Updated 2020

Instrumentation
1. Step back or backfilling means; To instrument the root canal to the full length predetermined
working length. (standardized)
A. True
B. False

2. The “Working Length" of a tooth refers to:

A. The total length of a tooth from crown tip to root tip.
B. The measured length of a radiograph of the tooth.
C. The distance between a reference point on the crown and the apical limit of the tooth.
D. None of the above.

3. A central incisor diagnostic (pre operative) radiograph image measures 25mm from the incisal
edge to the root apex. The estimated (initial) working length is :
A. 21mm
B. 25mm
C. 23mm
D. 27mm

4. In instrumentation you should use a curved file.

A. True
B. False

5. Preparing the curved canal in multiple planes:

A. Permits preservation the natural curvatures
B. Increase the risk of furcal perforation
C. Requires Gates-Glidden drills
D. Accomplished by maintaining apical patency

6. You started instrumenting the root canal until you reached the master apical file size #30 K, a
series of files are used after the MAF with 1mm short of each other. The technique is called:
A. Recapitulation
B. Step-back
C. Tug-back
D. None of the above

7. C+ files are used for :

A. Negotiation of curved canals
B. Prepare calcified canals
C. Prepare narrow curvedcanal
D. All of the above

8. If the diameter at D15 is 0.55mm, diameter at D0 is:

A. 0.25 mm
B. 25 mm

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9. Prognosis of separated instrument is good when:

A. Instrument is in the middle third which could not be bypassed
B. Instrument in the apical third blocking the apical foramen
C. Instrument is beyond the apex
D. None of the above

10. For adequate cleaning & shaping while minimizing the loss of root strength, an orifice diameter
can generally be maintained between:
A. 0.2 -0.4
B. 0.5 -0.7
C. 0.9-1.1
D. 1.2-1.4

11. Different between 30 and 35 hand file :

A. 33%
B. 16%
C. 50%
D. 5%

Percentage increase =[(D0 L-D0 S)/D0 S]100=

[(.35-.30)/.30]100=16%

12. D5 of iso file size 30 is :(three Q as this)

1. .4
2. .5
3. .6

13. If D9 53 what is D=0?

A. 45
B. 40
C. 35
D. 30

14. if D15 =.55mm what is the tip size diameter ?

A. 30mm
B. 25mm
C. 30mm
D. 40mm

15. Working part length of the file according to ISO stander:

A. 16mm

16. The diameter of ISO file size 30 D16 : (3 ? same style)

A. 60

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B. 62
C. .62

17. which one is not recommendation of AA of endodontist or Canadian A of endodontiist:

A. use all the file just for once

18. The most important parameter in ledge form is:

A. large diameter of the file corresponding to the diameter of the canal beneath

19. The ledge form due to:

A. Tendency of the file to straight them self in the canal and not follow the curvature

20. First thing to do after ledge formation take x ray with:

A. Spreader size 15
B. Small file
C. File cause the ledge

21. Best technique to lend the ledge with the canal:

A. Anticurvture filing
B. Stepback
C. Crown down

22. The transportation lead to:

A. Decrease the canal curvature
B. Increase the canal curvature

23. One of the cleaning and shaping technique: rotate file inside the canal quarter turn clockwise
and then counterclockwise for more than 180 is : 180-270
A. Crown down
B. Anticurvature
C. Balanced force technique
D. None of the above

24. Endodontic instrument:

A. Spreader will provide space for the accessory cones.
B. Endodontic plugger is used for lateral condensation.

25. Barbed broach what is not true

A. forced inside canal
B. engage canal walls and fracture..
C. can cause perforation.
D. remove pulp tissue.

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26. Coronal flaring technique

A. a. I don’t know
B. b. to gain straight line access to apical area

27. Elbow and zip by !

A. wein!

Wein introduced stepback flared preparation to eliminate production of hourglass appearance, by selective
removing of tooth structure the outer part using rasping motion.
Disadvantage of this technique is stripping perforation

28. Diameter of no 2 GG .!
A. .7 mm

29. Qs in the transportation review : ! !

• definition .!
• As transportation result, the canal curvature will decrease .!
• Inflexible file above size #20 will cause transportation .!
• Large angle and small radius of curvature increase transportation .!
• increased amount of residual debris associated more with transportation.!
• clinical consequnses of transportation : decrease cleaning

30. Apical Stop Can be checked by except:

A- Spreader
B- Prevent over lilting of obturation
C- Last working file should stop in this apical area
D- It is part of tug back

31. Crown down technique by:

1- Marshal

32. Balanced force technique by :

A- Rowan And Sabala , 1985

33. Suggested by Fava:

A- Double flared tech in 1983.

