Engineering Standard

SAES-L-108 1 March 2016

Selection of Valves
Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee

Contents
1 Scope .............................................................. 2
2 Conflicts and Deviations ................................. 2
3 References...................................................... 2
4 General ........................................................... 5
5 General Design Limitations ............................. 7
6 Specific Valve Type Limitations ...................... 9
7 Specific Service Limitations .......................... 11
8 Materials Limitations ..................................... 14
Revision Summary .............................................. 15

Materials Appendix ............................................. 16

Previous Issue: 11 October 2010 Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019

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Contact: Meehan, Martin Finbar (meehanmf) on +966-13-8809668

Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2016. All rights reserved.

Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

1 Scope

1.1 This Standard covers limitations on the selection of all valves normally
classified under Saudi Aramco Materials System (SAMS) Class 04. This will
normally include ball, butterfly, check, choke, diaphragm, gate, globe, needle,
and plug valves used for on-off, for manual control service or for prevention of
reverse flow, as appropriate.

1.2 Specifically excluded from the scope are:

a) Control, safety-relief, relief, surge relief, solenoid, pilot, and other valves
classified under SAMS Class 34.
b) Applications involving flues and chimneys, air conditioning and ventilation
ducts.
c) Drilling and wellhead valves classified under SAMS Class 45.

1.3 Where applicable, this Standard supplements the requirements of ASME B31,
Code for Pressure Piping.

2 Conflicts and Deviations

2.1 Any conflicts between this standard and other applicable Saudi Aramco
Engineering Standards (SAESs), Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs),
Standard Drawings (SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall be
resolved in writing by the Company or Buyer Representative through the
Manager, Consulting Services Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this standard in writing to the Company or
Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302
and forward such requests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department of
Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

3 References

The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and
repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the latest
edition of the references below, unless otherwise noted.

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

SAEP-35 Valves Handling, Hauling, Receipt Tests and Storage

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

SAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a Mandatory

Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirement

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-A-007 Hydrostatic Testing Fluids and Lay-Up Procedures
SAES-B-017 Fire Water System Design
SAES-L-102 Regulated Vendor List for Valves
SAES-L-110 Limitations on Pipe Joints and Components
SAES-L-132 Materials Selection for Pipelines, Piping, and
Process Equipment
SAES-L-133 Corrosion Protection Requirements for Pipelines,
Piping, and Process Equipment
SAES-L-136 Pipe, Flange and Fitting Material Requirements
SAES-L-310 Design of Plant Piping
SAES-H-001 Coating Selection and Application Requirements for
Industrial Plants and Equipment
SAES-H-002 Internal and External Coatings for Steel Pipelines
and Piping
SAES-H-004 Protective Coating Selection and Application
Requirements for Offshore Structures and
Facilities
SAES-W-011 Welding Requirements for On-Plot Piping
SAES-W-012 Welding Requirements for Pipelines

Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications

04-SAMSS-001 Gate Valves
04-SAMSS-002 Steel Globe Valves - Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends
04-SAMSS-003 Additional Requirements for Low Temperature Valves
04-SAMSS-005 Check Valves: Flanged, Lug, and Butt-welding
04-SAMSS-035 General Requirements for Valves
04-SAMSS-041 Expanding Plug Valve
04-SAMSS-042 4-Way Diverter Valves
04-SAMSS-047 Steel High Performance Butterfly Valves (Including
Triple-Offset)
04-SAMSS-048 Valve Inspection and Testing Requirements

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

04-SAMSS-049 Inspection & Testing Requirements for

ISO 10423 Valves & Chokes
04-SAMSS-050 Gate Valves, Thru-conduit Type, API SPEC 6D
04-SAMSS-051 Ball Valves, API SPEC 6D
04-SAMSS-053 Steel Lubricated Plug Valves - Flanged and Welding
End
04-SAMSS-054 Choke Valve Requirements, ISO 10423
04-SAMSS-055 General Valve and Choke Requirements, ISO 10423
04-SAMSS-056 Valves and Choke Test Requirements, ISO 10423
04-SAMSS-057 Gate Valve Requirements, ISO 10423
04-SAMSS-058 Ball Valve Requirements, ISO 10423
04-SAMSS-059 TwinBall Valve Requirements, ISO 10423
04-SAMSS-060 Swing Check Valve Requirements, ISO 10423
04-SAMSS-061 Axial Check (Non-Slam Nozzle) Valve
Requirements, ISO 10423
04-SAMSS-062 Monoflange Valve Requirements, ISO 10423
09-SAMSS-091 Qualification Requirements for Shop-Applied
Internal FBE Coatings

Saudi Aramco Form and Data Sheet

SA-6233-1-ENG Valve Data Sheet

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American National Standards Institute/Fluid Controls Institute

ANSI/FCI 70.2 Control Valve Seat Leakage

American Petroleum Institute

API SPEC 6D Specification for Pipeline Valves
API SPEC 6FA Specification for Fire Test for Valves
API STD 594 Check Valves - Flanged, Lug, Wafer, and Butt-welding
API STD 598 Valve Inspection and Testing
API STD 602 Compact Steel Gate Valves - Flanged, Threaded,
Welding, and Extended-Body Ends
API STD 607 Fire Test for Soft Seated Quarter-Turn Valves

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

API STD 609 Butterfly Valves, Lug-Type and Wafer-Type

API STD 623 Steel Globe Valves - Flanged, Butt-Welding Ends,
Bolted Bonnet

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME B16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B16.34 Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End
ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO 10423 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Drilling
and Production Equipment - Wellhead and
Christmas Tree Equipment
ISO 10497 Testing of Valves - Fire Type Testing Requirements

Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.

MSS SP-45 Bypass and Drain Connection Standard

National Association of Corrosion Engineers/International Standardization

Organization
NACE MR0175/ Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries –
ISO 15156 Materials for Use in H2S Containing
Environments in Oil and Gas Production

4 General

4.1 Valves and chokes shall be purchased in accordance with SAES-L-102.

4.2 The selection of valves and chokes shall normally be limited to the materials,
types and sizes that are listed in SAMS Class 04 unless no suitable valve is
listed.

