Sanitary Drainage Systems

SANITARY DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS
General rules in designing the Sanitary System:
• The pipes should take the shortest possible route to the house sewer or the
terminating point of the Sanitary system
• Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and vents, should be located
strategically so as to ensure efficient circulation
Subsystems of the Sanitary System:

• Waste Collection System
• Ventilation System
WastePipe conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter.
used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the
Vent Pipe
negative pressure exerted on trapseals.
a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a

Trap liquid seal which prevents the backflow offoul air or methane gas without materially
affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings extending through one or
Stack more stories and extended thru the roof.
Branch any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack.
CHANGES I N D I R E C T ION OF SANITARY
DRAINAGE L I N E S
Horizontal to Horizontal change in direction
use 45° wye branches, combination wye – 1/8 bend branches, or other
approved fittings of equivalent sweep
Vertical to Horizontal change in direction
45° wye branches or other approved fittings ofequivalent sweep
Horizontal to vertical change indirection
use 45° or 60° wye branches, combination wye -1/8 bend branches, sanitary tee or
sanitary tapped tee branches, or other approved fittings of equivalentsweeps.
Sanitary Drainage System
M I N IMUM S LOPE OF
SANITARY DRAINAGE L I N E S
Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe– 2% or 20mm/m (¼” per foot).
Exception: Where it is impracticable due to depth of street sewer, adverse structural

features and irregular building plans, pipes 102 mm dia or larger may have a slope of
not less than
1%or 10mm/m (1/8” per foot), approved by the Administrative Authority
TRAPS FOR PLUMBING SYSTEM
TRAPS
• Device scientifically designed to prevent the back flow of
gases coming from the septic tank or sewer line passing
through the outlet of the fixture.
• Basic function is to prevent those objectionable gases from

entering the plumbing system. The principle is to form a
mechanical barrier against the passage of sewer air.
In 1856, when 1st patented trap in US was innovated,
manufacturers offered various form and design. Tests showed
that the most practical form ever developed is P-trap
(gooseneck).
Analyzing its mechanical function, the only separation between

the unhealthy gas to the fixture is the water caught inside the
trap.
Water seal (trap seal) – is the retained water between the

overflow and the dip of the trap.
Sanitary Drainage System
Classifications:
The Common P-Trap
• Has 5cm deep water seal

• Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, & urinals
• Materials commonly used for the
P-trap: nickel, chrome plated brass, Galvanized malleable copper, & PVC.
The Deep Seal P-Trap

• Has 7.5cm to 10cm water seal
• Water seal is about twice the size of the common P-trap
• Used for extreme weather conditions because resealing quality is
greater
• Reseal – scientific principle that water at rest tends to seek a level and
maintain it.
Various forms of Permissible Traps:
The Stand Trap
Used for fixtures such as slop sinks that are usually built low in the
ground, leaving very little space for a foundation & a trap
Serves as a water seal & structural support for the fixture
The Running Trap
Used within the line of the house drain

REQUIREMENTS:
Traps REQUIRED
Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be

separately trapped with an approved-type waterseal trap.
Only one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm (portion of a fixture drain between a trap and the
vent)
One trap, centrally located, may serve three single compartment sinks or laundry tubs or
lavatories, adjacent to each other and in the same room, where their waste outlets are not
more than 0.75 m apart.
Some other types of Permissible Traps:

1. Stand Trap 5. Extra Heavy Type
2. Brass Trap
3. High Hub Trap 6. 6 Sink or Lavatory Type
4. Low Hub Trap

The objectionable traps which are
found defective includes:

1. The full size S and the ¾S Traps.
2. The Bag Traps.
3. Mechanically Sealed Traps.
4. Light metal partition traps.

SIZE OF TRAPS:
The trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which it is
connected.
Each fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less than
51 mm and not more than 102 mm (except where a deeper seal
is found necessary by the Administrative Authority for special
conditions.
P-Trap Installation provides that:

1. All traps shall be self cleaning.
2. P-Trap should be installed as near the fixture as practical.
3. Short vertical leg eliminate high velocity of water discharge which create
siphonage, the major cause of trap seal loss.
4. The P-Trap should be installed within 60 cm of the fixture and accessible for cleaning
through the bottom opening closed by a plug. All traps are subject to stoppage, hence,
should be provided with cleanout or be designed that could be disassembled with little
effo rts.
5. Long run of horizontal pipe called running trap could be used only
near the drain of the floor area or yard. Also called Running Trap.
6. All traps are subject to stoppage, so they shall be provided with clean
outs.
7. The dip portion of the trap should be as short as possible to avoid
retarded flow of water. Likewise, the horizontal leg connection to the
waste pipe must be short for effective ventilation.
8. Overflow pipe from the fixture shall be connected to the inlet side of the
trap.

