a Header

AFS Automatic Feeds and Speeds

ATC Automatic Tool Change

BLKD Delete all Blocks starting with a slash (/)

Keyboard and Header Commands vs. Body

List of Equivalent Format One Commands

Leading and Trailing Zeros

Tool Selection with Compensation Index

F07 Worktable feed rate of 70 IPM or 70 mm/s for routing

See also: RTR

Override Current Tool Feed OR Speed

Set Maximum Hit Count

Clearing Tool Linking

Drilling and Routing Commands

Circular Clockwise Move

Examples of usage (these are three separate examples):

Circular Counterclockwise Move

Format: G03(X#)(Y#)(A#) G03(X#)(Y#)(I#J#)

Arc Center Offset

Routed Circle Canned Cycle CW or CCW

The G32 command will generate the following sequence internally:

Format: G32X#Y#A# G33X#Y#A#

Cutter Compensation Off

Cutter Compensation Left

Cutter Compensation Right

Z Axis Rout Position

Retract with Clamping

Retract without Clamping

Canned Cycle Commands

Excellon Supplied Stored Patterns

Dual In Line Package

Eight Pin L Pack

Format: G83 X#Y# X#Y#

Routed Step Slot Canned Cycle

User Defined Stored Patterns

Naming Your Patterns

Using a User Defined Stored Pattern

Format: M99,name X#Y#

Repeat Stored Pattern

See also: OPID

Step and Repeat Commands

Repeat Pattern Offset

End of Step and Repeat

See also: Mirror Image, Swap Axis

Mirror Image Y Axis

Nested Step and Repeat Commands

Details of the Setup commands are described in the following sections.

See also: M45

Long Operator message

Format: M45,text\ text\ text

See also: M47, TYP