4.3 Whenever applicable, the relevant Saudi Aramco Materials System

Specifications (SAMSS's) listed in Section 3 of this Standard shall be included
in all requisitions.

4.4 At times it is necessary to purchase a valve that is generally similar to that

covered by an SAMSS but differing from it in some specific design,
construction, materials or performance characteristics. In such cases, the
SAMSS shall be included in the purchase requisition in addition to the required
modifications provided that these modifications are in accordance with all other
Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

4.5 All requisitions, except those for ISO 10423 valves and chokes, shall reference
04-SAMSS-035 and 04-SAMSS-048.

4.6 Form 6233-1-ENG, Valve Data Sheet, shall be filled out for each non-SMG
(SAP Materials Group) line item and attached to every purchase requisition.

4.7 Field Tests

4.7.1 Testing location shall be subject to proponent acceptance. The test

location shall be approved by Saudi Aramco Inspection Department
through a formal assessment.

4.7.2 If requested by the proponent, new valves designated for isolation

service (as specified by the Proponent) shall be subjected to a high
pressure hydrostatic seat test prior to installation in the line.

4.7.3 A low pressure pneumatic seat test at 35 kPa (5 psig) shall be

substituted for the high pressure hydrostatic seat test for flare system
valves.

4.7.4 Buttweld and socketweld end valves in nominal pipe size (NPS) 2
inches and smaller are exempt from the above field testing
requirements.

4.7.5 Test procedures, pressures, durations, and leakage acceptance criteria

shall be equal to those that the valves were originally purchased to.
All resilient (soft) seated isolation valves shall have zero leakage.

4.7.6 If valves are subjected to field hydrotesting, see SAEP-35 and

SAES-A-007. For major projects where numerous valves are to be
subjected to field hydrotesting, a preservation package shall be
developed and approved prior to the initiation of any testing.
Note: Consideration should be given to valve features and materials.

4.8 The use of ANSI FCI 70.2 to specify seat leakage criteria is not permitted
without the specific approval of the Chairman of the Valves Standards
Committee. Chokes are exempt from this requirement.

4.9 Trim material includes the stem, the body and closure seating surfaces,
bushings, pins, springs, guides, and any other small parts in contact with the
service fluid.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

5 General Design Limitations

5.1 Bonnet/Cover

5.1.1 Pressure seal bonnet valves shall be used only in steam or other clean
non-corrosive services. They are permitted in other services only if the
body has been inlayed in the bonnet sealing area with an 18-8 material
or higher alloy suitable for the service.

5.1.2 Bonnets retained by split rings and sealed by means of an O-ring or a

seal-welded membrane shall only be used after approval by the
Chairman of the Valves Standards Committee.

5.1.3 The use of welded bonnet valves in hydrocarbon services shall be

limited to NPS 4 inch and smaller provided it is approved by the
Manager of the responsible operating department.

5.1.4 Screwed bonnet and screwed body valves shall not be used in any
hydrocarbon or hazardous material services unless the bonnets and body
end connections are tack welded to the body or provided with locking
pin. Other proposals for securing bonnets shall be specifically approved
by the Chairman of the Valves Standards Committee.

5.1.5 Straight-thru union body check valves shall be used only in portions of
piping systems where pipe unions are permissible.

5.1.6 Union bonnet valves shall not be used in any hydrocarbon or hazardous
material services.

5.2 End Connections

5.2.1 The requirements of SAES-L-110 are applicable to all valves.

5.2.2 Integral flanged valve bodies with tapped bolt holes shall not be used
except with specific approval of the Proponent and the Chairman of the
Valves Standards Committee. These requirements do not apply to lug
type valves.

5.2.3 If requested by the proponent, critical valves, welding end valves, and
others that cannot be removed from the line without serious difficulty
(e.g., in restrained pipelines), NPS 8 inch and larger, shall be of a type
that is repairable in the line (top-entry) provided it is specifically
approved by the Chairman of the Valves Standards Committee.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

5.3 Ratings

5.3.1 Valves utilizing soft seats do not necessarily follow ASME B16.5 or
other industry standard pressure/temperature relationships at
temperatures above 38°C. The specific Vendor's literature shall be
consulted when the pressure-temperature ratings for higher temperatures
have not been specified by the relevant SAMSS or the Purchase Order.

5.3.2 In hydrocarbon services, the minimum body rating of threaded and

socketweld end NPS 2 inch and smaller valves shall be equivalent to
API STD 602 Class 800.

5.4 Sizes

Valves shall be subject to the same size limitations specified for pipe in
SAES-L-136.

5.5 Stem Packing

Isolation valves NPS 3 inch and larger in hydrocarbon services shall not be
provided with pure polymer/elastomer stem packing or stem seals unless the
valves have been qualified as fire-safe, except as permitted by an approved
SAMSS.

5.6 Actuators

5.6.1 The need for power actuation of all valves NPS 12 inch and larger in all
pressure classes shall be reviewed with the responsible operating
organization.

5.6.2 Chainwheel operation shall not be provided for emergency isolation

valves or valves having a threaded body connection.

5.7 Installation

5.7.1 Gate valves with back-seats shall not be installed with their stems below
the horizontal except in the following cases: (a) clean services, (b) when
they function as isolation valves in pressure relief and flare system
piping, and (c) when in utility or other similar non-critical services
(firewater is considered to be critical service).
Note: Critical / non-critical valves shall be specified by proponent and
specifically approved by the Chairman of the Valves Standards
Committee.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

5.7.2 Seal Welding

5.7.2.1 All threaded connections on valve bodies and associated

piping shall be seal welded.
Exceptions:

Exceptions are those connections that are frequently

disassembled (such as vent and drain plugs) and those that
are adjacent to elements that contain small moving parts
(such as injection fittings and body relief valves).