34. According to Roane & Sabala, the effect of clock

wise/counter clock wise :
A- clock wise is more destructive , since the file is engaged and screwed in the canal.

35. Removal of apical dentinal debris from the apical part is called:
A- Recapitulation.
B- Flaring
C- Funneling

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36. Largest working length file :

A- Largest file that goes to full Working Length.
B- The largest File reaching WL + Radiograph.
C- First file that engage canal walls at working length

37. Best prognosis with broken instrument :

A- Stage of cleaning and shaping
B- Site
C- Size

38. to avoid ledge or perforation in curved canal

A. use pre curve file
B. large file
C. Anticurvature
D. A+C

39. Which of the following describes filling motion:

A. A single step motion.
B. Used only on the furcation side of a molar root canal.
C. With 360 rotation movement.
D. Circumferential movement around the canal walls

40. Stripping can be detected by:

A. patient complain of pain
B. sudden appearance of hemorrhage in a dry canal.
C. a+b
D. none of the above.

41. Paque and Peters reported that SAF showed more complete preparation of long canals in
mandibular molars compared to rotary instruments. These types of root canals had been
chosen bec:
A. They are easier to compare results of mechanical preparation techniques
B. They are accessible for shaping for all techniques
C. They are v difficult to shape in all dimensions
D. They are associated with high incidence of files fractures

42. Adorno et al have investigated a very interesting hot topic in endodontics. The initiation of
cracks on the apical root surface by different NiTi rotary files and have found that

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A. The 3 tested files have all caused cracks at the apical root end
B. K3 files have caused significantly more cracks compared to the other 2 files
C. Only when the apical sizes larger than 40 caused significant cracks
D. When instrumentation was done with irrigation there was less cracks

43. According to dr. S Buchanon, during initial canal negotiation, file stop short of the apex most
probably because of :
A. Calcification
B. Ledge formation
C. Sudden change in canals direction
D. Transportation

44. For management of canal impediment, the canal should be flooded with irrigant &
instrumentation to the level of impediment should be accomplished using:
A. Balanced force instrumentation
B. End cutting hand files in a crown down
C. GG drill in brushing motion
D. Safe tip NiTi rotary files

45. For management of ledge, a small size prebent NiTi (GT) hand file used, Degree of pre-bending
is:
A. 45
B. 90
C. 135
D. 180

46. In managing of deep ledge you have to consider that:

A. Extraction is the logic solving of such impediment
B. Not all ledges can or should be totally removed
C. The canal at the site of the ledge must be enlarged to the ledge
D. This type of ledge is better corrected surgically

47. Patency file is:

A. Used to enlarge the apical foramen
B. Used to keep the apical area clean & patent
C. Used at 1 mm from the apex
D. Not used in curved canal
48. All of the following are apical coronal instrumentation techniques
except:
A. Standardized tech.
B. Anti curvature filing tech.
C. Flared step back tech.
D. Step back tech.

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49. The diameter of GG drill #5 equals to how many mms :

A. mm
B. 0.5 mm
C. 1.3mm
D. 1.62mm

50. All of the following are instrumentation tech. except :

A. Balanced force
B. Crown-down pressure less
C. Double flare
D. Recapitulation

51. Which of the following tech. clean ismuth b/w canals :

A. GT root canal prep+ size 25 guage needle irrigation
B. GT root canal prep+ size 28 guage needle irriation
C. GT root canal prep+ passive ultrasonic irrigation
D. Standardized root canal prep.+ endovac irrigation

52. You have trimmed 2 mm of iso standard #35 0.04 taper and inserted the file in apical region
your apical prep:
A. 0.35 mm
B. 0.43 mm
C. 0.37 mm
D. 0.39 mm

53. In a case of symptomatic unhealed previous RCT where there is unrepairable ledge detected
together with proximity to vital anatomic structure txt is
A. Extraction
B. FU
C. Non- surgical retxt followed by surgical
D. Surgical retxt

54. (photo) of (H-file)

55. (photo) of (SEM of B.V. of the pulp

56. (photo) of (broken file)

57. pre curving of files prior to inert into R.C, is/are for:
A. 35 file or over
B. even in slightly curved canals
C. check of broken instruments

