CHARLES’S LAW

for SCIENCE Grade 10

Quarter 4/ Week 2

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 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit serves as an alternative learning material that discusses

how kinetic molecular theory explains the relationship between temperature and
volume at constant pressure of a gas.

This Self- Learning Kit is divided into three essential parts.

A. What Happened This is the part that they will do activities they have not
yet done that will lead them to fully understand the competency.

B. What I Need to Know Part of Self-Learning Kit which learning competency

is explained.

C. What I Have Learned This is the part of Self-Learning Kit that determines the
level of learner’s understanding of the competency.

Learners are expected to nurture their skills and use their learnings in everyday
lives.

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 Objectives:
K. State Charles’s Law.
S. Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature at
constant pressure.
A. Recognize the importance of Charles’s Law to real life situations.

LEARNING COMPETENCY: S9MT -IIj -20

Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature at
constant pressure of gas.

I. WHAT HAPPENED
Pre-Assessment
A. Directions: Complete the information for the volume and temperature of a gas
when the pressure is kept constant. Write your answer in your notebook.
Volume Temperature
1. ______________ decreases
2. increases ______________

B. Directions: Solve the problems below and write your answer in your notebook.

1. A sample of neon gas at 760 mm Hg has a volume of 12.0 L and a

temperature of 44ºC. Find the new volume of the gas after the temperature has
been increased to 85ºC at 760 torr.

2. A sample of gas occupies 368 mL at 27ºC and 600 mm Hg. What will
be the volume of that gas at 127ºC and 600 mm Hg?

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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
KMT on Charles’s Law
Kinetic molecular theory states that the kinetic energy of gas molecules
varies directly with the temperature. As the temperature increases, the molecules
move faster. If the volume is fixed, the molecules would be colliding more times
with a unit area of the wall. This would then increase the gas pressure. To maintain
the pressure constant (the same number of collisions per unit area of the wall per
unit time), when temperature is increased, the volume of the gas has to increase.
When the volume increases, the distance traveled by a gas molecule before it
hits again a particular area of the wall is increased. Thus, the increase number of
collisions is distributed over a larger surface area. The number of collisions per unit
area per unit time is maintained or is constant. Source: Phoenix Science Series
Chemistry
Estrella E. Mendoza

Charles’s Law: Volume and Temperature

To study the effect of changing temperature on the volume of a gas, the
pressure or the amount of the gas must remain the same. The kinetic theory
shows that when the temperature is increased, the kinetic energy of the gas will
also increase. To keep the pressure constant, the volume of the container must
increase.

Source: t.ly/DTqh

The Kelvin temperature of a gas is directly related to the volume of the gas when there is no change in
pressure or amount.

Charles’s Law states that the Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas
are directly related when there is no change in pressure or amount of gas. To
convert temperature from degrees Celsius to Kelvin, you add 273.

Jacques Charles discovered the

direct relationship between volume and
temperature at constant pressure.

Source: t.ly/ILa2

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 A direct relationship is one in which the related properties increase or
decrease together. For two different conditions, the ratio of volume V to
temperature T is constant as long as pressure P and number of moles n do not
change.
Charles’s law may be stated mathematically as

V1 V2
=
T1 T2

Table below shows the units used in measuring temperature and volume.
Units for Measuring Volume
Unit Symbol
Milliliter mL
Cubic centimeter cm3
liter L (or 1,000 mL)

Units for measuring Volume

Unit Symbol
Celsius °C
Kelvin K

Note: To convert Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K), you add 273.

Ex. 20°C to K
20°C + 273 = 293K

Sample Problem
A neon gas at 760 mm Hg has a volume of 12.0 L and a temperature of
44°C. Find the new volume of the gas after the temperature has been increased
to 85°C at 760 torr.

Solution:
Step 1: Since the temperatures are given in degrees Celsius, you must first
change them into Kelvin.
T1 = 44°C + 273 = 317 K
T2 = 85°C + 273 = 358 K
Step 2: Placing the information for the gas in table gives the following:
Initial Condition Final Condition Change
T1 = 317 K T2 = 358 K T increases
V1 = 12.0 L V2 = ? V must increase
Source: Phoenix Science Series
Chemistry
Estrella E. Mendoza

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Step 3: According to the temperature-volume relationship
V1 V2
a. =
T1 T2

Then, cross multiply:

b. V1 V2
=
T1 T2
C. V1T2 = V2T1
V1T2
d. V2 =
T1

T2
V2 = V1 X
T1
358 K
V2 = 12.0 L X = 13.55 L
317 K

The final volume of 13.6 L is larger compared to the initial volume of 12.0 L
as the temperature increases.

ACTIVITY
Directions: Solve the problem below and write your answer in your
notebook.
A sample of gas occupies 400 mL at 30°C and 600 mm Hg. What will be
the volume of that gas at 135°C at constant pressure?

Charles’s Law Application

A direct application of Charles’s law can be seen in such equipment as an
incubator. When air comes into contact with the heating element, it expands and
becomes lighter. This lighter air rises, causing the circulation of warm air
throughout the incubator.

Source: is.gd/9I75ap
Incubator

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Directions: Write the letter that corresponds to your answer in your
notebook.

1. Imagine that a gas occupies a volume of 2.0 L at a temperature of 27°C.

To what temperature in Kelvin scale must the gas be cooled to reduce its
volume to 1.5L if the pressure is held constant?
a. 225K b. 325K c. 300K d. 250K

2. Imagine that you are skiing on a beautiful, clear day with a temperature
outside of -3°C. The cold air that you breathe is warmed to a body
temperature of 37°C as it travels to your lungs. If you inhale 425 mL of air
at -3°C, what volume does it occupy in your lungs? (Assume that the
pressure is constant.)
a. 588.96 mL b. 599.96 mL c. 487.96 mL d. 432.96 mL

3. According to Charles’s Law, what will happen to the temperature of a

gas as the volume increases at constant pressure?
a. Decreases
b. Increases
c. Remains constant
d. Slightly decreases

4. Which of the items below is an application of Charles’s law.

a. Incubator
b. Syringe
c. Medical respirator
d. Automobile engine

5. What property of gas molecule varies directly according to the kinetic

molecular theory?
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
c. Volume
d. Volume and pressure

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.

Writer

SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.

LEONREY L. VAILOCES
Illustrators/Lay-out Artists
_________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
VERONICA A. RECTO
BETA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
VERONICA A. RECTO

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS
This self-learning kit aims to explain in a simple manner the relationship of
temperature and volume at constant pressure.
Learners are expected to understand the relationship between volume and
temperature, solve related problems, and recognize its importance to our daily
living.

About the Author and Lay-out Artist

Our author is SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR. He’s a
Master Teacher I of Demetrio L. Alviola National High
School and currently the District Science Coordinator of
Bindoy II District.

a 5.
A 4.
B 3.
C 2.
A. 1.

Post-test

Answer. 538.61 mL
Activity
2. 490.67 mL
1. 13.55 L
B.
2. Increases
1. Decreases
A.

Pre-assessment
Answer Key