RMS Assignment-2 Jahanzeb 30469

ASSIGNMENT:
RESEARCH METHOD
ASSIGNMENT # 2
SUBMITTED BY:
JAHANZEB KHAN (30469)
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR RAJA MUHAMMAD WAQAS
As an academic researcher, I will follow these steps, firstly identify the
problem then create a theoretical framework for the identified problem
solution.
Identification of the Problem:
The first and foremost task in the entire process of scientific research is to
identify a research problem. A well-identified problem will lead the researcher
to accomplish all-important phases of the research process, starting from
setting objectives to the selection of the research methodology. Researchable
problems are those who have a possibility of thorough verification
investigation, which can be effected through the analysis and collection of
data. Theoretical and practical considerations also play a vital role in choosing
a research problem. Societal needs also guide to choose a research problem.
Once we have chosen a research problem, a few more related steps are
required to be followed before a decision is taken to undertake a research
study. These includes the following steps:
 Statement of the problem.

 Justify the problem.
 Analyzing the problem.
Statement of the Problem:
A well-defined statement of the problem will lead the researcher to formulate

the research objectives, to understand the background of the study, and to
choose a proper research methodology.
Justifying the Problem:

Once the problem situation has been identified and clearly stated, it is
important to justify the importance of the problem. In justifying the problems,
we ask such questions as to why the problem of the study is important, how
large the problem is, can others be convinced about the importance of the
problem and the like.
Analyzing the Problem:
As a first step of analyzing the problem, critical attention should be given to

accommodate the viewpoints of the managers, users, and the researchers to
the problem through threadbare discussions.
Reviewing of Literature:
A review of relevant literature is an integral part of the research process. It

enables the researcher to formulate his problem in terms of the specific
aspects of the general area of his interest that has not been so far researched.
Setting Research Questions, Objectives, and Hypotheses:
After discovering and defining the research problem, researchers should make
a formal statement of the problem leading to research objectives.
An objective will precisely say what should be researched, to delineate the
type of information that should be collected, and provide a framework for the
scope of the study. The best expression of a research objective is a well-
formulated, testable research hypothesis.
Choosing the Study Design:

The research design is the blueprint or framework for fulfilling objectives and
answering research questions. It is a master plan specifying the methods and
procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the collected data. There
are four basic research designs that a researcher can use to conduct his or her
study;
1. survey,
2. experiment,
3. secondary data study, and
4. Observational study.
The type of research design to be chosen from among the above four designs
depends primarily on four factors:
 The type of problem

 The objectives of the study,
 The existing state of knowledge about the problem that is being
studied, and
 The resources are available for the study.
Deciding on the Sample Design:
Sampling is an important and separate step in the research process. The basic
idea of sampling is that it involves any procedure that uses a relatively small
number of items or portions (called a sample ) of a universe (called
population) to conclude the whole population. Sample Design refers to the
methods to be followed in selecting a sample from the population and the
estimating technique.
Collecting Data:
The gathering of data may range from simple observation to a large-scale
survey in any defined population. There are many ways to collect data. With
the variation in the type of data (qualitative or quantitative) to be collected,
the method of data collection also varies. The most common means for
collecting quantitative data is the structured interview. Studies that obtain
data by interviewing respondents are called surveys. Data can also be
collected by using self-administered questionnaires. Telephone interviewing is
another way in which data may be collected. Other means of data collection
include the use of secondary sources, such as the census, vital registration
records, official documents, previous surveys, etc. Qualitative data are
collected mainly through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and
observational studies.
Processing and Analyzing Data:
Data processing generally begins with the editing and coding of data. Data are
edited to ensure consistency across respondents and to locate omissions, if
any. In survey data, editing reduces errors in the recording, improves legibility,
and clarifies unclear and inappropriate responses. In addition to editing, the
data also need coding. This coding process facilitates processing the data. The
personal computer offers an excellent opportunity in data editing and coding
processes. Data analysis usually involves reducing accumulated data to a
manageable size, developing summaries, searching for patterns, and applying
statistical techniques for understanding and interpreting the findings in the
light of the research questions.
Developing Research Proposal:

A research proposal is a work plan, prospectus, outline, an offer, a statement
of intent or commitment from an individual researcher or an organization to
produce a product or render a service to a potential client or sponsor. The
proposal will be prepared to keep in view the sequence presented in the
research process. The proposal tells us what, how, where, and to whom it will
be done.

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ASSIGNMENT:

Identification of the Problem:

 Statement of the problem.

Statement of the Problem:

A well-defined statement of the problem will lead the researcher to formulate

Justifying the Problem:

Analyzing the Problem:

As a first step of analyzing the problem, critical attention should be given to

A review of relevant literature is an integral part of the research process. It

Setting Research Questions, Objectives, and Hypotheses:

Choosing the Study Design:

 The type of problem

Deciding on the Sample Design:

Processing and Analyzing Data:

Developing Research Proposal:

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