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 CBSE Class 11 Physics
NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Chapter 4
Motion in a Plane

Exercise

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS(TYPE - I)

4.1. The angle between

(a) 45o

(b) 90o

(c) -45o

(d) 180o

Ans. Option (b) is correct:

Explanation:

Given

=90o. Hence, verifies the option (b).

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4.2. Which one of the following statements is true?

(a) A scalar quantity is the one that is conserved in a process.

(b) A scalar quantity is the one that can never take negative values.
(c) A scalar quantity is the one that does not vary one point to another in space.
(d) A scalar quantity has the same value for observers with different orientations of the
axes.

Ans. option (d) is correct.

Explanation: A scalar quantity does not depend on direction so it does not change for
different orientation of axes. So this verifies the option (d).

4.3. Figure shows the orientation of two vectors and in the X-Y plane.

If

Which of the following is correct?

(a) a and p are positive while b and q are negative.

(b) a, p and b are positive while q is negative.

(c) a, q and b are positive while p is negative.

(d) a, b, p and q are all positive.

Ans. Option (b) is correct.

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Main concept used: Sign of a, b, p and q are the sign of their resolving components in the X-
Y direction.

Explanation: Components along X and Y axis of the vector are both + X and Y direction, so
a, b are positive.

Now if we resolve its X component is in +ve X direction but Y component will be in -ve Y
direction.

Hence, a, b and p are positive but q is negative. Verifies option (b).

4.4. The component of vector r along X-axis will have maximum value if:

(a) is along positive Y-axis.

(b)

(c) makes an angle of 45o with X-axis.

(d) is along negative Y-axis.

Ans. Option (b) is correct.

Main concept used: On resolving the vector, values of cos or sin is always less than
one, so components have a smaller value.

Explanation:

If makes an angle with x-axis, then components of along x-axis=

It will be maximum if max=1 =0o

Hence, given vector is along positive X-axis.

4.5. The horizontal range of a projectile fired at an angle of 15o is 50m. If it is fired with

the same at an angle of 450. its range will be:

(a) 60 m

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(b) 71 m

(c) 100 m

(d) 141 m

Ans. (c): projectile is fired at =150 , R=50 m

u2 = 100g

Now =450 ,u2= 100g

R =100 m

So, this verifies option (c).

4.6. Consider the quantities, pressure, power, energy impulse, gravitational potential,
electric charge, temperature, area. Out of these, the only vector quantities are:

(a) Impulse, pressure and area

(b) Impulse and area

(c) Area and gravitational constant

(d) Impulse and pressure

Ans. Option(b) is correct.

Explanation:

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Impulse is vector quantity:

= dp (change in momentum, which is a vector quantity)

So Impulse is also a vector quantity.

Area is vector Quantity:

When current or a charge flowing through a path its area of the path is also a vector
quantity, The direction of which is perpendicular to its base and it can be find out by Right-
hand thumb rule.

Hence,this verifies the option(b).

4.7. In a two dimensional motion, instantaneous speed v0 is positive, constant. Then

which of the following are necessarily true?

(a) The average velocity is not zero at any time.

(b) Average acceleration must always vanish.

(c) Displacements in equal time intervals are equal.

(d) Equal path lengths are traversed in equal intervals.

Ans. Option(d) is correct.

Explanation: In the two-dimensional motion, If instantaneous speed is constant then equal

path lengths are traversed in equal intervals of time because speed is a scalar quantity.

4.8. In a two-dimensional motion, instantaneous speed v0 is positive and constant. Then

which of the following are necessarily true?

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(a) The acceleration of a particle is zero.

(b) The acceleration of the particle is bounded.

(c) The acceleration of the particle is necessarily in the plane of motion.

(d) The particle must be undergoing a uniform circular motion.

Ans. Option (c) is correct.

Explanation: We know that change in acceleration and velocity is in the direction of Force
(F) by = and change in velocity is zero so acceleration will also be zero and will be in
the same planes as that of velocity.

4.9. Three vectors and add up to zero. Find which is false.

(a) ( is not zero unless are parallel.