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D. a and c
E. b&c

58. the taper of a root canal file refer to :

A. angle of the tip
B. angle of the cutting edge of the flute
C. shape of the file handle
D. increase in diameter of the file from D1 to D2

59. You have started RCT for the maxillary 1st molar and the patient was given another
appointment to complete the treatment. Next time he presented with pain to percussion .this is
due to :
• Overinstrumentation
• Overfilling

60. The "TUGBACK" of the master gutta percha cone refers to:
• The tensile strength of the gutta percha cone
• The retention of the cone in the apical portion of the canal
• The retention of the cone in the coronal half of the canal
• None of the above

61. most common cause of shortening of the Wl is

• Packing the debris in the apical part
• Ledge formation

62. The best to control WL throughout the procedure:

• Continuous irrigation
• Flushing of debris
• Maintain patency using patency file

63. Marinho 2015 (Does the Reciproc file remove root canal bacteria and endotoxins as effectively
as multifile rotary systems?). What are the other systems he compared Reciproc with:
a. Hand files
b. Profile, Prosystem, K3

64. Leal Silva 2015 (Quantitative Transportation Assessment in Simulated Curved Canals
Prepared with an Adaptive Movement System)
c. The TF in rotary motion produced overall less canal transportation in the curved
portion when compared with the others tested systems. MTWO, ProTaper Universal
, FKG Race

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65. Bleeding is detected in the paper point, this will indicate: perforation

66. Which one have variable radial land:

a- Protaper
b- Twisted file
c- Race
d- GT

67. 8. Which one have surface oxidation layer :

a- Protaper
b- Race
c- Profile

68. Which one have asymmetric cross section:

a- Profile
b- Protaper next
c- Twisted file
d- Revo-S SU files , One shape , K3, (not remember will)

69. More flexible file is: (I cannot remember Q)

a- FlexMaster
b- Hero 642
c- K3
d- RaCe

experimentally the relationship between cross-sectional area and flexibility by comparing five
popular brands of rotary NiTi instruments (FlexMaster, Hero 642, K3, ProFile, and RaCe). They
reported that the ProFile and RaCe instruments were most flexible . (Schäfer et al 2003)

70. More flexible file is: (I cannot remember Q)

a- FlexMaster
b- Hero 642
c- Twisted file (R phase)
d- Protaper next (m wire )

71. Cross section of the wave one is :

a- modified convex triangular cross-section at the tip
b- modified convex triangular cross section along the file
c- triangle

72. Protaper system have :

a- Variable taper along its working part

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73. The NTR instruments classify according to :

a. tapering
b. tip sizing
c. cross section
d. helix angle, and pitch.
E. all right

74. The commercial spread of Niti instruments start in :

a. 20th century
b .late 19th century
c .early 19th century ?
d. before 19th century

75. H file cut dentin during :

a. coronal pull
b. apical insertion
c. rotation

76. Root canal should be cleaned, shaped, and obturated to the constriction for each of the
following reasons except:
a. The constriction is the narrowest diameter of the canal.
b. Lateral and accessory canals are common in the apical 1 to 2 mm of the canal.
c. The clinician can easily identify the constriction.
d. Obturating materials are maintained within the root canal system.

77. Step down : George 1982

78. What is the definition of mishap known as ledge:

79. Clinically acceptable canal transporting measurement is: occurrence of up to 0.15 mm is

accepted
100 μm to 150 μm

80. One of the most important factor in the amount of torque generating during root canal
prepartion is:

Contact area of the file with the canal.

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81. which instrument is with cutting tip?

A. K flex file rhomboid has 2 sharp angles & 2 obtuse angle much more efficient than square k
files, also amount of metal is less than H files more flexible .non cutting tip
B. Flex – R non cutting tip
C. H file
D. S file non cutting tip

82. which instrument with double helix Cross section?

A. K flex file
B. Flex - R
C. H file
D. S file

83. instrument that's a modification of H file

A. K flex file
B. Flex - R
C. H file
D. S file Macqspadden did modification of H File remove tip cutting part and named it SAFE H
type files

84. instrument not produced by machining (grinding)?

