GRADE 12 PHYSCIAL EDUCATION

AND HEALTH
4TH QUARTER HANDOUTS
LESSON 1: ARNIS
Arnis, also known as kali or eskrima, refers to a category of Filipino martial arts that emphasizes the use
of weapons – whether it be fighting sticks, blades or improvised weapons.

In arnis, the weapons are used as an extension of the body. Thus, some body movement techniques are
basic to the sport.

There are no exact references as to the origins of arnis because of lack of proper documentation.

One theory was that it was started when the Spaniards arrived.

During the Spanish colonial period, weapons had been banned in Luzon and Visayas.

• Indios used sticks to practice wielding their swords and bolos which they disguised as a folk
dance. This is one possible reference as to how arnis developed into an actual martial art.
However, because of the new culture brought by our colonizers, arnis was overshadowed and
almost went out of the spotlight.

• Luckily, with the rise of martial arts as a popular sport during the 1980s, arnis was able to
recapture the interest not of the Filipinos, but also of the whole world in general.

Is the system of Filipino martial arts founded by the late Remy Presas as a self-defense system . His goal
was to create an injury-free training method as well as an effective self-defense system in order to
preserve the older Arnis systems .

The term Modern Arnis was used by Remy Presas’ younger brother Ernesto Presas to describe his style
of Filipino martial arts ; since 1999 Ernesto Presas called his system Kombatan . It is derived principally
from the traditional Presas family style of the Bolo(Machete) and the stick-dueling art of Balintawak
Eskrima , with influences from other Filipino and Japanese martial arts .

Arnis is a Philippines’ national martial art or sport , After President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the
Republic Act. No. 9850 in 2009.

The act mandates the Department of Education to include the sport as a Physical Education course .
Arnis will be included among the priority sports in Palarong Pambansa (National Games) beginning 2010.

EQUIPMENT

The primary weapon is the rattan stick, called a cane or baston (baton), which varies in size, but is
usually about 28 inches (71 cm) in length.

Competition area Dimensions

The playing area is a square measuring 8.0 meters by 8.0 meters with a two (2) meters minimum free
zone around it, and a clear space without any obstruction up to a height of not less than 5 meters from
the playing surface.

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS

1. Grip: Proper Hold of the Stick - Hold the stick one fist away from the punyo (butt) of the stick. Close
the grip with the thumb.

2. Basic Stance and Salutation

a. Handa - Feet are positioned shoulder width apart. - Stick is held in front of the body.
b. Pugay - Place the weapon hand across the chest. - Bow by bending at the waist.

c. Handa sa Paglaban/Fighting Stance - One foot in the front (foot the same as the weapon hand), the
other foot on the rear. - Keep feet apart, distance of one foot. - Both knees slightly bent. - Toes facing
forward. - Weight evenly distributed on both feet.

d. Forward Stance- Distance of 5 steps between the feet. - Back leg kept straight, rear foot is held at a
45 degree angle. - Keep the front knee bent. - Weight is evenly distributed on both feet.

e. Backward Stance - Distance of 4 steps between the feet. - Both knees are slightly bent. - Rear foot
held at a 90 degree angle. - 70% of the body weight on the rear foot while 30% is placed on the front
foot.

Kinds of Stances

Ready Stance

 Stand with your feet apart parallel to the shoulder with both toes pointing forward. The knees
should be straight, the waist and the body facing forward. Hands are on waist level and the
hands should hold the sticks on both sides. The ready stance is commonly used when standing
at ease during training or tournaments

Attention Stance

 Stand with your feet forming a 45 degrees angle. Heels should be close to each other, knees
should be straight, the waist and body facing forward. Shoulders are dropped to the side and
both hands are at waist level. The Attention Stance is commonly used in preparation for
courtesy or “bowing” at commencement of sparring.

Forward Stance

 Starting with the ready stance, move one foot forward until the knee and the toe are in line to
each other. Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the body is facing forward. The body
should not be too low or the lead foot too extended otherwise it will be hard to maneuver.
Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs. Forward stances can be right foot lead,
which is the Right Foot Forward Stance or it can be left foot lead which is Left Foot Forward
Stance. Forward Stance are commonly used with frontal striking or blocking techniques.

