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    Rehan Mahmood
    The document discusses error detection using CRC checksums. a) It performs polynomial long division to determine the message 11100011 with CRC polynomial x^3 + 1 gives remainder 100, so transmitted message is 11100011|100. b) If the first bit is inverted, remainder is 110. The non-zero remainder shows an error occurred.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    This Study Resource Was

    Uploaded by

    Rehan Mahmood
    22 views3 pages
    The document discusses error detection using CRC checksums. a) It performs polynomial long division to determine the message 11100011 with CRC polynomial x^3 + 1 gives remainder 100, so transmitted message is 11100011|100. b) If the first bit is inverted, remainder is 110. The non-zero remainder shows an error occurred.

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    Computer Networks

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    docx (1)

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    The document discusses error detection using CRC checksums. a) It performs polynomial long division to determine the message 11100011 with CRC polynomial x^3 + 1 gives remainder 100, so transmitted message is 11100011|100. b) If the first bit is inverted, remainder is 110. The non-zero remainder shows an error occurred.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views3 pages

    This Study Resource Was

    Uploaded by

    Rehan Mahmood
    The document discusses error detection using CRC checksums. a) It performs polynomial long division to determine the message 11100011 with CRC polynomial x^3 + 1 gives remainder 100, so transmitted message is 11100011|100. b) If the first bit is inverted, remainder is 110. The non-zero remainder shows an error occurred.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1.

    Suppose we want to transmit the message 11100011 and protect it from errors using
    3
    the CRC polynomial x +1

    a) Use polynomial long division to determine the message that should be transmitted.
    b) Suppose the leftmost bit of the message is inverted due to noise on the transmission
    link. What is the result of the receiver’s CRC calculation? How does the receiver
    know that an error has occurred?
    Answer:
    3
    a) B(x) = x +1 =1001

    m
    er as
    co
    eH w
    1001 11100011000
    1001

    o.
    rs e
    -------
    ou urc
    1110
    1001
    -------
    o

    1110
    1001
    aC s

    --------
    vi y re

    1111
    1001
    --------
    ed d

    1101
    ar stu

    1001
    ---------
    1000
    1001
    is

    ---------
     Remainder
    Th

    100

    T(x) = 11100011 | 000


    R(x) = 100
    sh

    P(x) = 11100011 | 100

    This study source was downloaded by 100000791196429 from CourseHero.com on 04-18-2021 06:28:22 GMT -05:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/14275192/HW4/
    b)

    1001 1100011000

    1001
    -------
    1010
    1001

    m
    -------

    er as
    1111

    co
    1001

    eH w
    -------

    o.
    1100
    rs e
    1001
    ou urc
    -------
    1010
    1001
    o

    --------
    aC s

    110  Remainder
    vi y re

    T(x) = 1100011 | 000


    R(x) = 110
    P(x) = 1100011 | 110
    ed d
    ar stu

    Since the remainder is non-zero, we know that something went wrong!


    is
    Th
    sh

    This study source was downloaded by 100000791196429 from CourseHero.com on 04-18-2021 06:28:22 GMT -05:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/14275192/HW4/
    2. Assume B = 10 MHz and SNR = 30 dB.
    How many signal levels are required to achieve the max rate?

    Answer:

    C = B log2 (1+S / N)
    S / N= 2C/B

    m
    er as
    30 dB = 10 log10 (S/N)  S/N = 103 = 1000

    co
    C = 106 x log2 (1+1000) = 106 x 9.9674 = 9.9674 Mbps

    eH w
    Using Nyquist’s theorem
    C = 2B log2M  9.9674 x 106 = 2 x 106 x log2M

    o.
    rs e
     9.9674 x 106 / 2 x 106 = log2M  log2M = 4.9837  M = 24.9837 = 31.6404
    ou urc
    o
    aC s
    vi y re
    ed d
    ar stu
    is
    Th
    sh

    This study source was downloaded by 100000791196429 from CourseHero.com on 04-18-2021 06:28:22 GMT -05:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/14275192/HW4/
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