A. K flex file
B. Uni - file Stst, made by machine
C. H file
D. S file

85. from file #10 to #15, percentage of size increase by:

A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 50%
D. 150%

86. largest S.S file to be used without doing any type of ledge
A. 15
B. 20
C. 25
D. 30

87. barbed broach used for

A. canal instrumentation
B. remove pulp and cotton pellet

88. One of the most important criteria in evaluation of cleaning and shaping of the canal:

Absence of debris under micoscope. (ma qara2’ al jawab kamel)

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89. Which of the following is active file:

Protaper Next.

Protaper S1 & S2 universal has partially active tip

90. Group 3 rotary instrument:

Reciproc.

91. Which of the following is not one of the biological function of irrigant:

Dissolve organic and inorganic.

92. The rate of flow during instrumentation with SAF:

5ml/ minute

93. Which technique was suggested to be used by profile:

Double flare technique.

Several studies demonstrated more centered preparations in teeth with curved root canals shaped with a
modified double-flare technique and Flex-R files compared to shapes prepared with K-files and step-back
technique.434,433
A double-flare technique was also suggested for ProFile rotary instruments.4
94. Emirsion of NiTi instrument over night leads to:

Increase corrosion and decrease tortional resistance.

95. 1st system and only one that not follow sequence order:
a-profile /
b-single file /
c-Race

96. Shilder GP compression : 1973/ 1974/1975/1976

97. Step back- single filling - ?
98. Step down : George 1982
99. Working part of the file → 16mm
100. Standardized tech → Ingle
101. What affect the cyclic fatigue? → radius of curvature
102. Immature tooth , wide canal , what is the best cleaning method? → circumferential tech
103. The advantage of crown down over step back? → decrease torsional fatigue
104. Rececaptutaltion file small → file to remove debris
105. What does 0.06 taper means? → every 1 mm increases 0.06 in taper

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106. Helical angle→between the cutting edge and instrument long axis.

107. which file design have more cyclic fatigue in curve canal
A. Triangular cross section
B. Square cross section

108. Referral from general dentist to you best method for WL

A. tactile
B. paper point
C. angled PA RG
D. EAL

109. : PA X-Ray , cleaning and shaping was done with protaper next , and “ matching “ MAC
was placed with in the canal ,, the MAC was short 3 -4 mm from the apex , what to do?
A. insert small file
B. use smaller MAC gutta percha
C. use EDTA

110. PA –xray ,, showing #46 seprated file “ looks 30 “04” rotary file “
A. And asking about the cause ?
B. something about ( gluide path )
C. greater taper
D. Over extended

111. We did Instrumentation up to size 90 ,, it is advisable to use ?

A. lateral
B. vertical
C. Thermafill
D. MTA plug

112. XRay showed #47 near to the IAN 3 h after RCT he developed numbness lower lip ,What’s
the cause?
A. over-Instrumentation
B. periapical lesion pressure
C. extrusion of NaOCl
D. stike needle Injury by LA in the Nerve

113. Video that explain how file brake what he test for?
A. flexibility
B. cyclic fateqe

114. X-Ray with lower molar with curved canal , what instrumentation is preferable?
A. crown down
B. step back

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C. step down
D. standrized tech.

115. lower premolar with severe curvature how to treat?

A. rotary
B. hand files
C. hybrid tech

116. RG with broken file after Curve ( same as cyclic fatigue ) what is the cause of mishap
A. Use of glide path
B. Use of sequential file
C. Use of GT files

117. Which file system is manufactured by plastic deformation:

A. TF_
B. Reciproc_
C. Endosequence_
D. Profile vortex

118. Which file is manufactured to be used in both continuous rotation and reciprocation:
A. TF adaptive
B. Reciproc_
C. Endosequence_
D. Wave one

119. What is the feature in file that is used for enhancing debris removal:
A. Neutral helical angle_
B. Positive helical angle_
C. Negative helical angle
D. Constant helical angle

120. Which is the property that is help in reducing the threading in of the file:
A. Neutral helical angle_
B. Positive helical angle_
C. Variable helical angle
D. Constant helical angle

121. File with 6% taper, size 20, what is the size in D4:
A. 0.44
B. 0.26
C. 0.32
D. 0.38

122. When preparing canal with ProTaper universal system, you create glide path with:

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A. Size 20 k file_, because sx is 0.25 mm sx tip size 19mm

B. SX because it is from the same system_
C. Start with S2, cuz we have to do crown-down
D. Start with S1, to the full working length

123. Its recommended when rotary file reach working length withdrawn immediately to prevent
:!
1. transportation !
2. apical perforation !
3. separation!

