MC Research Module 3

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

LIBON COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Libon, Albay
Course Code and Name: MC RESEARCH 19

Course Credit: 3 units, 3hrs/week (18 weeks, 54 hours)
Title: UNDERSTANDING DATA AND WAYS TO SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECT IT

Learning Outcomes:
After reading the module, you are expected to have the ability to:
1. Choose appropriate research design;
2. Describe sampling procedure and the sample;
3. Construct instrument and establish its validity and reliability;
4. Plan data collection procedure;
5. Plan data analysis using statistics and hypothesis (if appropriate).
Research Design
Research designs are the specific procedures involved in the research process:
sampling, data collection, and data analysis.
TRUE EXPERIMENTAL CRITERIA:

 The researcher has control over the independent variables, as well as the
treatment of the subjects
 There must be one experimental group and one comparison or control group
 The subjects are randomly assigned either to the comparison or experimental
group
If any one of the criteria is not present, then it is not true experimental research
design.
Instructor: NEDIE B. SEVILLA e-mail: nedie.sevilla1026@gmail.com FB account: Square Root MC RESEARCH-3

After this module you are expected to have chosen your content AR adviser. Your AR adviser should be
someone who has conducted Action Research to your field of expertise. We need to have some Google
Meeting for the timeline of your research and other matters.
Libon, Albay
LET’S HAVE STUDY THIS EXAMPLE AND TRY TO IDENTIFY THE RESEARCH DESIGN APPLICABLE
IN THE STUDY.
SHS Students’ Social Media Use and Their Attention Span in Class
Specifically, this study shall seek answers to the following questions:
1. What is the level of social media usage of Grade 12 students of Buga National
High School in terms of:
a. forms of social media?
b. frequency of social media use?
c. mode of social media use?
2. What is the attention span in class of Grade 12 students of Buga National High
School?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the frequency of social media use and
the attention span of Grade 12 students of Buga NHS?
Activity 1. Writing this section

Libon, Albay
THE SAMPLE
The first step leading to the process of collecting quantitative data is to identify the
people and places you plan to study.
This involves determining which group of people will you study, who, specifically, these
people are, and how many of them you will need to involve.
Identifying the representative group that will take part in the study is an important aspect
of the research that you need to specify.
 description of the subjects, number, and grade level (for students), naming
school and its location, unless with confidentiality conditions. Otherwise, only
location, type, and size of school are stated;
 number of classes, class size, and number of teachers are indicated;
 how students and teachers are selected (sampling procedure) is described.
 After data collection, put actual sample: sample size, distribution of subjects by
sex and average age.
 If applicable, describe relevant characteristics of teachers like sex, teaching
experience, educational attainment, and related training.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
There are two types of sampling techniques: probability and non – probability
sampling technique.
1. Probability Sampling Technique

If all of the respondents or subjects are given equal chances to be selected as
sample, then it is probability sampling technique. There are no biases or
prejudices on the part of the researcher/s in selecting samples of the study.
2. Non – probability Sampling Technique

If not all of the target population is given an equal opportunity to be selected as
respondents/ subjects of the study, then, it is non – probability sampling
technique. There are biases or prejudices on the selection of the sample.
Each type of sampling are graphically explained below. These the most commonly used
sampling techniques.

Libon, Albay

Libon, Albay
BASED ON THE SAMPLE STUDY PRESENTED ABOVE, HERE IS RESPONDENTS OF THE

STUDY, USING THE APPROPRIATE SAMPLING TECHNIQUE.
The target population of the study are the senior high school students during the second
term of the academic year, 2017-2018 of Buga National High School, Libon, Albay.
These students belong to three different strands of the SHS program, namely:
Accountancy and Business Management (ABM); Humanities and Social Sciences
(HUMSS); Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).
With a population size of 500, the researchers will consider a sample of 223
respondents determined using Slovin’s formula for computing sample size with a five
percent margin of error. These samples shall be randomly selected through stratified
random sampling with the SHS strands being used to define groups and SPSS to
randomly determine the samples.
Activity 2. Search on this

What other formula are readily available in order to determine the number of sample
size for a given population? Cite the formula and give example.
Activity 3. THINK OF THIS
A researcher wants to conduct a practical research in order to determine the

effectiveness of peer counseling on the decreasing the truancy of his classmates. Of his
56 classmates, he has selected 20 whose residences are within a kilometer’s radius
from the school.
1. What sampling technique did the researcher use?