5.7.2.2 Seal welding shall follow the general requirements of

SAES-L-110.

5.8 Coating

The body of steel gate valve shall not be internally coated unless the wedge is
rubber-lined.

6 Specific Valve Type Limitations

6.1 Ball Valves

Lever operated ball valves shall be equipped with a handwheel or self-locking

handle to prevent accidental operation.

6.2 Butterfly Valves

6.2.1 Concentric butterfly valves, such as the API STD 609 Category A type
(typically with internal rubber linings), are permitted only in non-
hydrocarbon applications.

6.2.2 The use of high performance butterfly valves in hydrocarbon service

shall be limited to a maximum rating of Class 900. Minimum
requirements in hydrocarbon service are as follows:
a) Valves shall be designed in accordance with API STD 609
Category B valves with offset-seat type construction.
b) Valves shall be qualified fire-safe to either API SPEC 6FA,
API STD 607, or ISO 10497, except in applications where other
components of the system are not designed to be firesafe such as
Single-Point-Mooring (SPM) systems.
c) The body shall be of the lug-type design with tapped bolt holes,
unless the (double) flanged type has been specified. Use of the
wafer-type body is not permitted.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

d) Valves shall be full-rated. In systems where the normal operating

pressure is 103 kPa (15 psig) or less, the valve may be specified
with half-rated trim (approximately 50% of the full-rated pressure).
e) Valves shall be bi-directional, although they may have a
“preferred” direction. Valves shall be installed in the “preferred”
direction indicated on the valve.

6.3 Check Valves

6.3.1 Dual and single plate wafer check and swing check valves shall not be
used in reciprocating pump and compressor suction and discharge
services or similar pulsating services.

6.3.2 A non-slam internal-spring-assisted type check valve shall be installed

at the discharge of pumps and compressors. Other check valve types
shall be specifically approved by the Chairman of the Valves Standards
Committee.

6.3.3 If requested by the proponent, for parallel pump systems with individual
pump discharge piping of NPS 20 inch and larger, a hydraulic analysis
shall be conducted to verify that the selected check valves have the
correct dynamic response to prevent slamming and limit pressure surge
to an acceptable level. The analysis shall include consideration of the
“worst case” operating mode scenario.

6.3.4 For all sizes NPS 4 inch and above, a turbulence-free minimum distance
of 5 pipe diameters upstream and 2 pipe diameters downstream of every
check valve shall be maintained. No pipe fittings such as elbows,
reducers, tees, etc., or flow restricting devices such as orifices, control
valves, etc., shall be installed in these zones unless specifically
approved by the Chairman of the Valves Standards Committee.
Valves in intermittent service and valves in skid-mounted systems are
exempt from these requirements.

6.3.5 Check valves in sizes NPS 3 inch and above shall not be installed in
vertical lines, unless specifically approved by the Chairman of the
Valve Standards Committee. Valves in skid-mounted systems are
exempt from this requirement.

6.3.6 Check valves in hydrocarbon service up to Class 600 shall either have a
lug-type body with tapped bolt holes or a flanged body. In higher
ratings, a flanged body is mandatory. Wafer-type bodies are not
permitted in any hydrocarbon service.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

6.3.7 Spring-assisted non-slam piston check valves (also referred to as nozzle

check valves) shall be long-pattern with face-to-face dimensions in
accordance with API SPEC 6D. Short-pattern valves shall not be used
without the review and approval of the Chairman of the Valves
Standards Committee.

6.4 Plug Valves (Hydrocarbon service only)

Flanged plug valves in hydrocarbon service shall be of the inverted lubricated

pressure balanced design, except that Class 150 valves NPS 6 inch and smaller
may have a standard plug with springs for balancing the plug.

7 Specific Service Limitations

7.1 Low Temperature Services

7.1.1 Valves in services between -45°C and -19°C shall meet the
requirements of 04-SAMSS-003. If the service is also sour, compliance
with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 shall be specifically stated in the
purchase requisition.

7.1.2 All valves in services below -45°C shall be full austenitic stainless steel
and shall meet the requirements of 04-SAMSS-003, paragraph 6.3.

7.1.3 All valves in service below -100°C shall have an extended bonnet.

7.1.4 For LPG or high pressure gases which auto-refrigerate, an upstream

gate valve shall be installed in addition to the throttling valve in any line
that discharges to the atmosphere or to a low pressure system.

7.2 Underwater Valves

Isolation valves shall be ball type per 04-SAMSS-051 with a minimum rating of
Class 300. The flange face shall be the ring joint type.

7.3 Pressure Relief Valve Piping

Isolation valves in stand-alone pressure relief valve inlet and discharge piping
shall be gate, ball, high performance butterfly (flanged) or plug valves that can
be car-sealed open. A gate valve in this service shall be installed with the stem
in or below the horizontal position. For clean gas service, the valves shall be
soft seated with double block and bleed capability if temperature permits.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

7.4 Flare Systems

7.4.1 Isolation valves in flare system piping shall be gate, ball, high
performance butterfly or plug valves.

7.4.2 A gate valve in this service shall be installed with the stem in or below
the horizontal position.

7.5 Emergency Isolation Valves

Emergency isolation valves (EIVs) shall be gate, ball, high performance

butterfly (flanged) or plug valves. Soft seated valves shall be fire safe in
accordance with API STD 607, API SPEC 6FA, or ISO 10497. Metal seated
valves shall meet the same requirement if they do not have graphite seals or their
standard specified leakage rate exceeds that of API STD 598.

7.6 Firewater Systems

Buried sectionalizing valves in firewater systems shall meet the requirements of

SAES-B-017.

7.7 Drains and Vents

Atmospheric drain and vent valves shall be provided with a plug or blind on the
discharge side.

7.8 Storage Tanks and Vessels

Flangeless valves shall not be used as the first block valve against storage tanks
or vessels containing hazardous materials unless specifically approved by the
Chairman of the Valves Standards Committee.

