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MIL-STD-1658(OS)
15 MAY 1974

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
DESIGN CRITERIA STANDARD

SHIPBOARD GUIDED MISSILE LAUNCHING SYSTEM

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS, MINIMUM

AMSC N/A FSC 1440

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MIL-STD-1658(OS)
15 May 1974

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301

SHIPBOARD GUIDED MISSILE LAUNCHING SYSTEM SAFETY REQUIREMENTS, MINIMUM

MIL-STD-1658(OS)

1. This Military standard is approved for use by all Departments and

Agencies of the Department of Defense.

2. Recommended corrections, additions, or deletions should be addressed

to the Commanding Officer, Naval Ordnance Station, Standardization
Division (502), Indian Head, Maryland 20640.

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15 May 1974

CONTENTS

1. SCOPE
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
3. DEFINITIONS
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM
4.2 PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT
4.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EXPOSURE
4.4 HUMAN ENGINEERING
4.5 CONTINUITY CHECKOUT
4.6 SAFETY OBSERVER
5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS
6. SAFETY TESTING
7. DOCUMENTATION

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1 SCOPE

1.1 This standard establishes the minimum safety requirements for ship-
board guided missile launching systems. Special requirements which may
be imposed on launching systems handling missiles containing nuclear war-
heads or liquid fuels other than hydrocarbon fuels are not included.

1.2 Some of the requrements of this standard may not be applicable,

feasible, or cost effective for certain types of launching systems.
Waiver or exemption of my requirement for a particular launching system
shall require approval of the Weapon System Explosives Safety Review
Board.

1.3 Some of the requirements (5.1 and 5.10 for example) are necessarily
general and will require more definition when applied to a specific
launchting system. These more definitive requirments will be included
in the development specification for the launching system.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of

imitation for bids or request for proposal form a part of this standard
to the extent specified herein.

Specifications

Military

MIL-E-2036 - Enclosures for Electric and Electronic

Equipment, Naval Shipboard

MIL-P-23928 - Panels, Electrical, Power Distribution and

Manual Transfer, Circuit Breaker Type (Naval
Shipboard Use)

Standards

Military

MIL-STD-454 - Standard General Requirements for Electronic

Equipment

MIL-STD-882 - System Safety Program for Systems and

Associated Subsystems and Equipment:
Requirements for

MIL-STD-1385 - Preclusion of Ordnance Hazards in Electro-

magnetic Fields; General Requirements for

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MIL-STD-1658(OS)
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MIL-STD-1472 - Human Engineering Design - Criteria for

Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities

MIL-STD-1522 - Standard General Requirements for Safe

Design and Operation of Pressurized Missile
and Space Systems

Other Publications

OD 30393- Design Principles and Practices for Controlling

Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance
(HERO Design Guide)

NAVSHIPS 0902-002-5000- General Specifications for Ships of

the United States Navy

OR-11 - Development of Packaging, Handling, Storage and

Transportation Systems for Weapons

American Conference of Governmental - Documentation of the

Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Values

3 DEFINITIONS

3.1 Launching System. That portion of the missile system which stows,
selects, handles, loads, aims, and fires or ejects the missile.

3.2 Launcher. That portion of the launching system which supports and
holds the missile in position for firing or ejection.

3.3 Stowage Area. That portion of the launching system in which the
missiles are normally stored. In some launching systems the launcher
and stowage ares are one and the same.
3.4 Ejection System. A system for starting the missile in flight with
energy external to the missile. The missile rocket motor is not ignited
until the missile is some distance from the ship.

3.5 Deadman. A type of switch or control which requires a sustained

force by the operator to maintain the equipment in the “ON” or operating
state. Release of the control will immediately stop equipment operation
or movement.

3.6 Wet Sprinkling System. A system which contains lines prefilled

with water up to the sprinkling heads as opposed to a “dry” system which
does not contain water beyond the main control valve until activated.

3.7 Umbrella Effect. The shielding effect caused by motors missiles

which are physically located between the sprinkling heads and other

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units stowed in the same compartment. The units so shielded do not

receive the full protective effects of the water in the event of fire or
accidental initiation of an ordnance component.

3.8 Water Injection System. A system for injecting a high pressure

water stream into the exhaust nozzle or exhaust stream of an inadver-
tently ignited rocket motor.