7. That, each fixture shall have its own trap. The
following are exceptions to the rule:
a. Two laundry trays and a kitchen sink connected to a

single trap.
b. Not more than 3 laundry tray using one trap and
c. Three lavatories on a single trap.

Drum Trap

 The drum trap derived its name from
its form and size being large in diameter.
1. For fixture that are set on the floor such as bath tubs,
foot & sitz bath, etc.
2. For fixtures that discharges substantial amount of
water wherein trap-seal loss is more prevalent.
3. Used as terminal for soda fountain, bar wastes and
any type of indirect waste.
4. Designed in two types
(a. 100 x 125 mm, b. 100 x 200mm)
Advantages & Disadvantages if Drum Traps

Advantages
1. Greater amount of water may pass through it in a shorter
interval without danger of trap seal loss.
2. It has a higher re-sealing quality than the P-trap.
Disadvantages
1. It is large and cumbersome
2. It is unsightly if the installation is exposed.
3. The cleanout mechanism is above the water seal.
4. To clean the drum trap need lubricant and a fiber washer
in the joint between the cove and the body of the trap.
 The National Pluming Code
has regulated the minimum
diameter of traps and drain
sizes to be installed
depending upon the class of
user for which the
installation is to serve.
Classifications of fixtures to be installed:
1.

Class 1 – For Private Use applied to fixtures in
residences, apartment and private bathroom of
hotels and etc.
2. Class 2 – For Semi-Public Use applied to fixture in

office buildings, factories, dormitories and etc.
3. Class 3 – For Public Use such as

schools, gymnasium, hotels, railroad and bus
terminals, public CR’s and etc.

The House Trap

 House Trap is a device installed in the house drain that act as barrier to
prevent the gasses from the public sewer line or septic tank in circulating
through the plumbing system of the house.
INSTALLATION OF TRAPS:
The vertical distance between a fixture outlet tailpiece and the trap weir shall not exceed 0.60
m in length.
Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms

TRAP ARM DISTANCE
DIAMETER TO VENT
Note: In no case shall the
32 mm 0.76 m trap distance be less than 2
times the diameter of the
38 mm 1.07 m trap arm.
51 mm 1.52 m
76 mm 1.83 m
102 mm & larger 3.05 m
The developed length of the trap arm (measured from the top of closet ring to inner edge of vent )
of a water closet or similar fixture shall not exceed 1.8 m.
For trap arm 76 mm dia or larger, a cleanout is required for a change of direction of greater
than 22 ½ °.
GOOD DAY

Sanitary Drainage Systems

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SANITARY DRAINAGE

Subsystems of the Sanitary System:

a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a

Horizontal to Horizontal change in direction

Vertical to Horizontal change in direction

45° wye branches or other approved fittings ofequivalent sweep

Horizontal to vertical change indirection

Exception: Where it is impracticable due to depth of street sewer, adverse structural

• Basic function is to prevent those objectionable gases from

Analyzing its mechanical function, the only separation between

Water seal (trap seal) – is the retained water between the

• Has 5cm deep water seal

The Deep Seal P-Trap

Serves as a water seal & structural support for the fixture

The Running Trap

Used within the line of the house drain

Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be

3. High Hub Trap 6. 6 Sink or Lavatory Type

4. Low Hub Trap

2. The Bag Traps.

3. Mechanically Sealed Traps.

4. Light metal partition traps.

a. Two laundry trays and a kitchen sink connected to a

b. Not more than 3 laundry tray using one trap and

c. Three lavatories on a single trap.

2. Class 2 – For Semi-Public Use applied to fixture in

3. Class 3 – For Public Use such as

Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms

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