7.9 ISO 10423 Valve and Choke Services

7.9.1 Valves and chokes shall only be purchased from manufacturers

approved in accordance with SAES-L-102.

7.9.2 Valves and chokes shall be tested and inspected in accordance with
04-SAMSS-049 and 04-SAMSS-056.

7.10 Scraper Trap Valves

7.10.1 Scraper trap mainline isolation valves shall be full bore thru-conduit
gate or ball valves.

7.10.2 Drain valves shall be inverted pressure balanced lubricated plug valves
with Stellite hardfacing on the plug and body seating surfaces.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
Issue Date: 1 March 2016
Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

7.10.3 Kicker valves and vent valves shall be inverted pressure balanced
lubricated plug valves.

7.10.4 The scraper trap isolation valve and the kicker valve shall have a
minimum trim metallurgy of SS F 51, for sour service the minimum
trim metallurgy shall be Inconel 625 or Inconel 718. In addition, the
valve seat pockets (applicable to spring loaded seats only) shall be
specified to have an Inconel 625 weld overlay. The requirements of this
paragraph override the materials requirements listed in the Materials
Appendix, unless those are more stringent.

7.10.5 For ISO 10423 services rated above 5000 psi; other drain, kicker and
vent valve types may be used subject to approval by the Chairman of
the Valves Standards Committee.

7.11 Instrumentation Root Isolation Valves

7.11.1 Instrumentation root isolation valves shall be API STD 602 gate valves.
Approval of equivalents shall be referred to the Chairman of the Valves
Standards Committee.

7.11.2 Modular valve assemblies consisting of a root isolation valve together

with bleed/vent and other types of valves and instruments are permitted
subject to specific review and approval by the Chairman of the Valves
Standards Committee on a case-by-case basis.

7.12 Steam Service

Isolation valves, NPS 2 inch and larger, in Class 600 and higher rated systems
shall be parallel slide gate valves equipped with a cavity pressure relief system.
Other gate type shall be specifically approved by the Chairman of the Valves
Standards Committee.

7.13 Blowdown Valves

Blowdown valves in gas pipelines shall be plug valves.

7.14 Bypass/Equalization Valves

Mainline bypass/equalization valves in gas service shall be inverted pressure

balanced lubricated plug valves.

7.15 Buried Valves

Valves shall be an API 6D valve type which is designed for buried service in
accordance with the requirements in API 6D and 04-SAMSS-035.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Next Planned Update: 1 March 2019 Selection of Valves

Other valve types are permitted where the applicable 04-SAMSS provides the
buyer the option to specify buried service, in such cases the valve shall be
specified and designed with appropriate features (e.g., stem and shaft extensions
to raise the operator above ground, position indicators, extension
casings/housings for protecting extended stems and shafts, sealed interfaces to
prevent ingress of external contaminants and moisture, means of preventing
pressure buildup in operators and stem extension assemblies resulting from stem
or bonnet seal leakage).

7.16 Auto-Ignition services

Isolation valves shall be quarter turn non rising stem designs. The use of rising
stem valves is not permitted without the specific approval of the Chairman of
the Valves Standards Committee.

8 Materials Limitations

8.1 Valves with bodies of cast iron, ductile iron, or low melting point alloys (such as
brass or bronze) shall not be used in hydrocarbon services.

8.2 Valves with steel bodies shall be used in the following cases:
a) The first valve on all tanks and other vessels if failure could create a
personnel or fire hazard or result in a large monetary loss.
b) In hazardous areas where it is essential that the valve not fail in a fire.

8.3 Minimum (basic) material requirements are specified in the attached Materials
Appendix, except as modified above.

All environmental factors, production/process variables, etc., must be evaluated

and where necessary higher corrosion resistance material grades shall be used.
Environment changes during the design life must also be considered. See
SAES-L-132 and SAES-L-133.

A material which is equivalent or better than a material listed in the Materials

Appendix attached to this standard can be used subject to the approval of the
Chairman of the Valves Standards Committee. For service conditions which
differ from those listed in the Materials Appendix attached to this standard,
consult the Chairman of the Valves Standards Committee.

Refer to paragraph 4.4 for cases where the required materials differ from those
in the SAMSS.

8.4 When austenitic stainless steels are to be seal-welded, welded or overlaid, low
carbon grades shall be specified.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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8.5 Valves and chokes in sour service shall comply with NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156.
See SAES-L-133, Section 6.2 for definitions of sour service.

8.6 See SAES-L-132, Section 5.3.2, for special considerations for Stainless Steels.

8.7 See Section 6.4.2 of SAES-W-011 or Section 6.1.6 of SAES-W-012 as

applicable, for restrictions on dissimilar metal welds (DMWs).

8.8 See SAES-L-132 for special considerations for High Temperature Hydrogen
Service, Section 5.3.3.

Revision Summary
1 March 2016 Revised the Next Planned Update, reaffirmed the content of the document, and reissued as major
revision. Main changes: (1) Periodic revision due date is 11 October 2015, (2) Added API 623
and API 594 which have been adopted into 04-SAMSS-002 (Globe) and 04-SAMSS-005 (Check),
(3) Added section 7.15 Buried valves, (4) Added section 7.16 Auto-ignition services, (5) Updated
non-metallic / material requirements and options in the tables, and (6) Updated list of references.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Materials Appendix

Table I - Service and Application Requirements Valve Body and Trim Materials
Conditions Valve Materials
Environment Conc.(%) Temp.(C) Body Trim Remarks

Acid, Hydrochloric LT 37 5 - 50 PVC PVC No ferric ions or other

B-2 B-2 oxidants for B-2

Acid, Hydrofluoric 1 - 70 5 - 50 M400 C-276 No glass or glass reinforced

non-oxidizing GT 65 5 - 40 PTFE, PFA PTFE, PFA plastics; no titanium,
zirconium or tantalum

