Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
300 views

Dynamic Analysis Using FEA

This document discusses dynamic analysis and modal analysis. It provides the equations of motion for dynamic analysis and outlines the steps to perform modal analysis of both undamped and damped systems. It also presents the element mass matrices for different structural elements like beams, frames, triangles, etc. The document includes two problems - the first asks to find the natural frequencies of a frame using MATLAB, and the second asks to analyze forced vibration of a cantilever beam using MATLAB as the force frequency varies.

Uploaded by

Nallathambi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
300 views

Dynamic Analysis Using FEA

This document discusses dynamic analysis and modal analysis. It provides the equations of motion for dynamic analysis and outlines the steps to perform modal analysis of both undamped and damped systems. It also presents the element mass matrices for different structural elements like beams, frames, triangles, etc. The document includes two problems - the first asks to find the natural frequencies of a frame using MATLAB, and the second asks to analyze forced vibration of a cantilever beam using MATLAB as the force frequency varies.

Uploaded by

Nallathambi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Dynamic analysis

Dr.R.Vasudevan,
Professor,
SMBS-VIT university.
vasudevan.r@vit.ac.in
Outline:
 Dynamic analysis
 Element mass matrix
 Problem 1: Free vibration using MATLAB
 Modal analysis
Modal analysis of undamped system
Modal analysis of damped system
 Problem 2: Forced vibration using MATLAB
Dynamic analysis
 Inertia force to be included

 Equations of motion: ∂ 2u ∂σ x ∂τ xy
ρ 2 = + + fx
∂t ∂x ∂y
∂ 2v ∂σ y ∂τ xy
ρ 2= + + fy
∂t ∂y ∂x
Element mass matrix
Euler-Bernoulli beam:
l
Element mass matrix: [ M ] = ∫ ρAN T N dx
e

 156 22l 54 − 13l 


ρAl
 22l 4l 2 13l − 3l 2 
[M e ] =  
420  54 13l 156 − 22l 
 
− 13l − 3l 2 − 22l 4l 2 
Timoshenko beam:
2 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
ρAl  
[M e ] =
6 1 0 2 0
 
0 0 0 0
Frame element:

2m1 0 0 m1 0 0 
 0 156m2 22lm2 0 54m2 − 13lm2 
 
 0 22lm2 4l 2 m2 0 13lm2 − 3l m2 
2

[M ] = 
e

 m1 0 0 2m1 0 0 
 0 54m2 13lm2 0 156m2 − 22lm2 
 
 0 − 13lm2 − 3l 2 m2 0 − 22lm2 4l 2 m2 
Linear triangular element:
2 0 1 0 1 0
0 2 0 1 0 1
 
ρA 1 0 2 0 1 0
[M ] =
e
 
12 0 1 0 2 0 1
1 0 1 0 2 0
 
0 1 0 1 0 2
4 0 2 0 1 0 2 0
0 4 0 2 0 1 0 2
Bi-linear element : 
2

0 4 0 2 0 1 0
 
ρ A  0 2 0 4 0 2 0 1
[M ] =
e

36 1 0 2 0 4 0 2 0
 
0 1 0 2 0 4 0 2
2 0 1 0 2 0 4 0
 
0 2 0 1 0 2 0 4
 Equations of motion for dynamic analysis:

[ M ]{d} + [ K ]{d } = {F (t )}
 For free vibration :

[ M ]{d} + [ K ]{d } = 0
 The eigen value problem:

([ K ] − ω [ M ]}{d } = 0
2

where ω is the angular natural frequency in rad/s and d is the mode shape.
Problem 1: Free vibration using MATLAB

Find the natural frequency of a frame of L-shaped which is made of two beams of
length of 1 m each. Both beams have cross section of 0.01 m by 0.01m. The elastic
Modulus is 100 GPa. The beam has mass density of 1000 kg/m3.
Problem 1: Free vibration using MATLAB
Find the natural frequency of a
frame of L-shaped which is made
of two beams of length of 1 m
each. Both beams have cross
section of 0.01 m by 0.01m. The
elastic Modulus is 100 GPa. The
beam has mass density of 1000
kg/m3.