Instrument fractures remain a concern, as does the tendency of continuously rotating instruments to thread or pull
into the canal, specifically as working length is approached.

124. Among NiTi ,all are true except :

A. By increasing the diameter, the force required to fracture file is increased
B. There is a consensus between endodontist in regard to the number clinical instrument uses
C. They are liable to fracture even in new file before use
D. They might fracture at a level of 0.5-1.5 mm and cannot be seen in the canal.

125. To prevent or minimize instrument fracture:

A. Establish guide path
B. Use instrument in constant rpm in controlled torque device

126. Micro-openners are:

A. H-type files of 4% & 6% (Micro-debriders)
B. H-type files of 6% & 8%
C. K-type files of 4% & 6%
D. K-type files of 6% & 8%

127. Which one have variable radial land:

A. Protaper
B. Twisted file
C. Race
D. GT x

128. Which one have surface oxidation layer :

A. Protaper
B. Race
C. Profile

129. Which one have asymmetric cross section:

A. Profile
B. Protaper next
C. Twisted file
D. Revo S ,one shape files

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130. More flexible file is: (I cannot remember Q)

A. FlexMaster
B. Hero 642
C. K3
D. RaCe

Experimentally the relationship between cross-sectional area and flexibility by comparing five
popular brands of rotary NiTi instruments (FlexMaster, Hero 642, K3, ProFile, and RaCe). They
reported that the ProFile and RaCe instruments were most flexible. (Schäfer et al 2003)

131. More flexible file is: (I cannot remember Q)

A. FlexMaster
B. Hero 642
C. Twisted file (R phase)
D. Protaper next (m wire )

132. a question about sterilization of instruments which was recommended by an Joint

AAE/CAE Special Committee on Single Use Endodontic Instrumentsa)
A. single use of all the instrument
B. does not deem it necessary to recommend that all endodontic hand and rotary files and reamers be
designated as single use items at this time

133. Crystal shape in the R-Phase:

A. Cube Austinite
B. Hexagonal martinsite
C. Rhomboidal

134. Cross section of the wave one is :

A. modified convex triangular cross-section at the tip
B. modified convex triangular cross section along the file
C. triangle

135. Rotary NiTi instr. With U shape cross section

A. profile
B. K3
C. hero
D. flex master

136. witch of the follwing doesn’t have .04 .06 taper

A. light speed
B. power k

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C. k3

137. Which is more flexible compared to corresponding size :

A. a. K-file
B. b. H-file
C. c. barbed broach
D. d. K- reamer

138. Protaper system have :

a- Variable taper along its working part

139. Definition of Helix angle

A. The angle between the cutting edge with the long axis of the file

140. in severely curved canal , which wave one file should be used : !
A. 21/.06 small!

B.

141. which file has true asymmetrical CS:

A- protaper next rectangular
B- Revo s
C- hero as H file
D- profile U shape

142. regarding AAE/CAE recommendations on single use end instrument reuse should include
all except:
A- use disinfection and sterilze property
B- all files should be inspected for any defect
C- strive for the patient care
D- all endo files should be for single use

143. According to the AAE meeting regarding to NiTi:

A- File should not be designed for single use
B- Files should be designed for single use
C- To re use the file , it should be carefully examined
D- Operator skills is most important factors

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144. Modulus of elasticity for NiTi Vs St.St.

A- Similar to st st
B- 1\4 - 1/5 that of st st.
C- 112 that of st st
D- 2-3X

145. The least common cause of Instrument Separation:

A- limited flexibility
B- manufactural defects
C- frequent uses.
D- High manipulation force.

146. The following diagram is taken from Yum et al report of performance of different rotary
files. The area underneath the curve represents:

A. toughness
B. elasticity
C. plasticity
D. Range of deformation

147. Among the terminologies for the physical properties, elastic deformation means:
A. The amount of deformation a file undergoes
B. Permanent bond displacement, which occurs when the elastic limit is exceeded
C. The point at which a deformed file breaks
D. The reversible deformation that doesn't exceed the elastic limit

148. Which of the following statements better describes the NiTi instruments torsional fracture?
A. Occurs when an instrument is bound & released by canal curvatures & irregularities
B. Occurs when the cyclic load leads to metal fatigue
C. Occurs when the instrument tip is locked in the canal while the instrument is still rotating
D. Working instrument with high torque is the principle cause of this type of fracture

149. In Niti alloys stress/strain curve the strain remains the same as the application of additional
stress reaches a specific level this is called:

