This Study Resource Was: Database Programming With PL/SQL 8-1: Practice Activities

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Database Programming with PL/SQL

8-1: Creating Procedures Practice
Activities
Vocabulary
Identify the vocabulary word for each definition below:
Subprograms Named PL/SQL blocks that are compiled and stored in the
database.
IS | AS Indicates the DECLARE section of a subprogram.
m
er as
Anonymous Blocks Unnamed executable PL/SQL blocks that cannot be reused or
co
eH w
stored in the database for later use.
o.
Procedures Named PL/SQL blocks that can accept parameters and are
rs e compiled and stored in the database.
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Try It / Solve It
o
1. What is the difference between the following two pieces of code?

aC s
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CODE SAMPLE A
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ar stu
DECLARE
v_empid employees.employee_id%TYPE := 100;
is
v_percent_increase NUMBER(2,2) := .05;

BEGIN
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UPDATE employees
SET salary = (salary * v_percent_increase) + salary
sh
WHERE employee_id = v_empid;

END;
CODE SAMPLE B
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2
CREATE PROCEDURE pay_raise

(p_empid employees employee_id%TYPE,
p_percent_increase NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = (salary * p_percent_increase) + salary
WHERE employee_id = p_empid;
END pay_raise;
m
er as
One of them is a stored procedure and the other is an anonymous block, the stored procedure can be
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called at anytime by using BEGIN and END, while the anonymous block can only be used as it is
created.
o.
rs e
2. In your own words, list the benefits of subprograms.
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They can be used whenever, have names, only need to be created once, can take parameters, and
they are stored in the database.
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3. In your own words, describe a stored procedure.

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A stored procedure is a named PL/SQL block that can accept parameters and is stored in the
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database as a schema object, allowing it to be called whenever it is needed and by whoever or

whatever needs it. The stored procedure an amazing tool to eliminate redundant data.
4. The remaining questions in this practice use a copy of the employees table. Create the copy by
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executing the following SQL statement:

ar stu
CREATE TABLE employees_dup AS SELECT * from employees;

is
Th
A. Use the code below to create a procedure in Application Express. Save the definition of your
procedure in case you need to modify it later. In the “Save SQL” popup, name your saved work “My
sh
name change procedure.”
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE name_change IS

BEGIN
UPDATE employees_dup
respective owners.
3
SET first_name = 'Susan'

WHERE department_id = 80;
END name_change;
B. Execute the procedure by running the following anonymous block:
BEGIN
name_change;
END;
C. SELECT from the table to check that the procedure has executed correctly and performed the
UPDATE.
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er as
SELECT *
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FROM employees_dup
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WHERE department_id = 80;
o.
rs e
5. Create a second procedure named pay_raise which changes the salary of all employees in
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employees_dup to a new value of 30000. Execute the procedure from an anonymous block, then
SELECT from the table to check that the procedure has executed correctly.
CREATE PROCEDURE pay_raise IS
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BEGIN
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UPDATE employees_dup
SET salary = 30000;
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END pay_raise;
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BEGIN
is
pay_raise;
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END;
SELECT *
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FROM employees_dup;
6. Retrieve your first name_change procedure by clicking on its name in the Saved SQL window. Modify
the code to remove OR REPLACE from the CREATE statement, and introduce a deliberate error into
respective owners.
4
the code, for example by misspelling a keyword: UPDAT employees_dup. Execute your code to
recreate the procedure. What happens?
CREATE PROCEDURE pay_raise IS
BEGIN
UPDAT employees_dup
SET salary = 30000;
END pay_raise;
BEGIN
pay_raise;
END;
m
er as
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SELECT *
eH w
FROM employees_dup;
o.
rs e
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It raises an error when executing the code.
7. Now correct the procedure code by reinserting the OR REPLACE clause and correcting your
o
deliberate spelling error. Execute your code to recreate the procedure. Now what happens?
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It works exactly as it did before hand and fully executed.
8. Create, save, and execute a procedure which updates the salary of employees in
employees_dup according to the following rules:
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ar stu
- if the employee is in department 80, the new salary = 1000

- if the employee is in department 50, the new salary = 2000
- if the employee is in any other department, the new salary = 3000.
is
Th
You will need to include three UPDATE statements, one for each of the above rules. In a later
lesson you will learn how to avoid this. Execute your procedure from an anonymous block and
verify that the updates have been performed correctly.
sh
respective owners.
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Database Programming with PL/SQL

IS | AS Indicates the DECLARE section of a subprogram.

1. What is the difference between the following two pieces of code?

v_percent_increase NUMBER(2,2) := .05;

WHERE employee_id = v_empid;

CREATE PROCEDURE pay_raise

3. In your own words, describe a stored procedure.

database as a schema object, allowing it to be called whenever it is needed and by whoever or

executing the following SQL statement:

CREATE TABLE employees_dup AS SELECT * from employees;

name change procedure.”

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE name_change IS

SET first_name = 'Susan'

B. Execute the procedure by running the following anonymous block:

It works exactly as it did before hand and fully executed.

- if the employee is in department 80, the new salary = 1000

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