Acid, Hydrofluoric All conc. to 50 20 20

(aerated or oxidizing)

Acid, Nitric 1 - 70 5 - 50 304L (6) 304L 304L is preferred to 316L for

70 - 99 30 max. 304L 304L nitric acid

Acid, Phosphoric 1 - 85 5 - 50 316 316L Applies to chloride or fluoride

G-3(X) G-3(X) free grades of phosphoric
acid only

Acid, Sulfuric(8) 90 -100+ to 50 316 316L

or Sulfurous 1 -103 to 65 20 20
to 60 to 65 CPVC CPVC
1 - 100 100 C-276 C-276

ADIP (Amino- 20 - 30 5 - 150 CS 316 No copper alloys allowed

Diisopropanol)

Air or Nitrogen gas N/A 0 - 400 CS 410

BR BR

Ammonia, 100 0 - 50 CS 410 No copper alloys allowed

Anhydrous (10)

Carbon Dioxide
dry 100 0 - 150 CS 410
wet LT 100 5 - 90 316 316

Chlorine,
dry (12) 100 0 - 70 CS M400
M400 M400
wet (13) LT 100 0 - 70 CPVC CPVC
C-276 C-276 For castings, Hastelloy C-4
LT 10 0-49 PVC PVC is preferred to C-276

Chlorine/Water 1-5 to 50 PVC PVC

50 - 80 CPVC CPVC
to 80 C-276 C-276 For castings, Hastelloy C-4
is preferred to C-276

(Refer to General and Specific Notes at the end of Table 1)

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Table I (Cont'd)

Conditions Valve Materials

Environment Conc.(%) Temp.(C) Body Trim Remarks

Crude Oil or N/A to 220 CS ENP Up to 10% water cut only

Product (15) during the design life.
TEFZEL or PEEK soft seals
and seats shall be specified if
valves will be exposed to
acidizing conditions
to 280 CS 410
CS 316
CS TC
280 to 340 CrMo5 410 See note (30)
340 to 500 316 316

Diglycolamine to 100 to 65 CS 410 Use 316 bodied valves where

(DGA) or CS 316(X) 304 or 316S.S. pipe is
Diethanolamine 20 - 70 5 - 190 CS 316 employed or for throttling
(DEA) 316(X) 316 applications

Flare Lines N/A to 400 CS 410

CS 316

Freon 100 0 to 70 CS 410

-100 to 0 316 316

Hydrocarbon Gas N/A -18 to 220 CS ENP ENP trim not permitted
including Khuff - 18 to 280 CS 410 for wet or sour gas
Gas (15, 18)
CS TC

Hydrogen (16) 100 0 - 220 CS ENP Same restriction on ENP as

CS 410 above
316(X) 316(X)
220 to 325 CrMo22 410
316(X) 316(X)
325 to 400 316 316

Hypochlorite, to 5 5 - 50 PVC PVC Treat same as chlorine/water

Sodium or Calcium to 15 0 – 60 PTFE/PFA PTFE/PFA solutions

Light Hydrocarbons 100 -18 to 220 CS ENP ENP trim not permitted for
(Butane, Ethane, -18 to 400 CS 410 wet or sour gas
Hexane, Methane, CS 316
Pentane and CS TC
Propane) and -45 to -18 LTS 316
NGL LT -45 304 304
316 316

Lube Oil 100 5 - 120 CS 410

304 304
316 316

(Refer to General and Specific Notes at the end of Table 1)

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Table I (Cont'd)
Conditions Valve Materials
Environment Conc.(%) Temp.(C) Body Trim Remarks

Naphtha 100 0 - 150 CS 410

CS 316(X)

Sewer, Oily Water N/A 5 - 50 DI (7) Br(20)

Sewer, N/A 5 - 50 DI (7) Br(20)

Storm or Br (20) Br(20)
Sanitary PVC PVC
to 80 PP PP

Sodium 50 5 - 50 D2 20
Hydroxide 316(X) 316(X)
50 - 80 CS M400
M400(X) M400 (2)
20 5 - 50 CS M400
304L(X) 304L(X)
7 5 - 80 CS 316
CS M400
7 80 - 100 M400 M400

Steam 100 120 - 400 CS 410 Seat rings shall be overlayed

400 - 480 CRMoll 410 with Stellite. For Class 600
systems and higher, all
seating areas shall be
overlayed

Steam 100 5 - 120 CS 410

Condensate CS 410

Sulfur Dioxide 0.5 C-276 C-276 Solution in deaerated

(Solution) sea-water, pH 1.5

Sulfur Molten 100 GT 107 CS 316 Keep dry. Moisture causes

corrosion

Water
Non-corrosive N/A 0 - 100 CS 410 Includes deaerated and/or
(oxygen free or D1 (7) Br inhibited sea, raw, well water
(inhibited) Br Br Zeolite softened, chilled, and
CS 316 boiler feed water. pH GT 6,
oxygen LT 25 ppb

Potable (Sweet) N/A 5 - 50 Br (20) Br (20) Nickel Aluminum Bronze is

PVC PVC not permitted.
CS (26) 316
D1 (7) Br (20)
50 - 72 Br (20) Br (20)
CS (26) 316
5 - 72 CPVC CPVC

(Refer to General and Specific Notes at the end of Table 1)

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Table I (Cont'd)
Conditions Valve Materials
Environment Conc.(%) Temp.(C) Body Trim Remarks

Saline N/A 5 - 80 SSS SSS For sour brine, formation and

(includes all SSS Ti disposal water, and other
untreated sea, Br (20) Br (20) highly corrosive waters such
raw, well, and as untreated sea water,
aquifier waters) Wasia water, up to NPS
(Aerated, corrosive) 4-inch. (21,23)
(14, 28, 29)
CS SSS For larger sizes, body shall
be internally lined or coated.
CS (24) Br (20) (22)
CS 316 (27)
DI Br (20)