3.9 Waiver. A written authorization from the Naval Ordnance Systems

Command specifically permits deviation from a mandatory regulation
or instruction for a limited time pending correction of the deficiency.

3.10 Exemption. A written authorization from the Naval Ordnance System

Command which specifically permits deviation from a mandatory regulation
or instruction

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 System Safety Program. A system safety program shall be initiated

during the initial phase of the launching system program and shall con-
tinue throughout the life of the launching system. The safety program
shall satisfy the requirements of MIL-STD-882.

4.2 Personnel and Equipment. Electrical and mechanical interlocks and

safety devices shall be provided to prevent injury to personnel or
damage to system equipment during normal operation and maintenance.
Controls and circuits shall be arranged so that operation of any control
or combination of controls in other than normal sequence shall not cause
injury to personnel, operation of the equipment, or damage to any compo-
nent. Power failure shall not initiate equipment or missile motion
(e.g., through inadvertent release of latches), create any dangerous
condition, or cause damage to the equipment or missiles. Interlocks
shall be designed to place the equipment in the safest of the various
possible alternate conditions in case of interlock or power failure.

4.3 Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure. Exposure of the launching

system to the electromagnetic radiation environment defined in MIL-STD-
1385 shall not cause initiation of any electro-explosive device in the
launching system or result in malfunctioning of the launching system.
Guidance for meeting this requirement is contained in OD 30393.

4.4 Human Engineering. The human engineering design safety criteria of

MIL-STD-1472 shall be satisfied.

4.5 Continuity Checkout. There shall be no electrical continuity tests

of electrical initiating elements of the missile warhead, rocket motor
or self-deatruct device while the missile is in the launching system.

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4.6 Safety Observer. A safety observer's station which provides an

unobstructed view of the launcher area by direct or remote vision shall
be provided. The safety observer shall have communications with the
launching system control station and missile firing officer. The safety
observer's station shall not expose the safety observer to the exhaust of
a launched missile.

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Within the constraints of weight, space, and cost, the maximum
feasible ballistic protection against gunfire, fragments, and shock
resulting from enemy action shall be provided.

5.2 If a part of the launching system is used as a shipping container

for the missile, it shall meet the requirements of OR-11, Appendix A.

5.3 Means shall be provided to prevent the chain ignition of rocket

motors and warheads in case of inadvertent ignition of a rocket motor.
Means considered shall include separation, restraint, venting, flame
shields, fragment shields, wet sprinkling systems, water injection
systems, and flame tight compartments.

5.4 The missile in the launching system shall be restrained to prevent

movement in case of inadvertent ignition of the rocket motor or shipboard
shock conditions.

5.5 Stowage area doors, hatches, and covers shall be flameproof and
watertight. Interlocks shall be 1 be provided which assure that stowage
area doors and hatches are closed during missile launching.

5.6 The missile exhaust shall be vented to the atmosphere in case of

rocket motor ignition. Other missiles in the launching system and in-
ternal ship areas shall not be exposed to the missile exhaust.

5.7 A pressure relief system shall be provided for the stowage area
which will effectively relieve abnormal stowage area pressures (resulting
from Inadvertent ignition of a rocket motor) to a level that can be,
withstood by the stowage area bulkheads.

5.8 The stowage area shall have a "wet" sprinkling system with both
automatic and manual control. The design of the system shall minimize
the “umbrella effect”. A detection and alarm system shall provide
indication of sprinkling system activation.

5.9 The stowage area shall have an internal automatic temperature con-
trol system. A detection and alarm system shall provide indication of
overbearing conditions.

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5.10 The missile shall be protected against the expected environments
of shock, vibration, gun blast, green water, salt spray and missile blast.
The luanching sytems shall be designed to withstand these environments
without sustaining damage.

5.11 A system shall be provided which restricts the launching of the missile
to those zones within which the launched missile will safely clear all
ship structure and installations by interrupting the firing circuit if the
missile is pointing outside these zones.

5.12 Means shall be provided to remotely arm and disarm the rocket motor,

5.13 The launching system shall have the capability of being secured
against access that would allow unauthorized firing of a missile,

5.14 Firing Circuit.

5.14.1 An inadvertent firing shall not be possible without the occurrence

of at least three independent failures when there is no power to the firing
circuit, and at least two independent failures when there is power to the
firing circuit.