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A. Loading platue
B. Maximum stress concentration
C. Stress recovery
D. Yield point (elastic limit)

150. Rotary Niti designed based on

A. Cross section
B. Variability of helix angel
C. Taper and file tip
D. All of the above

151. RNT released

A. Early 1990
B. Late 1990

152. Cross section pro taper : triangle convex

153. Cross section pro taper next : Eccentric rectangular cross section
154. Tip size pro taper s1 : 18.5
155. Revo s cross section :asymertical
156. Cutting edge pro taper & protaper next :
157. File with 0.06 taper at D16 the total percent taper increase : 43%-66%-88%-96%
158. 1st and only one that not follow sequence order

159. 8% taper means

A. The files increase 8 times by size
B. From tip to coronal part 8% (0.08) increase in width

160. Reciprocation and single use file:

A. reciproc
B. One Shape

161. 3 Variable cross section in its blade:

A. wave one
B. one shape

162. Not NiTiol phase:

A. R-phase
B. Austenite
C. martensite
D. ferret phase

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163. all are true about Marginal width = radial land on NiTi, except: (I can’t remember the
choices v well)
A. has positive & negative rake angles
B. can be constant or variable
C. can be full or recessed
D. project axially from the central axis to the cutting edges between flute

164. Electropolished file:

A. bioRace
B. TF
C. Protaper next
D. Waveone

165. Wrong about Nitinol:

A. shape memory & superelastic
B. exotic metal doesn’t follow normal rule of other metals
C. modulus od elasticity of martensite is 30-83 G pa and austinite 21-41 G pa it should be the reverse
D. equal atomic ration of nickel and titanium

166. Deformity of niti :

A. stress
B. strain
C. elastic limit
D. plastic limit

167. Canal cleaner file:

A. Proglider used to expand the secured glide path for subsequent NiTi
B. Profinder glide path
C. Xp file considered finishing and agitate irrigation 2 types shaper and finisher
D. C+ file glide path

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Access cavity

168. While de-roofing of irreversible pulpitis pulp tissue haemorrhage can impair vision, what is
the irrigant of choice:

NaOCL.

169. The accurate radiograph to assess mesio-distal extension of the pulp chamber is:

Bitewing.

170. Regarding the position of canal orifices in access cavity of posterior teeth:

All orifices should be positioned entirely on the floor not extending into the axial wall.

171. Developmental grooves and dense invaginitus more common in:

Maxillay lateral incisor.

172. Mesiopalatal canal also known as MB2 is located:

Palatal and mesial to MB orifice.

173. Most important to avoid missing the lingual canal is:

Removing lingual shoulder.

174. C-shaped canal mostly found in:

Mandibular second molar.

175. ALLODYNIA:
Pain resulting from a non-noxious stimulus to normal
skin or mucosa

176. KUTTLER diameter with age (increase) with aging, diameter of AF:
a. increase AF in old and decrease in young
b. decrease AF in old and increase in young

177. length from Apical Construction to Apical Foramen:

(O.5 in YOUNG and O.8 in OLD)

178. Dummer MULTIBLE AC type C :

difficult to identify on RG

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179. 6-Lara 2002 palatal groove common in the lateral incisor in which tooth surface:
A. DP or DL
B. DB
C. MB
D. MP

180. 8-Toms root ( ‫ اھم حاجه تعرف انو ھذا الشي صفة تطلق على‬palatogingival groove
‫)وممكن يجي في لور بريملور او ابر التیرل انسايسر‬.
A. c shaped
B. palatogingival groove
C. taurodontism

181. if you encountered calcification at the orifice, what is the best to do

a. Use ultrasonic tips trough the grooves

182. the landmarks of apical anatomy used in endo:

A. DEJ, apical foramen, apical constriction
B. canal orifice, apical foramen, DEJ
C. CDJ, apical foramen, apical constriction

183. To locate calcified canal during access opening:

A. Put the Bur inside the access and take radiographic x-ray.
B. Use the fiber optic light.
184. spreaders are single ended tapered instrument , and they may be used to locate canal orifice
during access cavity :
A. both are T
B. b.1st T 2nd F
C. 1st F 2nd T
D. both are F

185. Objective of access cavity → unimpeded straight line access

186. Pic of file inside the canal →improper access cavity

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Updated 2020

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Updated 2020

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Updated 2020

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Updated 2020

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