Oblique Stance

 Starting with the ready stance, move one foot forward 45 degrees away from the body until the
knee and the toe are in line to each other. Move on the same direction as the lead foot (e.g. for
right foot lead, move 45 degrees forward to the right). Both toes are pointing in front, the waist
and the body is facing forward. The body should not be too low or the lead foot too extended
otherwise it will be hard to maneuver. Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs.
Oblique stances can be right foot lead, which is the Right Foot Oblique Stance or it can be left
foot lead which is Left Foot Oblique Stance. Oblique Stances are commonly used for forward
blocking and evasion techniques.

Straddle Stance

 Starting with the ready stance, move one foot about two feet (2’) to the left or the right
direction until both lower legs are almost perpendicular to the ground. Both toes are pointing in
front, the waist and the body is facing forward. The body should not be too low or extended
otherwise it will be hard to maneuver. Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs.
Straddle stance are also called Horseback Riding Stance since it mimics position when riding on a
horse back. Straddle stances are commonly used for blocking the strikes to the side of the body.

Side Stance

 Starting with the ready stance, move one foot about two feet (2’) to the left or right direction.
Moving foot will be perpendicular to the ground while the other leg is extended thereby
 creating a position like that of a side kick. Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the body
is facing forward. The body should not be too low or extended otherwise it will be hard to
maneuver. Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs. If the left foot moves to the
side it becomes Left Foot Side Stance, if the right foot moves to the side it becomes Right Foot
Side Stance. Side Stances are commonly used for strike deflection and evasion techniques.

Sinawali

 The term "Sinawali" refers to the activity of ‘weaving’, and is applied to the art of Philippine
martial art Eskrima with reference to a set of two-person, two-weapon exercises.

a. Single Sinawali

 Swing the cane to strike the opponent’s temple Withdraw the cane Swing it down to strike
the opponent’s knee Withdraw the cane and place it above your shoulder

b. Double Sinawali

 Begin with the right hand up and the left hand tucked under the right shoulder Strike the
opponent’s temple with the right hand As you retract the right hand to the left shoulder strike
the opponent’s knee with the left hand As you strike a backhand to the opponent’s temple with
the right hand, retract the left hand to the left shoulder.

Twelve Strikes

1. right temple strike- forehand strikes to the right temple 

2. left temple strike- backhand strike to the left temple 
3. right shoulder strike- forehand strike to the right shoulder
4. left shoulder strike-backhand strike to the left shoulder
5. thrust to the stomach/navel- straight-on stab/thrust to the stomach
6. right chest attack- overhand stab/thrust to the right chest
7. left chest attack-underhand stab/thrust to the left chest
8. left knee/shin attack- backhand strike to the left knee
9. right knee/shin attack- forehand strike to the right knee
10. right eye attack-overhand stab/thrust to the right eye
11. left eye attack- underhand stab/ thrust to the left eye
12. Crown Strike- straight down strike to the top of the head
 LESSON 2 UNARMED SELF-
DEFENSE
SELF-DEFENSE - It is the use of physical force to counter an immediate threat of violence.

UNARMED SELF-DEFENSE - Are most popular martial arts and form of self-defense originated from Asian
region and some came from the West.

TYPES OF UNARMED SELF-DEFENSE

1. KARATE - Popular for its calculated, angular movements using punches, blocks, and kicks originates in
Japan.

2. AIKIDO AND JUDO - Specializing in the art of throwing, off-balancing, sweeping, and locking are also
form Japan.

3. Jujitsu (Jiujitsu) - Also from Japan, specializing in groundwork and grappling.

CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS

- Wu Shu
- Tai Chi
- Kung Fu

ANCIENT KICK BOXING

- Muay Thai (Thailand)

- Bokator (Cambodia)
- Savate (France)
- SIlat (Indonesia and Malaysia)

PHILIPPINE MARTIAL ART

- SIkaran (Kickboxing)
- Dumog (Grappling)
- Kuntao (punching and kicking)

“I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks, but I do fear the man who has practiced one kick
10,000 times.” – Bruce Lee