Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
Sta. Elena, Marikina City

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN HISTORY OF PHILLIPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Prepared by: Janice M. Banagbanag

I. OBJECTIVES:

A. General:
Understand the history of the Philippine educational system.

B. Specific:
1. State the stages of development of the Philippine educational system.
2. Appreciate the teaching methods used in the Philippine educational
system by providing good examples base from the real life situation.
3. Illustrate the educational aims of the Philippine educational system
from the Pre-Spanish Period up to the present period.
4. Explain the educational aims of the Philippine educational system
from the Pre-Spanish Period up to the present period.

II. SUBJECT MATTER: History of Philippine Educational System

Reference: Tulio, Doris, Foundation of Education 2, pages 111 to 131.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines

Materials:
 LCD Projector
 Laptop
 Waistband PA Amplifier
 Manila Paper
 PowerPoint presentation of the History of Philippine Educational
System

Values Integration/ Value Aims: “The purpose of learning is growth and it can be
continue growing as long as we live in it positively.”

III. INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY (Expected Response)

 A. Pre- Activity:
1. Greetings
2. Prayer
3. Checking of
attendance
4. Motivation
The teacher will
set an agreement
into the class, that
is, students who
participated in the
class discussion
and got five (5)
correct answers
from the teachers’
question will be
considered
exempted for a
quiz to be done at
end of the lesson.

B. ACTIVITY

Last meeting we have been

discussing about men in the
modern education periods.
Now, who was considered the The father of modern education is John Amos Comenius also known as
Johan Amos.
“father of modern education?”

Who was the “father of the Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel was known as the “father of the
kindergarten?” kindergarten”

C. ANALYSIS

This meeting we are to

discuss the History of
Philippine Educational
System.

Class what do you know

about the history of Philippine Education in the Philippines has undergone several stages of
educational System? development from the pre-Spanish times to the present.

Very good! In meeting the

needs of the society,
education serves as focus of
emphases/priorities of the
leadership at certain
periods/epochs in our national
struggle as a race. Now, let’s
start and focus first on the
education during Pre–Spanish
period.

What are their educational The educational aims of education during the Pre-Spanish period were to
aims? survived and to conform, and enculturation of its practices and values.

What trainings were given to Domestic chores and practical honing like hunting and farming;
the people during those times? theoretical/moral and spiritual awakening e.g. worship, laws, and codes.

What about their teaching They were using three (3) teaching methods and that is,
methods used and teaching (1) “Tell me” and “show me” or demonstration method; (2) Observation
content? and imitation; and (3) Indoctrination. Teaching content was broad,
indefinite and unwritten, and was unstructured/incidental.

During the early years of Spanish colonization, education was mostly

religion-oriented and controlled by the Roman Catholic Church. Spanish
friars and missionaries educated the natives through religion with the aim
of converting indigenous populations to the Catholic faith.

Class, is there any No/Yes.

clarification regarding the
education during Pre–Spanish
period?

(If there is, the teacher will

discuss it again to the class.)

Ok class let’s move on to the

second stage of development
of the Philippine educational
system which is the Education
during the Spanish Era.

Spaniard’s colonized our

country for 377 years that was
from 1521-1898.

Who can enumerate and Indoctrination of Christianity, Promotion of the Spanish language and
explain the aims of Education Imposition of Spanish Culture are the primary aims of Spanish
during the Spanish Era? Education. These goals are mandated by the Royal decree of 1555.
During this period, education in the Philippines was religion-oriented
 and was primarily for the elite, especially in the early years of Spanish
colonization.
What are their agencies of Elementary School in which Reading, Writing, Sacred History, and the
Education and the subjects Catechism were taught.
offered therein for study?
In secondary school, the Beaterio de Santa Isabel (1632), Beaterio de
Santa Potenciana (1594) for girls, the Colegio de San Ignacio; Colegio
de San Rosario for boys, (which were equivalent to present day high
school) the subjects for study were 3R’s, Music and Arts and Trade,
Reading and writing in Spanish, Character education and Music,
Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, and Physics.