2. Do you agree on the strategy he has employed?
THE INSTRUMENT The Key to Finding the Answers

Libon, Albay
CRITERIA for CHOOSING a GOOD INSTRUMENT

 Is it recent?
 Is it widely cited? Are reviews available?
 Is it reliable?
 Is it valid?
 Does the procedure for recording data fit the research questions in your study?
 Does the instrument contain accepted scales of measurement?
Creswell, 2012
Activity 4. PLEASE REPEAT THE QUESTIONS. Identify what is wrong with the
question and try to write a new one.
Libon, Albay
1. Do you like cellphones?

2. Do you believe cellphones and laptops must be allowed for use inside the
classroom?
3. Do you consider a quadcore processor to be an important feature of a
cellphone?
4. Whenever the teacher is discussing in front of the class and a phone rings
right in the middle of it, it can be distracting. Do you find the ringing of a
phone distracting enough to take you out of your focus?
5. Agree or disagree: The school should not discontinue its ban of cellular
phones in class.
THE INTERVENTION
What treatment?
Clearly and completely describe how the intervention will be implemented, such
that the reader can replicate the intervention.
Describe what happens in comparison group.
1. How many groups are there? Describe the group(s). If there are two, state the
similarities and differences.
2. What will happen to each group in the experiment that you intend to do?
Discuss the procedure step-by-step.
3. Explain what each participant will do in each step. Also, describe how long
each of these steps will take.
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

Let Others Know step – by - step
1. Describe whose permission will be sought and what arrangements need to be
made to administer instruments.
2. After all permissions have been granted, discuss how the samples will be
contacted and explain the process of administering the questionnaires.
3. State how the questionnaires will be retrieved.
PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Putting Puzzle Pieces Together
This section indicates how the data will be analyzed and reported; it should
specify the qualitative and/or quantitative methods that will be used in
analyzing the data gathered for the research.
1. Describe analysis to be done for each research question, following sequence in
Statement of Problem.
2. State if tests of hypotheses will be done and for what purpose.
3. Add scoring system for instruments.
4. Avoid giving formulas or standard procedures for statistical tools.
Figure 6.2 shows how will the researchers choose the appropriate statistical tool
to be used in a study considering the variables of the study.

Libon, Albay
EVALUATION:
Talk with your group mates and be able to do the following in your chosen study.
1. Choose appropriate research design;
2. Describe sampling procedure and the sample;
3. Construct instrument and establish its validity and reliability;
4. Plan data collection procedure;
5. Plan data analysis using statistics and hypothesis (if appropriate).


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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Course Code and Name: MC RESEARCH 19

Title: UNDERSTANDING DATA AND WAYS TO SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECT IT

TRUE EXPERIMENTAL CRITERIA:

Instructor: NEDIE B. SEVILLA e-mail: nedie.sevilla1026@gmail.com FB account: Square Root MC RESEARCH-3

Activity 1. Writing this section

Instructor: NEDIE B. SEVILLA e-mail: nedie.sevilla1026@gmail.com FB account: Square Root MC RESEARCH-3

1. Probability Sampling Technique

2. Non – probability Sampling Technique

Instructor: NEDIE B. SEVILLA e-mail: nedie.sevilla1026@gmail.com FB account: Square Root MC RESEARCH-3

Instructor: NEDIE B. SEVILLA e-mail: nedie.sevilla1026@gmail.com FB account: Square Root MC RESEARCH-3

BASED ON THE SAMPLE STUDY PRESENTED ABOVE, HERE IS RESPONDENTS OF THE

Activity 2. Search on this

Activity 3. THINK OF THIS

A researcher wants to conduct a practical research in order to determine the

1. What sampling technique did the researcher use?

THE INSTRUMENT The Key to Finding the Answers

CRITERIA for CHOOSING a GOOD INSTRUMENT

1. Do you like cellphones?

Describe what happens in comparison group.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Instructor: NEDIE B. SEVILLA e-mail: nedie.sevilla1026@gmail.com FB account: Square Root MC RESEARCH-3

Instructor: NEDIE B. SEVILLA e-mail: nedie.sevilla1026@gmail.com FB account: Square Root MC RESEARCH-3

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