Br (20) Br (20) For low pressure utility

D2 Br (20) service waters (raw water,
DI (7) Br (20) well water) which are not as
to 60 PE-HD PE-HD aggressive.
to 80 PP PP

Soft or Pure N/A 5 - 50 304 304 Includes Zeolite softened,

316 316 distilled or demineralized.
5 - 50 PVC PVC
5 – 72 CPVC CPVC
to 80 PP PP

General Notes:
(A) All valve designs shall incorporate features required to resist galling of mating surfaces by means of necessary
hardness differentials, weld overlays, galling resistant material combinations, etc.
(B) Trim material includes the stem, the body and closure seating surfaces, bushings, pins, springs, guides, or any small
parts in contact with the service fluid.
(C) The gate, disc, piston, ball, or plug that provide closure are normally made from the “trim” material in smaller valve
sizes (less than about 6 inches). The closure may be made from material equivalent to the valve body except that
the closure seating surfaces shall be of the material having a corrosion resistance equal to or “better” than the trim.
(D) See Table IV(a), (b) and (c) for material designations.
(E) LT means “Less Than”, GT means “Greater Than.”
(F) (X) indicates materials for critical applications such as hazardous service, poor accessibility for maintenance, or
significant loss of production in the event of failure.
(G) Austenitic (“300 Series”) stainless steel components that are to be welded or weld overlaid shall be low carbon
(.03% carbon maximum) grades. Low carbon grades may be substituted for regular carbon grades, but not vice
versa.

Specific Notes:
(2) Monel K-500 may be substituted for Monel 400 where additional hardness or strength is required.
(6) Do not expose stainless-steel trim to HCl acid-cleaning.
(7) Gray cast iron valve bodies may be substituted for ductile iron. However, ductile iron is preferred.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Table I (Cont'd)

(8) Sulfuric acid concentrations over 100% (“Oleum”) contain free sulfur trioxide.
(10) Inhibited against stress corrosion cracking of steel with minimum 2000 ppm water.
(12) Dry chlorine contains less than 2000 ppm water; do not use with titanium components.
(13) Wet chlorine contains at least 2000 ppm water.
(14) These services are subject to additional considerations such as galvanic compatibility, velocity effects or additional
water chemistry factors. For example, high velocities or low pH may dictate against the use of bronze trim or Ductile
Iron (DI) bodies. Copper alloy bodied valves shall not be used with carbon steel pipe in corrosive water service
without the use of insulating sets.
(15) Materials for valves in wet sour service shall meet the requirements of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156.
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 defines sour service. See also SAES-L-133.
(16) See Nelson Charts for details concerning the influence of temperature and partial pressure of hydrogen on material
selection.
(18) Body materials for Khuff Gas valves are per ISO 10423. Drain valves and valves at low points where water may
collect under stagnant conditions shall be addressed per the dead leg sections in SAES-L-310.
(20) Where indicated, the zinc content of wetted copper alloy components shall be 16% or less.
(21) Availability of bronze valves in ratings above Class 150 is limited, and have not yet been tried in Saudi Aramco.
(22) Linings are generally used in butterfly valves, non-lubricated plug valves, and some wedge gate valves. Coatings
are used on ball, check, globe and gate valves; internal coatings shall be in accordance with SAES-H-002.
(23) Sour brine services may require specification of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156.
(24) Use ductile iron body, if available, for butterfly valves in non-hydrocarbon services.
(26) For potable water service, carbon steel body valves with SS316 trim are allowed in NPS 4-inch and above only.
For critical service, use coated or lined valves.
(27) Type 316 trim is only acceptable when there is a high degree of confidence that occasional oxygen ingress cannot
occur due to startup conditions, pump or valve packing leaks, etc. All trim shall be full SS316.
(28) Carbon steel overlaid with UNS N06625 may be substituted for super austenitic or duplex stainless steels (SSS)
provided that (a) the entire exposed area is overlaid and (b) the fused material has no more than 30% dilution.
(29) Where seawater is chlorinated, residual chlorine should be limited to 2 ppm or less for SSS alloys rated A in
Table IV-B, 1 ppm for those rated B, and 0.5 ppm for those rated C. Where residual chlorine exceeds 2 ppm,
the Alloy C family of alloys in Table IV-A should be considered.
(30) For refinery applications, follow SAES-L-132 Table 2, note 9.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Table II - Alternate Stem and Spring Materials

The stem and spring alloys listed below may be used in valves having the trim materials
specified in Table I. These alloys usually may be fabricated to the required strength
levels more readily than the general trim materials and their corrosion resistance is
approximately equal to or better than that of the corresponding general trim.

Alternate Alternate
Specified Trim Stem Materials Spring Materials (2)

Stainless Steels
410 17-4, A286 17-4, X750, 600
6NM 17-4, A286 17-4, X750, 600
304 17-4, A286 17-4, X750, 600
316 N50, 718 718, MP35N, E1g
20 625 MP35N, Elg, 625, C-276
SSS 625 MP35N, Elg, 625, C-276

Low Alloy Steels

CrMoll, CrMo22, CrMo5 17-4, 410 17-4, X750

Copper Alloys M400, MK500, SSS, 625, C-276, MP35N, Elg

Br Aluminum Bronze, Nickel
Aluminum Bronze, Silicon
Bronze C69400
Nickel Base Alloys
M400 MK500, 718, C-276 (1) MP35N, Elg, C-276, 625, 718
G-3 625, C-276 MP35N, Elg, C-276, 625

Notes:
(1) A specialized application for gaseous chlorine service.
(2) Iron base alloy springs shall not be used in sour service.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Table III - Service and Application Requirements - Plastic/Elastomeric Components

M A T E R I A L S (2)
(See Table IV)
(See Notes 7 and 8)
Regarding Fluorocarbon Materials)

Environment (1) O-Rings, Diaphragms &

Resilient Seats (8) Plastic Parts (7)