5.14.2 The firing circuit to the missile shall be interrupted until firing
is imminent. Both the "hot" side and return side of the firing circuit
shall be interrupted. Interlocks shall be provided in the firing circuit
to insure proper missile/launching system prelaunch conditions are satisfied
before firing is allowed.

5.14.3 Prior to completion of the firing circuit, the portion of the

firing circuit nearest to the missile shall be electrically interrupted
by an electro-mechanical device such as an open relay contact.

5.14.4 The fixing circuit shall be electrically balanced: that is; the
return shall not be via the chassis. The firing circuit “hot” and return
sides shall be isolated from ground.

5.14.5 All firing circuit wiring shall be isolated from other wiring and
cables in the system in accordance with OD 30393. This may be accomplished
by shielding or by the physical separation of the wiring.

5.14.6 Filtering or other techniques shall be used to ensure that ship-

board noise and spikes on the power lines due to start up or shut down
of heavy equipment, etc. do not inadvertently trigger the firing circuit.

5.15 The launcher shall have a mechanism which requires adequate missile
thrust build-up to clear the ship before the missile is released.

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5.36 Sufficient launching clearance shall be provided so that undesirable

motion of the ship, launcher or missile will not result in unscheduled
contact of the aft end of the missile and forward end of the launcher
during launch.

5.17 Means shall be provided to jettison a missile from the launcher.

5.18 Means shall be proveded to positively identify the type of missile

at any position in the launching system at all times.

5.19 The design of the storage area and its equipment shall make minimum
use of flammable materials. Where flammable materials are used, methods
shall be employed to reduce the possibility of ignition and resulting
hazards. Materials employed in the stowage area shall be selected so as
to minimize the evolution of toxic gases in amounts dangerous to personnel
when subjected to high temperatures.

5.20 An automatically-activated carbon dioxide extinguishing system

shall be provided in unmanned electrical equipment areas. Manual controls
for the extinguishing system shall also be provided. A detection and
alarm system shall provide indication of extinguishing system activation.
The launching system shall have the capability of reducing the concentration
of carbon dioxide in a contaminated area below the threshold limit value
specified in the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists-
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values within 15 minutes.

5.21 Auxiliary, hand-operated fire-fighting equipment shall be available

for use in missile stowage and electrical equipment areas. Portable
carbon dioxide, foam, or gas shall make up a portion of this equipment.
Access for fighting fires in missile storage areas shall be provided.

5.22 Brakes and/or locks shall be provided to prevent unintended motion

of the launcher or other moving equipment which can present 8 hazard to
personnel.
5.23 “On-deck” control of the launcher shall be provided for maintenance,
test and loading operations. “Deadman” type switch controls shall be
provided.

5.24 Alarms shall be provided to warn personnel of impending launching

system equipment movement and missile firing.

5.25 Sufficient working space shall be provided around and in the

launching system for safe maintenance and repair.

5.26 A minimum 18-inch clearance shall be provided between the maximum

rotating projection of the launcher structure and other ship's structure.

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5.27 The safety (personnel hazard) of electrical and electronic equipment

shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-254, Requirement 1.

5.28 Electrical marked protection of equipment shall be in accordance

with MIL-STD-454 , Requirement 8.

5.29 All DC control circuit voltages which control power circuits such
as 440 VAC circuit breakers, or other DC circuits which run to the same
junction box as power conductor, shall contain filters and be adequately
shielded and insulated from the power circuit. Such practices as using
insulation over the terminal in junction boxes or control boxes to pre-
vent moisture from shorting 115 VAC or 440 VAC to DC circuts is recom-
mended. Connections for different voltages shall be segregated, labeled
and barricaded to prevent confusion, miswiring, shorting or personnel
touching high voltage circuits while working on low voltage circuits.

5.30 All DC wiring runs through the same cable or conduit as AC wiring
shall be adequately shielded to prevent induced voltages. AC and DC
conductors may occupy the same raceway provided all conductors are
sufficiently insulated to prevent breakdown from the highest voltage
cable in that bundle.

5.31 The selection and installation of electric cables used in the

launching system shall meet the requirements of NAVSHIPS 0902-001-5000,
Section 304.

5.32 Circuit breaker type power distribution and manual transfer electri-
cal panels used in the launching system shall meet the requirements of
MIL-P-23928.