They have Vocational Schools, the Don Honorio Ventura College of

Arts and Trades (DHVCAT) in Nov. 4, 1861 located at Bacolor,
Pampanga which is said to be the oldest official vocational school in
Asia; Escuela de Contaduria; and Academia de Pintura y Dibujo. The
subjects for study therein were methods of farming, cultivation of plants
like corn, cotton, wheat, and various crafts like painting, carpentry,
masonry and dyeing.

However in Tertiary Schools were the Universidad de San Ignacio

(1590), Universidad de San Carlos (1595), Universidad de Santo Tomás
(1611) and Universidad de San Felipe de Austria (1640). The subjects
for study were Doctrina, Arithmetic, French, Geology, Geography,
Geometry, History of Spain, Music, Philippine History, Physics,
Reading, Sacred History, and Spanish Grammar. All of them provided
courses leading to different prestigious degrees, like Bachiller en Artes.
Upon the request of king Philip IV, raised by Pope Innocent X, the
Universidad de Santo Tomás offered courses like Law, Medicine,
Pharmacy, Philosophy, Theology and Humanities.

The above mentioned schools were introduced by the Augustinians

(1565), Franciscans (1577), Jesuits (1581) and Dominicans (1587). The
schools before were exclusive for the Spaniards. The education of the
Filipinos was focused mainly on the learning of the Christian Doctrine,
a simple catechism. The latter’s were only able to enter the school in the
late 19th century. The schools also limited their accommodations to the
sons of wealthy Filipino families in 1863.

What are the methods of The teaching methods being used during this period are dictation,
teaching used during those memorization, other techniques such as moro-moro, cenaculo, and other
times? theatrical performances.

What are the media of The media of instruction are Spanish, which was compulsory, and Latin.
instruction used?
What type of education they Their education was authoritarianism, teacher-dominated, subject
have? centered, and they imposed severe discipline.

What are the outstanding The outstanding contributions of the Spanish Friars to Philippine
contributions of the Spanish Education are the Upliftment of the Philippine Education (through
Friars to Philippine Royal Decree 1863 otherwise known as the Education Act 1863 by
Education? Minister Jose dela Concha), which provides for a complete and free
system of education and reorganization of the school curriculum, and
linguistics, the Arte y Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala” by Juan
Quinones in 1581 was the first Tagalog grammar and dictionary in the
country. Another popular Tagalog grammar was “Arte y Regla de la
Lengua Tagala” by Francisco Blancas de San Jose, printed by Tomas
Pinpin in 1610

Class, is there any No/Yes

clarification regarding the
education during Spanish
Era?

(If there is, the teacher will

discuss it again to the class.)

Let’s now move on to the

third stage of development of
the Philippine educational
system which is the Education
during the American Era.

When was the Americans 1898-1942

colonized our country?

What is their educational aim? To promote democratic ideals and way of life.

What are their agencies of The following are their agencies of education:
education?
Elementary School, located in their own town or province. A system of
free and compulsory elementary was established by the Malolos
Constitution.

Secondary or high school consisted of 4 years, the first secondary

school established by the Americans is the Negros Oriental High School
in 1902.

Vocational Schools, the Philippine Nautical School, Philippine School

of Arts and Trades (1901, now Technological University of the
Philippines), and Central Luzon Agriculture School.
 College or tertiary schools, which consisted of four years, the
Philippine Normal School in 1901 ( now Philippine Normal University)
Silliman University (1901), Central Philippine University (1905), St.
Paul University Dumaguete (1904), Cebu Normal School (1915) also a
university at present, Filamer Christian University (1904), Iloilo Normal
School in 1902 (now West Visayas State University), Zamboanga
Normal School in 1904 (now Western Mindanao State University),
National University (1901), University of the Philippines (1908),
University of Manila (1914), Philippine Women's University (1919), Far
Eastern University (1933),

Other Educational Institution was the Burgos Institute in Malolos, and

Military Academy of Malolos.

