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    Hydrology

    Uploaded by

    Kurt Francis Acosta
    This document discusses the hydrologic cycle and the earth's atmosphere. It defines key terms like hydrology, meteorology, and hydrometeorology. It describes the composition and layers of the atmosphere. The hydrologic cycle involves processes like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration, and groundwater flow that move water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans. Climate is the long-term weather patterns of an area, while weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions. The hydrologic cycle and weather/climate can be impacted by factors like greenhouse gas emissions and phenomena like El Niño.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydrology

    Uploaded by

    Kurt Francis Acosta
    20 views2 pages
    This document discusses the hydrologic cycle and the earth's atmosphere. It defines key terms like hydrology, meteorology, and hydrometeorology. It describes the composition and layers of the atmosphere. The hydrologic cycle involves processes like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration, and groundwater flow that move water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans. Climate is the long-term weather patterns of an area, while weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions. The hydrologic cycle and weather/climate can be impacted by factors like greenhouse gas emissions and phenomena like El Niño.

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    This document discusses the hydrologic cycle and the earth's atmosphere. It defines key terms like hydrology, meteorology, and hydrometeorology. It describes the composition and layers of the atmosphere. The hydrologic cycle involves processes like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration, and groundwater flow that move water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans. Climate is the long-term weather patterns of an area, while weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions. The hydrologic cycle and weather/climate can be impacted by factors like greenhouse gas emissions and phenomena like El Niño.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views2 pages

    Hydrology

    Uploaded by

    Kurt Francis Acosta
    This document discusses the hydrologic cycle and the earth's atmosphere. It defines key terms like hydrology, meteorology, and hydrometeorology. It describes the composition and layers of the atmosphere. The hydrologic cycle involves processes like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration, and groundwater flow that move water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans. Climate is the long-term weather patterns of an area, while weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions. The hydrologic cycle and weather/climate can be impacted by factors like greenhouse gas emissions and phenomena like El Niño.

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    Hydrology – study of waters of the Earth such as its

    occurrence, circulation, distribution, properties and However, human civilization, and some
    reaction with environment activities and technologies are releasing gases such as
    CO2, methane and nitrous oxide. Thus, excessive
    Meteorology – study of the atmosphere greenhouse gases cause increase in temperature and
    Hydrometeorology – study of the waters of the Earth global warming.
    and atmosphere LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE
    SOURCES OF WATER  Troposphere – phenomenon of weather and
     Atmospheric water – precipitation climate occurs here; MSL (Mean Sea Level) to
    10 km
     Surface water – water above surface of Earth
    (lakes, rivers, seas and ocean)  Stratosphere – 10 to 50 km

     Subsurface water – water below surface of  Mesosphere – 50 to 90 km


    Earth (groundwater)  Thermosphere – 90 to 120 km
    The world’s water supply is composed of  Exosphere – > 120 km
    97.5% of salt water and 2.5% of fresh water. Fresh
    water is further subdivided into 3: lakes and rivers THE ATMOSPHERE
    (0.4%), snow and ice (68.7%), and groundwater
    (30.9%).  Due to the gravitational pull of the Earth, as
    you go up higher, pressure and temperature
    Among the three, groundwater is our main decrease.
    source of clean water.
    HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
    THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
     Deals with the storage, movement/transport
     An envelop of gases surrounding the earth and transformation of water in Earth
    and bound to it permanently by gravitational
    force Water is stored in:
     Atmosphere – water vapor
     Composed of clean dry air, water vapor and
    impurities  Soil – soil moisture
    Clean dry air  Surface water – seas, ocean, streams, lakes,
    wetlands, etc.
     Plants and animals
     Groundwater

    Water vapor
     Changes phase easily because critical pressure
    and atmosphere are above atmospheric
    ranges
     0-4% by volume
     Agent or medium of heat transfer in the
    atmosphere
     Most abundant greenhouse gas
    Contribution of current greenhouse gas emissions to
    global warming
    Not all greenhouse gases are bad, like the
    water vapor that does not control the Earth’s
    temperature.
    WEATHER AND CLIMATE
     Weather – condition of the atmosphere at a
    particular place over a short period of time
    (Ex: sunny, rainy, windy)
     Climate – refers to the weather pattern of a
    place over a long period, long enough to yield
    meaningful averages (Ex: hot and humid)
    FACTORS AFFECTING WEATHER AND CLIMATE
    Atmospheric conditions:

    MAJOR PROCESSES IN HYDROLOGIC CYCLE  Solar radiation

     There are 7 major processes in hydrologic  Evaporation


    cycle:  Cloud cover or State of the sky
     Evaporation – water transports from  Temperature
    free water surfaces or land surfaces to
    atmosphere (liquid to gas)  Humidity
     Transpiration – water transports from  Rainfall (precipitation)
    plants and animals to atmosphere
     Atmospheric pressure
     Condensation – water is converted
     Wind
    from gas to liquid
     Precipitation – water transports from
    atmosphere to land and water
    surfaces
     Runoff – water flows on land surface
    or subsurface
     Infiltration – water enters soil surface
     Groundwater flow – water flows
    beneath soil surface and stored in
    rock formations
    Water is transformed:
     Liquid to gas – evaporation and transpiration
     Gas to liquid – rainfall/ precipitation
     Gas to solid – solid forms of precipitation
     Solid to liquid – snowmelt
    HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
     The cycle doesn’t move steadily in a constant
    rate
     Movement of water is erratic in time and over
    area
     Hydrologic cycle may be affected by:
     Drought
     Torrential rains
     El Niño/ La Niña episodes

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