Acid, Hydrochloric EPDM, T, OT, EOT, IIR, CR PVC, CPVC, PE, PP

Acid, Hydrofluoric CSM, T, OT, EOT PP, PE, PVDC, CPE

Acid, Nitric
to 100% PTFE/Elastomer (3) FFKM CPE, PTFE, FEP
to 60% Fluorocarbon Elastomer CPVC, CPE

Acid, Phosphoric EPDM, IIR, CR, NR, CSM PVC, CPVC, PE, PP,
CPE, PVDC

Acid, Sulfuric Oleum PTFE/Elastomer, FFKM Fluorocarbon Plastics only,

except PVDF and ECTFE

Acid, Sulfuric
90%+ CSM PVDC, CPE
LT 60% CR, CSM, IIR, EPDM PVDC, CPE, CPVC

Acid, Sulfurous Fluorocarbon elastomers

Air Any within dry temperature

and pressure limits

Ammonia (8) Any except amine cured FKM, TFE/P Any except Nylon

Amines (MEA, DEA, DGA, VMQ, EPDM, T, OT, EOT, CSM FEP, PTFE
ADIP) (8) (amine cured FKM, TFE/P not suitable)

Carbon Dioxide, Dry Any within dry temperature limits

150°C and pressure limits

Carbon Dioxide, Wet Any within temperature/

90°C pressure limits

Chlorine, Dry Fluorocarbon Elastomers FVMQ (4) Fluorocarbon Plastics

Chlorine, Wet Fluorocarbon Elastomers FVMQ PVC, CPVC

Crude Oil
to 50°C Fluorocarbon Elastomers PVC, CPVC, PP, PPS
to 200°C Fluorocarbon Elastomers Fluorocarbon Plastics

Freon 11 or 12 NBR, HNBR, CSM, CO, ECO, GECO, CPVC, Nylon

TFE/E (FKM not suitable)

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Table III (Cont'd)

M A T E R I A L S (2)
(See Table IV)
(See Notes 7 and 8)
Regarding Fluorocarbon Materials)

Environment (1) O-Rings, Diaphragms &

Resilient Seats (8) Plastic Parts (7)

Gas [T LT 121°C Fluorocarbon Elastomers (5) PVC, CPVC, PPS

(250°F)]

Gasoline (9) FKM, T, OT, EOT, FVMQ PVDF, PVDC, CPE

Gasoline, MTBE blend NBR (min. 40% acrylonitrile), HNBR, FFKM Fluorocarbon plastics

Hydrogen Sulfide T, OT, EOT, CSM, EPDM PE, PP, PVC, PVDF

Hypochlorite, Ca/Na Butyl, CSM, CR, CO, ECO, GECO, EPDM PVC, CPVC, PVDC

Light Hydrocarbons T, OT, EOT, CO, ECO, GECO, FKM, Fluorocarbon Plastics, PPS
(Butane, Ethane, Methane, FMQ, FVMQ
Pentane, Propane)

Naphtha T, OT, EOT, CO, ECO, GECO, FVMQ PVDC, CPE

Sewage, Oily CR, NBR, HNBR, , T, OT, EOT PVC, CPVC, PVDC

Sewage, Sanitary Any Any

Sodium Hydroxide Any except FKM and TFE/P Any except PVDC
at high conc.

Sodium Carbonate (all conc.) Any Polypropylene, NR, PVC,

CPVC
Sodium Sulfite Any Any

Sulfur, Molten PTFE/Elastomer, FFKM Fluorocarbon Plastics

Sulfur Trioxide Solution 0.5% Fluorocarbon Elastomers

Sulfamic Acid (to 30%) EPDM, IIR, CSM, NR PP, PVC

Water, All Services Any except EU (ester-based polyurethane) Any (6)

Notes:
(1) Temperatures are 49°C or less unless otherwise indicated.
(2) See Table IV-A, B and C for material designations.
(3) “Elastomer” indicates any backup elastomer within the permissible temperature range.

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Table III (Cont'd)

(4) Do not use diaphragm valves in dry chlorine service.

(5) FKM (such as Viton) shall be the peroxide cured Grade GF, GLC or equal where amine inhibitor is employed.
(6) For water services, use PVC up to 50°C. Use CPVC in range between 5°C and 72°C.
(7) The fluorocarbon plastics PTFE, FEP, ETFE, ECTFE, CTFE, PFA and PVDF are compatible with all of the services
listed in Table III, except that PVDF and ECTFE are not suitable for oleum service. To avoid excessive repetition,
these materials are not referred to in Table III, except for the notation “fluorocarbon plastics” where the above are the
only suitable materials for plastic liners.
(8) Services not compatible with fluorocarbon elastomers are the exception. These materials are not listed under
“O-Rings, Diaphragms and Resilient Seats,” except for services where fluorocarbon elastomers are the only suitable
materials for these components. The term “fluorocarbon elastomers” refers to FFKM, FKM, TFE/P, or PTFE/E in
Table IV-B, but not FMQ or FVMQ (Fluoro-silicone Rubber). FFKM (Perfluoroelastomers), and PTFE backed
elastomers (PTFE/Elastomer) are suitable for all services in Table III. FKM and TFE/P are not resistant to
concentrated nitric acid (G.T. 60%), oleum, concentrated caustic, ammonia, many amines (except “GF”), steam,
Freon. Peroxide cured FKM (grades GF or GLC) may be used in amines or ammonia, but not amine cured FKM.
(9) Nitrile Rubber (NBR) is not suitable for gasoline or sour fluids.

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Table IVA - Metallic Material Designations

Alloy Designation Description UNS No.

