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    Lec 4

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    The document discusses the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It has two main units: the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) which handles external bus operations like instruction fetching; and the Execution Unit (EU) which decodes and executes instructions. The EU contains an ALU, registers, and flag registers. It has 16 general purpose registers including AX, BX, CX, and DX that can be used as 8-bit or 16-bit registers. The document describes the various registers and their functions, including the pointer registers SP and BP, and index registers SI and DI.

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    Lec 4

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    عمیر بن اصغر
    15 views18 pages
    The document discusses the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It has two main units: the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) which handles external bus operations like instruction fetching; and the Execution Unit (EU) which decodes and executes instructions. The EU contains an ALU, registers, and flag registers. It has 16 general purpose registers including AX, BX, CX, and DX that can be used as 8-bit or 16-bit registers. The document describes the various registers and their functions, including the pointer registers SP and BP, and index registers SI and DI.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It has two main units: the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) which handles external bus operations like instruction fetching; and the Execution Unit (EU) which decodes and executes instructions. The EU contains an ALU, registers, and flag registers. It has 16 general purpose registers including AX, BX, CX, and DX that can be used as 8-bit or 16-bit registers. The document describes the various registers and their functions, including the pointer registers SP and BP, and index registers SI and DI.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    15 views18 pages

    Lec 4

    Uploaded by

    عمیر بن اصغر
    The document discusses the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It has two main units: the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) which handles external bus operations like instruction fetching; and the Execution Unit (EU) which decodes and executes instructions. The EU contains an ALU, registers, and flag registers. It has 16 general purpose registers including AX, BX, CX, and DX that can be used as 8-bit or 16-bit registers. The document describes the various registers and their functions, including the pointer registers SP and BP, and index registers SI and DI.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    8086 MicroProcessors

    Lecture
    8086 Microprocessors

    2
    8086 Microprocessors
     The BIU is responsible for performing all external bus
    operations, such as instruction fetching, reading and
    writing of data operands for memory, address
    generating, and inputting or outputting data for
    input/output peripherals.

     These operations are take place over the system bus.


    This bus includes 16-bit bidirectional data bus, a 20
    bus, and the signals needed to control transfer over the
    bus.

    3
    8086 Microprocessors
     8086 microprocessor is divided internally into two separate
    units:
    ◦ Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
    ◦ Execution Unit (EU)
     The two units functions independently.
     The Execution Unit (EU) is responsible for decoding and
    executing instructions.
     It contains arithmetic logic unit (ALU), status and control flags,
    general-purpose register, and temporary operand registers.
     Maintain the microprocessor status and control flags,
    manipulates the general registers and instruction operands

    4
    THE EXECUTION UNIT
     The EU has 16 bit ALU for performing arithmetic and
    logic operations.

     16 bit registers (AX, BX, CX, DX, SP, BP, SI, DI and
    Flag registers).
    ◦ AX, BX, CX, DX (general purpose registers) can be
    used as eight 8 bit registers (AH, AL, BH, BL, CH,
    CL, DH, DL).

    5
    8086 Microprocessors
     The BIU uses a mechanism known as pre fetching.

     The BIU uses mechanism of pre fetching by queue.

     This queue permits the 8086 to pre fetch instruction


    code.

    6
    8086 Microprocessors

    7
    GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTERS
     General purpose registers (AH, AL, BH, BL,
    CH, CL, DH, DL).

     These registers can be used as 8 individually


    or can be used as 16 BX, CX, and DX.

     The AL register is also called the accumulator


    some features that the other general purpose
    registers do not have.

    8
    GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTERS

    9
    GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTERS
     AX
    ◦ AX is 16 bit accumulator accumulator
    ◦ AL is 8 bit accumulator
     Used for operations involving input/output

    and most arithmetic.


     For example: multiply, divide, and translate

    instructions assume the use of AX.


     Also, some instructions generate more

    efficient machine code if they reference AX


    rather than another register.

    10
    GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTERS
     BX
    ◦ BX is known as the Base register
    ◦ This is only general purpose register whose contents can
    be used for addressing 8086 memory.
     All memory reference utilizing this register content for

    addressing uses the DS as the default segment register.

     BX can also be combined with DI or SI as a base register for


    special addressing.

     BX register is similar to the 8085 HL register.


    (BH to H;
    BL to L)

    11
    GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTERS
     CX

    ◦ CX is known as the counter register

    ◦ It may contain a value to control the number of


    times a loop is repeated or a value to shift bits left
    or right.

    12
    GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTERS
     DX
    DX is known as a data register

    ◦ Used to hold 16 bit result (data).

    ◦ Some I/O operations require its use,

    ◦ like multiply and divide operations that involve


    large values assume the use of DX and AX together
    as a pair.

    13
    POINTER & INDEX REGISTERS
     The 8086 has four other general registers,
     two pointer registers SP and BP,
     two index registers DI and SI
     These are used to store what are called offset addresses

     An offset address represents the displacement of a


    storage location in memory from the segment base
    address in a segment register.

     Unlike the general-purpose data registers, the pointer


    and index registers are only accessed as words (16 bits).

    14
    POINTER REGISTERS
     The two pointer registers (16 bits), stack pointer (SP) and base
    pointer (BP) are used to access data in the stack segment.

     The 16 bit SP register provides an offset value, which, when


    associated with the SS register (SP:SS), refers to the current
    word being processed in the stack.

     The SP contents are automatically updated during the execution


    of a POP and PUSH

    15
    POINTER REGISTERS

    16
    17
    18

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