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    Building Blocks of Integrated Circuit Amplifiers:: ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik

    Uploaded by

    Sameh Sherif
    The document discusses current mirrors, which are used to generate stable current sources for biasing multiple amplifier stages in integrated circuits. It covers the basic operation of MOSFET and BJT current mirrors, how to analyze and design them, and how current steering circuits allow a reference current to be copied or varied across amplifiers. Current mirrors are essential building blocks for biasing circuits in integrated circuit amplifiers.

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    Building Blocks of Integrated Circuit Amplifiers:: ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik

    Uploaded by

    Sameh Sherif
    78 views19 pages
    The document discusses current mirrors, which are used to generate stable current sources for biasing multiple amplifier stages in integrated circuits. It covers the basic operation of MOSFET and BJT current mirrors, how to analyze and design them, and how current steering circuits allow a reference current to be copied or varied across amplifiers. Current mirrors are essential building blocks for biasing circuits in integrated circuit amplifiers.

    Original Title

    01Ch7partC_Basic_CM

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    The document discusses current mirrors, which are used to generate stable current sources for biasing multiple amplifier stages in integrated circuits. It covers the basic operation of MOSFET and BJT current mirrors, how to analyze and design them, and how current steering circuits allow a reference current to be copied or varied across amplifiers. Current mirrors are essential building blocks for biasing circuits in integrated circuit amplifiers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views19 pages

    Building Blocks of Integrated Circuit Amplifiers:: ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik

    Uploaded by

    Sameh Sherif
    The document discusses current mirrors, which are used to generate stable current sources for biasing multiple amplifier stages in integrated circuits. It covers the basic operation of MOSFET and BJT current mirrors, how to analyze and design them, and how current steering circuits allow a reference current to be copied or varied across amplifiers. Current mirrors are essential building blocks for biasing circuits in integrated circuit amplifiers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1

    Chapter 7
    Building Blocks
    of Integrated
    Circuit Amplifiers:

    Part C:
    Basic
    Current Mirrors

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    2
    Current Mirror Example
    Two Stage
    Op Amp
    (MOSFET)

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    3
    Current Mirror Example
    Three Stage 741 Opamp (BJT)

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    4

    Basic Current Mirror (CM)

    Goals:
    1) Learn what CM does
    2) Learn its effect on the amplifier
    3) Learn how to analyze CM and how to design it

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    5
    7.4 Integrated Circuit Biasing
    Current Sources, Current Mirrors, and Current-Steering
    Circuits in IC
     Biasing in IC design is based on constant-current sources
     Avoid resistors on IC (issues: chip area, tolerance)

     Problem: How to create stable current source


     Solution: Current Mirrors (CM)

     On IC we may have multiple amplifier stages


     Reference DC current is generated at on CM and is
    copied at other locations for biasing
     This is known as Current steering

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    6
    7.4.1 The Basic MOSFET Current Source
    Basic MOSFET Current Mirror (CM): Io=IREF

    Biasing Resistor

    Diode-connected
    transistor

    1) Q1 is always in saturation!
    2) Q1 and Q2 must be matched for Io=IREF
    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik
    7
    7.4.1 The Basic MOSFET Current Source
    Design of MOSFET CM
    Primary Condition
    𝑰𝑶 (𝑾/𝑳)𝟐
    =
    𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑭 (𝑾/𝑳)𝟏
    Ro

    Effect of ro2
    𝑰𝑶 (𝑾/𝑳)𝟐 𝑽𝒐 − 𝑽𝑮𝑺
    = 𝟏+
    𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑭 (𝑾/𝑳)𝟏 𝑽𝑨𝟐

    Design Equations
    𝑽𝑫𝑫 − 𝑽𝑫𝟏 𝑽𝑫𝟏 = 𝑽𝑫𝑺𝟏 + 𝑽𝑺𝟏 𝑽𝑶𝑽 = 𝑽𝑮𝑺𝟏 − 𝑽𝒕𝒏
    𝑹= 𝟏
    𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑭 𝑽𝑫𝑺𝟏 = 𝑽𝑮𝑺𝟏 𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑭 = 𝒌𝒏𝑽𝑶𝑽𝟐
    𝟐
    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik
    8
    7.4.1 The Basic MOSFET Current Source
    Output Resistance 𝟏 ∆𝑰𝑶
    𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 = =
    𝒓𝒐 ∆𝑽𝑶
    ∆𝑽𝑶 𝑽𝑨𝟐
    𝒓𝒐 = =
    ∆𝑰𝑶 𝑰𝑶
    𝑹𝒐 = 𝒓𝒐
    Ro

    Ro should be as large as possible (why?)


    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik
    9
    expl7.5: MOS Current Mirror

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    10
    7.4.2 MOS Current-Steering Circuits
    Current Steering=
    Multiple CMs from Single CM

    Current can be changed or kept the same depending on


    the transistor W/L ratios
    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik
    11
    7.4.2 MOS Current-Steering Circuits

    Source Follower Common Source


    (Unity gain amplifier) Amplifier

    Current
    Source
    Amplifier

    Current
    Source
    Amplifier

    Note: Other examples are


    covered during the class
    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik
    12
    How do you make Current Mirror on an IC?
    Single Gate Layout Circuit
    Active Region Drain
    Source
    Gate

    Parallel Gate Layout

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    13
    7.4.3 BJT Current Mirrors
    BJT Current Mirror: Io=IREF
     Small error in the current
    mirroring (non-zero bias
    current)
     The current transfer ratio
    Io/IREF is determined by the
    relative areas of the Emitter-
    Base junctions of Q1 and Q2

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    14
    7.4.3 BJT Current Mirrors
    Design of BJT Current Mirror
    Primary Condition
    𝑰𝑶 𝟏
    =
    𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑭 𝟏 + 𝟐/𝜷

    Effect of ro2
    𝑰𝑶 𝟏 𝑽𝒐 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
    = 𝟏+
    𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑭 𝟏 + 𝟐/𝜷 𝑽𝑨𝟐

    Design Equation
    𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬𝟏
    𝑹=
    𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑭

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    15
    ex7.18: BJT Current Mirror

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    Application Example: PNP CE Amp with NPN CM 16

    Note: Other examples


    are covered during
    the class PNP-based
    Common Emitter (CE)
    Amplifier

    NPN/PNP (NMOS/PMOS) work as complimentary pair


    - if PNP is used as amplifier, the current source is provided by NPN
    based current mirror
    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik
    17

    In Class Practice Problems

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    18
    p7.49: MOS Current Mirror

    Simulate

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik


    19
    p7.58: BJT Current Mirror

    ECE 3120 Microelectronics II Dr. Suketu Naik

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