17-4 17-4 PH Stainless Steel S17400

20 Alloy 20 N08020

304 AISI 304 Stainless Steel S30400

304L AISI 304L Stainless Steel S30403

316 AISI 316 Stainless Steel S31600

316L AISI 316L Stainless Steel S31603

410 AISI 410 Stainless Steel S41000

4140 AISI 4140 Steel G41400

600 Alloy 600 N06600

625 Alloy 625 N06625

6NM 13 Cr-4Ni Stainless Steel (Grade CA6NM) (3) J91540

718 Alloy 718 N07718

800 Alloy 800 NO8800

825 Alloy 825 N08825

A286 Precipitation - Hardening Stainless Steel S66286

B-2 Hastelloy B-2 N10665

Br Bronze (See Note 1 and Table IV-B) -

C-276 Hastelloy C-276 N10276

CI Gray Cast Iron -

CS Carbon Steel -

CrMoll 1-1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo Steel J11872

CrMo22 2-1/4 Cr 1 Mo Steel J21890

CrMo5 5 Cr-1/2 Mo Steel J42045

D2 Ductile Ni Resist F43000

DI Ductile Iron -

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Table - IVA (Cont'd)

Alloy Designation Description UNS No.

Elg Elgiloy R30003

ENP Electroless Nickel Plating -

G-3 Hastelloy G-3 N06985

LTS Carbon Steel for Low Temperature Applications (2) -

M400 Monel 400 N04400

MK500 Monel K-500 N05500

MP35N MP35N R30035

N50 Nitronic 50 S20910

NiRe Ni Resist Type 1 F41000

NiRe2 Ni Resist Type 2 F41002

SSS Special Stainless Steels (See Table IV-B)

St12 Alloy 12 (Stellite No. 12) R30012

St6 Alloy 6 (Stellite No. 6) R30006

TC Tungsten Carbide -

Ti Titanium (Unalloyed) -

X750 Inconel X750 N07750

Notes:
(1) Copper alloys shall have 16% or less zinc when used in corrosive aqueous service.
(2) Reference: 04-SAMSS-003.
(3) CA6NM Stainless Steel may be substituted for Type CA15 (AISI 410) for cast valve components.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Table IVB - Special Stainless Steels and Copper Base Alloys

Alloy Generic, Popular,

Designation or Trade Name Form UNS No. Spec or Grade

SSS Duplex Stainless (1)

Ferralium (A) Wrought S32550 A240

SAF 2507 (A) Wrought S32750 A276, 182
Zeron 100 (A) Wrought S32760 A276, 182
Zeron 100 (A) Cast J93380
Zeron 25 (B) Wrought
SAF 2205 (B) Wrought S31803 A182-F51
SAF 2205 (B) Cast J92205 A890-4A
CD4MCu (C) Cast J93370 A743, A890
CD4MCu (B) Cast DIN 9.4462
Escoloy (B) Cast J93345 A890-2A
Escoloy (B) Cast A890-3A
Alloy 958 (A) Cast J93404 A890-5A

SSS Superaustenitic

AL-6XN (A) Wrought N08366 B675, B690

25-6Mo (A) Wrought B475, B649
1925HMO (A) Wrought N08926 A240, A479
254 SMO (A) Wrought S31254 A182, A312
254 SMO (A) Cast A351 CKMCuN
Nitronic 50 (B) Wrought S20910 A479-XM19
904L, 2RK65 (B) Wrought N08904 B625, B649
JS-700 (B) Wrought N08700 B672, B599
IN872, HV-93 (B) Cast A743-CN3M

BR Copper Alloys

Aluminum Bronze Cast All B148 (2)

Aluminum Bronze Wrought C60600 B169
Aluminum Bronze Wrought All B150
Valve Bronze Cast C92200 B61
Ounce Metal Cast C83600 B62
Copper-Silicon Alloy Wrought C65100 B98
Copper-Silicon Alloy Wrought C65500 B98
Copper Alloy Cast C84400 B584

Notes:
(1) SSS alloy rankings for pitting and crevice corrosion resistance are shown in parentheses next to the name, (A) being
best. SSS alloys for seawater or sour brine service must be those ranked (A).
(2) ASTM B148 components for seawater service shall receive a temper anneal heat treatment per ASTM B601
Condition “TB”.

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Document Responsibility: Valves Standards Committee SAES-L-108
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Table IVC - Plastics and Elastomers

Material
Designation Generic Names Chemical Name

PLASTICS

PVC PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

CPVC Chlorinated PVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

PE Polyethylene Polyethylene

PP Polypropylene Polypropylene

PVDF Polyvinylidenefluoride

FEP Fluorinated Ethylene-Propylene

ETFE Ethylene-Tefrafluoro Ethylene

ECTFE Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoro-Ethylene

CTFE Chlorotrifluoro-Ethylene

PTFE Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene

Nylon Polyamide

PVDC Polyvinylidene Chloride

CPE Chlorinated polyethylene

PPS Polyphenylene Sulfide

PEEK Polyetheretherketone

ELASTOMERS

NR Natural Rubber Poly-Isoprene

CR Chloroprene Poly-Chloroprene

EPDM Ethylene-Propylene

IIR Butyl Rubber GR-1 Isobutylene Isoprene

NBR Nitrile Rubber Butadiene-Acrylonitrile

CSM Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene

T, OT, EOT Polysulfide Rubber Polysulfide

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Table - IVC (Cont'd)

Material
Designation Generic or Trade Names Polymer

ELASTOMERS (Cont'd)

CO, ECO, GECO Epichlorohydrin Rubber Epichlorohydrin

EU, AU Polyurethane Rubber Polyurethane (ester-, ether-based)

MQ,VMQ,PMQ,PVMQ Silicone Rubber Polysiloxane

FMQ, FVMQ(1)* Fluorosilicone Rubber Polyfluorosiloxane

FLUOROCARBON-ELASTOMERS

FFKM Perfluoroelastomer

FKM Vinylidene Fluoride-Hexafluoropropylene

TFE/P Tetrafluoroethylene-Propylene

PTFE/Elastomer PTFE with any elastomer backing Poly-tetrafuoro-ethylene/Elastomer

Note:
* FMQ and FVMQ are NOT categorized as fluorocarbon elastomer.

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