5.33 Equipment shall be provided with overtemperature and overpressure

altarms, and with automatic power cutoff devices when overtemperature or
overpressure conditions can cause unacceptable damage to equipment or
danger to personnel.

5.34 Equipment shall be provided with "power-off" switches with remove-

able handles or keylocks for protection of maintenance personnel.

5.35 Positive control of landing system equipment shall be maintained

at all times.

5.36 The missile shall be positively latched in its handling, transfer,

and stowage equipment at all these

5.37 Interlocks shall be provided to insure proper connection at transfer

points before the missile is moved.

5.30 Guarded switches shall be provided for critical functions such as

missile firing, jettisoning, and destruct.

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5.39 Liquid Fuel Missiles. The following three requirements apply only
to launching systems for liquid fuel missiles.
5.39.1 If missles stowed in the launching system contain fuel with a
flash point of less than 130°F, electrical equipment in the stowage area
shall be “explosion-proof” as defined in MIL-E-2036.

5.39.2 The missile stowage area shall contain detection equipment which
will detect explosive; flammable, or toxic vapors resulting from fuel
leakage. An alarm will be automatically activated to warn personnel of
this condition.

5.39.3 Any explosive, flammable, or toxic vapors resulting from fuel

leakage shall be contained within the stowage area without leakage into
other shipboard areas. Means shall be provided to remove these vapors
and leaked fuel from the missile stowage area.

5.40 Missile Ejection Sy stems. The following six requirements apply

only to launching systems which have a missile ejection system.

5.40.1 The ejection system shall eject the missile a sufficient distance
arid in an appropriate direction that will prevent impact of the missile
with the ship in case of missile rocket motor ignition failure.

5.40.2 If a sabot is used between the missile and ejection gases, the
design of the sabot and the ejection technique shall minimize the hazards
of the sabot striking the ship or personnel aboard the ship.

5.40.3 The missile shall be protected from ignition or damage by ejection

system gases during ejection and in case of inadvertent activation of the
ejection system.

5.40.4 Ejection system gases shall be vented to the atmosphere in case

of inadvertent activation of the ejection system, and after missile
ejection. Other missiles in the launching system and internal ship
areas shall not be exposed to the ejection system gases. Launching sys-
tem damage shall be prevented.

5.40.5 Mechanical interlock and/or gas venting or diverting devices

shall be provided to prevent movement of the missile in case of inadver-
tant activation of the ejection system power source (e.g, gas generator,
high pressure, etc.)

5.40.6 The initiation mechanism for the ejection system shall be inter-
rupted until missile launch is imminent. Interlocks shall be provided
in the ejection system initiation circuit to insure proper missile/
launch system prelaunch conditions are satisfied before ejection is
initiated.

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5.41 The requirements of MIL-STD-1522 shall be used as a design guide

in the design of pressure systems used in the ejection system or jetti-
soning system.

5.42 Gas generators used in the missile ejection system or jettisoning

system shall satisfy the following two requirements.

5.42.1 Propellant formulations different from those previously accepted

for service use shall not be used unless approved by the Naval Ordnance
Systems Command. The following characteristics of the new formulation,
as a minimum, shall be determined, and complete documentation on such
determinations shall be available to the Naval Ordnance Systems command.

a. Sensitivity to initiation by shock, vibration, impact and heat.

b. Effects of aging and environmental extremes on sensitivity.

c. Type and amount of toxic materials in original formulations and

in reaction products.

d. Detonability.

e. Thermal stability.

f. Chemical compatibility.

5.42.2 The minimum factor of safety for the pressure chamber of the gas
generator shall be 1.25 times the maximum expected operating pressure of
the propellant.

6 SAFETY TESTING

6.1 A safety test program shall be conducted to verify that the launching
system can be operated safely. The primary objective of the test
program shall be to:

6.1.1. Verify that unacceptable hazards are not created by exposure of the
launghing system to expected environments, nor during normal operation.

6.2.2 Verify that safety features of the launching system satisfactorily

perform their intended fucntion.

6.1.3 Demonstrate the effectiveness of the stowage area damage control

system.

7 DOCUMENTATION

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7.1 All operating and maintenance manuals for the launching system
shall contain information on existing hazards and pertinent safety
procedures and precaution. Emergency procedures shall be included
where applicable.

Custodian: Preparing Activity:

NAVY - OS NAVY - OS

Project Number 1440-N041

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