What are the subjects for Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Good Manners and Right Conduct
study offered therein? (GMRC), Civics, Hygiene and Sanitation, Gardening, Domestic Science,
American History, and Philippine History were their subjects for study.

What do you think about the English, which is compulsory.

media of instruction being
used during those times?

What about the methods of During this period, teaching was done through democratic way of
teaching used? teaching

Who can enumerate the The outstanding contributions of the Americans to Philippine Education
outstanding contributions of are as follows:
the Americans to Philippine 1. Religious freedom
Education? 2. Development of the intelligence, right attitudes and habits of
children
3. Citizenship
4. Democratic ideal as a philosophy
5. Guidance and consultancy.

What were their legal Their legal mandates were the following:
mandates?
a. Educational Act of 1901 (also known as Act No. 74 of the
Philippine Commission) was promulgated to establish a
Department of Public Instruction to oversee the operation of
public schools.

b. 1925 Monroe Survey Commission Act No. 3162 and 3196

headed by Paul Monroe was created to evaluate the entire school
system the Americans set up, the first of its kind in the
country, made possible the conduct of the Monroe survey and
 recommended the following:
-educational reforms regarding methods and techniques
of teaching, supervision, teacher training and
curriculum.
-evaluation of teaching and learning.

What are the fundamental The fundamental aims of education set forth in the 1935 Constitution
aims of education during the are:
Commonwealth Period (1935- 1. To develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience,
1942)? and vocational efficiency, and
2. To teach the duties of citizenship.

What were their legal Their legal mandates were the following:
mandates?  Executive Order No. 17 (Quezon Code of Ethics), which laid
the foundation of the emerging philosophy of Philippine
Education.

 Executive Order No. 134 in 1936 of President Quezon

designated Tagalog as the basis of a national language.

 Executive Order No. 236 in 1940 required the teaching of the

Filipino national language in the senior year of all high schools
and in all years in the normal schools.

 The Education Act of 1940 (C.A. 586), approved by the

Philippine Assembly on August 7, 1940, provided for the
following:
a. reduction of the 7-year elementary course to 6 years
b. fixing the school entrance age at 7 years
c. national support for elementary education
d. compulsory attendance of primary children enrolled in
Grade 1
e. adaptation of double-single sessions in the primary grade
with one teacher one class assignment of intermediate
teachers.

Class, is there any No/Yes

clarification regarding the
education during American
Era?

(If there is, the teacher will

discuss it again to the class.)

The fourth stage of

development of the Philippine
educational system is the
Education during the Japanese
Era (1943-1945).

Who can enumerate the The following are the educational aims of the Japanese:
educational aims of the
Japanese? 1. Making the people understand the position of the Philippines as a
member of the East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere;
2. Eradication of the old idea of reliance upon western states
particularly the United States and Great Britain;
3. Fostering a new Filipino culture based on the consciousness of the
people as Orientals;
4. Elevating the morals of the people giving up over-emphasis on
materialism;
5. Diffusion of elementary education and promotion of vacation
education;
6. Striving for the diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines
and the termination of the use of the English language in schools, and
7. Inspiring the people with the spirit to love labor.

What is their agency of Vocational, Technical, Agricultural Schools, and Colleges

education?
Curricular content was centered on values rooted on love for labor;
emphasizing vocational education; diffusing the use of Niponggo, and
teaching physical education and singing Japanese songs.

Class, is there any No/Yes

clarification regarding the
education during Japanese
Era?

(If there is, the teacher will

discuss it again to the class.)

Moving on to the fifth stage

of development of the
Philippine educational system
which is the Education during
the Republic (1945-1972).

What are their educational Education aimed at the full realization of the democratic ideals and way
aims? of life.