Mode Natural
no. frequency
1 34
2 92
3 455
4 667
5 1458
Modal analysis
 What is modal analysis?
A technique used to determine a structure’s vibration characteristics:
 Natural frequencies

 Mode shapes

 Mode participation factors (how much a given mode participates in

a given direction)
 Most fundamental of all the dynamic analysis types.
 Allows the design to avoid resonant vibrations or to vibrate at a
specified frequency (speakers, for example).

Gives engineers an idea of how the design will respond to different


types of dynamic loads.
Helps in calculating solution controls (time steps, etc.) for other
dynamic analyses.
Recommendation: Because a structure’s vibration characteristics
determine how it responds to any type of dynamic load, always perform
a modal analysis first before trying any other dynamic analysis.
Modal analysis of undamped system

 The governing differential equation of motion for a “n” degree of


freedom linear second order system:

[M ]{d}+ [K ]{d } = {F }
The form of response or solution can be assumed as: {d (t )} = {φ}eiωt
{φ} - mode shape (eigen vector) and ω natural frequency
The general solution to be linear combination of each mode:

{d (t )} = c1{φ1}eiω t + c2 {φ2 }eiω t + ....... + cn {φn }eiω t


1 2 n

For free vibration with {F}=0, (− ω [M ] + [K ]){φ}e


2 i ωt
=0
ωi2 [ M ]{φi } = [ K ]{φi }
Multiply {φi }T on both sides, ωi {φi } [M ]{φi } = {φi } [K ]{φi }
2 T T

According to the general property of mass and stiffness matrix in the form

{X }T [M ]{X } > 0, {X }T [K ]{X } ≥ 0, for {X } ≠ 0


As the eigen vectors are orthogonal with respect to mass and stiffness
matrices

for i ≠ j {φ } [M ]{φ } = {φ }[K ]{φ } = 0


j
T
i j
T
i

The orthogonality of eigen vectors provides

{φi } [M ]{φi } = 1
T
{φ j }T [K ]{φi } = ωi2

After normalizing the eigen vector, {d } = [Φ ]{η }


[Φ ] = [φ1 , φ 2 ,......, φ n ]
[M ][Φ ]{η} + [K ][Φ ]{η } = {F }
Premultiplying [Φ ]T on both sides

[Φ ]T [M ][Φ ]{η} + [Φ ]T [K ][Φ ]{η } = [Φ ]T {F }

{η} + diag[ωi2 ]{η} = ΦT {F } = { fi }


In other words, the system equations are decoupled, η i +ω i η i = f i
 2
Modal analysis of damped system

 The governing differential equation of motion for a “n” degree of


freedom linear second order system:

[M ]{d}+ [C ]{d} + [K ]{d } = {F }


Proportional or Rayleigh’s damping: [C ] = α [M ] + β [K ]
{φi }T [C ]{φ j } = 0, i≠ j

and [Φ ] [C ][Φ ] becomes a diagonal matrix


T

Governing differential equation of motion: η i +2ξ iωiηi + ωi ηi = f i


 2

Application of Laplace transform yields,

ηi (0 ) + (s + 2ξ iωi )ηi (0) + f i (s )


ηi (s ) =
s 2 + 2ξ iωi s + ωi
2
The inverse Laplace transform yields,
ξi t
ηi (t ) = ηi (0) e cos ωd t +η i (0 ) − ηi (0)e sin (ωd t ) + sin ωd (t − τ ) f (τ )dτ
1 −ξ iωi (t −τ )
∫e
−ξ iωi t −ξ iωi t

1 − ξi
2 ωd 0

The solution in physical coordinates: {d (t )} = [Φ ]{η (t )}


Problem 2: Forced vibration using MATLAB

 Beam: Cantilever beam


 Force applied: A harmonic force of magnitude 1 N at the tip of the
beam and excitation frequency varies from 0 to 3000 rad/s
Mode Natural
no. frequency
1 65
2 402
3 1135
Questions

 ?
 ?
 ?
 ?
 ?
Thank You…

You might also like