What are their curricular  Social orientation as manifested by the conservation of the Filipino heritage
content?  Training for occupation
 Promotion of democratic nation building
  A new thrust on community development

What were their legal Their legal mandates were the following:
mandates?
 Board of Textbook was created pursuant to R.A. 139, enacted
on June 14, 1947. Its function was to screen and approved
textbooks for use in all public schools for a period of 6 years
from the date of their adoption. Private schools may use books of
their choice provided the Board has no objections.
 Civil service eligibility of teachers was made permanent pursuant
to R.A. 1079 on June 15, 1954.
 National Board of Education (BNE) was tasked to formulate
educational policies to give direction to Philippine Education
pursuant to R.A. 1124, approved on June 16, 1954.
 Flag ceremony was made compulsory in all schools including
the singing of the National anthem pursuant to R.A. 1265,
approved on June 11, 1955.
 The life, the works, and writings of the Jose Rizal shall be
included in the curricular offerings in all schools pursuant to R.A.
1425 approved on June 12, 1956.
 Elementary education was nationalized and abolished
matriculation fees pursuant to R.A. 4007
 The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers (R.A. 4670) was
enacted on June 18, 1966 to promote the socio-economic status
of the public school teachers, their living and working conditions,
their employment and career prospects.
 Finance and support provincial schools, a Special Education
Fund and local school board were created pursuant to R.A. 5447,
enacted in 1968.
 In 1969, President Marcos created the Presidential Commission
to Study the Philippine Education (PCSPE) pursuant to
Executive Order No. 202.

Class, is there any No/Yes

clarification regarding the
education during the
Republic?

(If there is, the teacher will

discuss it again to the class.)

Let’s now move on to the

sixth stage of development of
the Philippine educational
system which is the Education
during the New Society
(1972-1986).

Who can enumerate the The educational aims of the New Society under P.D. 6-A (Educational
educational aims of education Decree of 1972) are as follows:
during the New Society?
 provision for a broad education which will enhance self-
actualization;
 manpower training in middle-level skills, and
 development of the high-level professions and evaluation,
the fundamental aims of education in the 1973 Constitution are:
 To foster love of country
 Teach the duties of citizenship
 Develop moral character, self discipline, and scientific,
technological and vocational efficiency.

What are their agencies of Elementary Education, which has curricular changes
Education? a) Focused on education
b) Integration of values in all learning areas
c) Emphasis on mastery learning
Secondary Education. The following were its curricular changes
a) Increased in time allotment
b) YDT and CAT introduced as new courses
c) Elective offerings as part of the curriculum

What are the media of They were using English and Filipino (Bilingual Education Policy) in
instruction used? specific learning areas

Who can enumerate the Their Educational Programs Initiated were as follows:
Educational Programs 1. Project IMPACT- Instructional Management by Parents,
Initiated by the New Society? Community, and Teachers
2. ISOSA- In School-Off School Approach
3. CPS- Continuous Progression Scheme
4. PRODED-Program for a Decentralized Educational Development
5. NCEE-National College Entrance Examination
6. NEAT-National Elementary Assessment Test for Grade VI
7. NSAT-National Secondary Assessment Test replaces NCEE

What were their legal Their legal mandates were the following:
mandates?
 P.D. No. 1-Integrated Reorganization Plan
 P.D. 146 issued on March 9, 1973, the National College Entrance
Examination which required all senior high school students to
pass the NCEE as prerequisite for admission to any post-
secondary academic or professional degree program for a
minimum of 4 years of study in any public or private
college/university to start on SY 1972-1973
  Tertiary honor students are granted civil service eligibility
pursuant to PD 907 issued on March 1976 starting S.Y. 1972-
1973
 Department Order No. 25 s. 1974 (Bilingual Educational
Programs) mandates the use of English and Filipino separately as
media of instruction in schools.
 R.A. 7836 mandates the LET to be administered by the PRC
 Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 (Education Act of 1982), which
covers both formal and non-formal education at all levels.

Class, is there any No/Yes

clarification regarding the
education during the New
Society?

(If there is, the teacher will

discuss it again to the class.)

Let’s now move on to the

education during the present
period (1986-present)

Who among you know the Education aimed to promote national development and values education
educational aim of education
from 1986 up to present?
What it is?

What are their educational Their educational system and curricular reforms comprises the
system and curricular implementation of New Secondary Education Curriculum (NESC)
reforms? which was addressed to civic, intellectual, and character development of
the child. Its features are: fewer learning areas, emphasis on mastery
learning; focused on the development of 3R’s, and emphasis on the
development of intellectual skills which are as important as work skills.
It was also focus on the development of humanism and Filipinism in all
learning areas

What are the features in the Its features are:

implementation of the New - multi-disciplinary treatment of curriculum content
Secondary Curriculum - student-centered
(NSEC)? - cognitive-affective manipulative based curriculum
- values education offered as separate subject area
- emphasis in Science and Technology
- uses bilingual policy
- critical thinking emphasized

What subject being offered as Values Education

a separate subject in the
NSEC and was integrated in
all subject areas?

In what presidential Presidential proclamation 480 whose vision is anchored on

proclamation number did the humanitarianism and equalitarianism with the following components:
Education for All (EFA) o ECCD-Early Childhood Care and Development
mandated? o UQPE-Universal Quality of Primary Education
o EOI-Eradication of Illiteracy
o CE-Continuing Education

What about the fundamental The fundamental aims of education under Sec. 3, Art. XIV of the
aims of education stated under 1987 Constitution are the following:
Sec. 3, Art. XIV of the 1987 o Shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism
Constitution? What are those? o Foster love of humanity
o Respect for human rights
o Appreciation of the role of the national heroes in the historical
development of the country
o Teach the rights and duties of citizenship
o Strengthen ethical and spiritual values
o Develop moral character and personal discipline
o Encourage critical creative thinking
o Broaden scientific and technological knowledge
o Promote vocational efficiency
Who issued DECS Order No.
6 s. 1998 which strengthens It was issued by the Education Secretary Lourdes R. Quisumbing.
the teaching of values in the
NESC, NSEC, PRODED and
SEDP?

Who provides free public

secondary education? President Corazon Aquino through the passage of R.A. 6655 on
May 26, 1988 with the following pertinent provisions:
 tuition fee supplement for students in private schools,
vocational and technical courses which charge less than P1,500
tuition fee;
 high school textbook assistance;
 expansion of Educational Service Contracting Scheme;
 voucher system of the Private Education Student Financial
assistance Program ( PESFA);
 scholarship grants to graduating valedictorians and salutatorians;
 tuition fee supplements to students in private colleges and
universities;
 educational loan funds, and
 college faculty development fund.
What law which provide for
the welfare of poor but Student Employment Law of R.A. 7323
deserving students ages 15-25
years old to be employed
during summer or Christmas
vacation with a salary not
lower than the minimum wage
of 60% of it shall be paid by
the employer and 40% by the
government?

When was the National

College Entrance June 2, 1994 by the virtue of R.A. 7731
Examination (P.D. 146)
repealed by the Congress?

When was the

professionalization of teachers It was started when R.A. 7836 was signed into law on December 16,
started? 1994 with the following provisions:
(a) creation of the Board for Professional Teachers composed of 5
commissioners under PRC;
(b) replacement of PBET by LET;
(c) transfer of authority of administering the LET from CSC and DECS
to the BOARD of Professional Teachers under PRC, and
(d) the formulation, adoption, and promulgation of the Code of Ethical
and Professional Teachers by the Board for Professional Teachers
pursuant to par. (e), Art. II of R.A. 7836.
What is the trifocal system of
education in our country? The trifocal systems of education in the Philippines are:

(1) Department of Education Culture and Sports (DECS) which

covers elementary, secondary and non-formal education, including
culture and sports. However, in August 2001, R.A. 9155, otherwise
called the Governance of Basic Education Act was passed and changes
the name of DECS to Department of Education (DEpED-headed by
the Education Secretary Bro. Armin Luistro) and resumed the
responsibility of elementary and secondary education;

(2) Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA

headed by Director-General Joel Villanueva), which was created being
passed by the Congress on August 25, 1996 pursuant to R.A.7796
otherwise known as the Technical Education and Skills, Development
Act of 1994;

(3) Commission on Higher Education (CHED- headed by the

Chairman of Higher Education Patricia Licuanan), which was
 created being passed by the Congress on May 18, 1994 pursuant to RA
7722 otherwise known as Higher Education Act of 1994.

What is the current

educational system of our The K-12 Program otherwise known as “Enhanced Basic Education Act
country? of 2013,” approved on May 15, 2013 by President Benigno S. Aquino,
III which covers the following:

ELEMENTARY
Kindergarten (Children ages-5-6 years old)
Subjects for study:
 Kagandahang Asal (Values Education)
 Kalusugang Pisikal at Pagpapaunlad sa Kakayahan Motor
(Physical Health, and Motor Development)
 Pagpapaunlad sa kakayahan Sosyo-Emosyunal (Socio-Emotional
Development)
 Pagpapaunlad ng Kakayahang Makipamuhay (Social
Development)
 Language, Literacy and Communication
 Mathematics
 Understanding of the Physical and Natural Environment

GRADES 1-6 (Children ages 6-12 years old)

Subjects for study
 Mother Tongue (up to  Music
Grade 3 only)  Arts
 Filipino  Physical Education
 English  Health
 Mathematics  Edukasyong Pantahanan
 Science at Pangkabuhayan (EPP)
 Araling Panlipunan
 Edukasyon sa  Technology and
Pagpapakatao (EsP) Livelihood Education
(TLE)
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOLL (GRADES 7-10) Children ages 12-16 years
old
Subjects for study
 Filipino  Arts
 English  Physical Education
 Mathematics  Health
 Science  Edukasyong Pantahanan at
 Araling Panlipunan Pangkabuhayan (EPP)
 Edukasyon sa
 Pagpapakatao (EsP)  Technology and Livelihood
 Music Education (TLE)

SENIOR HIGH (Grades 11-12) Children ages 16-18 years old)

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary

education; students may choose a specialization based on aptitude,
interests, and school capacity. The choice of career track will define the
content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. Each
student in Senior High School can choose among three tracks:
Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The
Academic track includes three strands: Business, Accountancy,
Management (BAM); Humanities, Education, Social Sciences (HESS);
and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM).

Core curriculum subjects

There are seven Learning Areas under the Core Curriculum: Languages,
Literature, Communication, Mathematics, Philosophy, Natural Sciences,
and Social Sciences.
 Oral comunication
 Reading and writing
 Komunikasyon at pananaliksik sa wika at kulturang Filipino
 21st century literature from the Philippines and the world
 Contemporary Philippine arts from the regions
 Media and information literacy
 General mathematics
 Statistics and probability
 Earth and life science
 Physical science
 Introduction to philosophy of the human person/Pambungad sa
pilosopiya ng tao
 Physical education and health
 Personal development/pansariling kaunlaran
 Earth science (instead of Earth and life science for those in the
STEM strand)
 Disaster readiness and risk reduction (taken instead of Physical
science for those in the STEM strand)

Applied track subjects

 English for academic and professional purposes
 Practical research 1
 Practical research 2
 Filipino sa piling larangan
 o Akademik
o Isports
o Sining
o Tech-voc
 Empowerment technologies (for the strand)
 Entrepreneurship
 Inquiries, investigatories, and immersion

Specialized subjects
 Accountancy, business, and and management strand
 Humanities and social sciences strand
 Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics strand
 General academic strand

After going through Kindergarten, the enhanced Elementary and Junior

High curriculum, and a specialized Senior High program, every K to 12
graduates will be ready to go into different paths – may it be further
education, employment, or entrepreneurship.

Every graduate will be equipped with:

1. Information, media and technology skills,
2. Learning and innovation skills,
3. Effective communication skills, and
4. Life and career skills.

 By SY 2016-2017, Grade 11/Year 5 will be introduced, and Grade

12/Year 6 by SY 2017-2018
 The phased implementation of the new curriculum will be finished by
SY: 2017-2018