(b) is not zero unless are parallel.

(c) If define a place, is in that plane.

(d)

Ans. Option (a,c) is correct.

Explanation:

So are in a plane and can be represented by the three sides of a triangle taken

in order.

(a)

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 …(i)

Or

It cannot be zero

will be zero if are parallel or antiparallel.

i.e,

Hence, option (a) is verified.

(b) [from (i)]

If

So option (b) is not verified.

(c)

The direction of x is perpendicular to both planes containing A and B.

The direction of is perpendicular to the plane of which again become in the

plane of but perpendicular to the plane of Hence, option (c) is also

verified.

(d) given

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It shows that angle between

Does not verified option (d).

4.10. It is found that this necessarily implies

(a)

(b) are anti-parallel

(c) are perpendicular

(d)

Ans. Option(a) is correct.

Explanation:

verifies option (a).

Or

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(b) If A and B are antiparallel then =180o

Cos 180o =

Or A and B are antiparallel provided so, it does not verify answer (b) for all

condition.
(c) If are perpendicular then

Cos900=

are perpendicular if .

But it is not mentioned in the given condition.

So, It does not verify the option (c).

(d)

are +ve always cos is +ve from 00 but between 900 to 1800 cos is negative

does not true always.

So, It does not verify the option (d)
Hence the only correct option is (a).

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 MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS-II

4.11. Two particles are projected in air with speed v0 at angles and (both acute) to

the horizontal, respectively. If the height reached by the first particle is greater than of
the second, then tick the right choices

(a) angle of projection:

(b) time of flight: T1>T2

(C) horizontal range: R​1​>R2

(d) total energy: U1<U2

Ans. Option (a, b) is correct.

Explanation:

Maximum height H of projectile H=

From here H

For Projectile 1,

For Projectile 2,

u1 = vo u2 = v0

(a) H1 > H2 (Given)

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Thus either

Or

1 and

00 to 900 i.e., acute as given …(i)

So option (a) is correct.

(b) we know time of flight:

As

So, Option (b) is also correct.

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(c) we know that range,

R1 is the range of the first particle. R2 is the range of the second particle.

As

But if ,then R1 =R 2

Hence option (c) is incorrect.

(d) we know that total energy(U)=P.E+K.E

For particle 1,

For particle 2,

if m1 =m2=m & as H1 > H2

We know at the highest point the total energy is equal to the P.E.

PE1 > PE2 or U1 > U2

So it does not verify option (d).

Hence Option(a,b) is correct.

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4.12. A particle slides down a frictionless parabolic (y = x2) track (A – B – C) starting
from rest at point A as in figure. Point B is at the vertex of parabola and point C is at a
height less than that of point A. After c, the particle moves freely in air as a projectile.
If the particle reaches highest point at P, then

(a) KE at p= KE at B

(b) height at p = height at A

(c) total energy at p= total energy at A

(d) time of travel from A to B =time of travel from B to P.

Ans.Option (c) is correct.

Main concept used: As path A, B, C is frictionless with air and plane, so total energy at any
point of journey remains same.

Explanation:

(i) For option (a): At P projectile is at its highest point so velocity at p is zero or KE =0 but at B,
it is at the lowest point where the KE is maximum i.e., so KE at B KE at P does not verify
option(a).

(ii) For option (b): At A vA = 0 (given)

So UA = PEA …(i)

P is again highest point but has only horizontal component of velocity. Vertical component of
velocity is zero.

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So UP = P.E P+K.EP …(ii)

As at P particle has PE and KE.

So PEp < PEA.

Hence, the height at P < height at A.

So, it does not verify the option (b).

(iii) For option (c): By the law of conservation of energy.

Total energy at P=Total energy at A

Verifies the option (c).

(iv) For option (d): As the path A to B > path B to P

Or height or A> height of p

Hence, time from A TO B> time from B to P.

As the time of flight is directly proportional to height.

So it does not verifies the option (d).

So only option (c) is correct.

4.13. Following are four different relations about displacement, velocity and
acceleration for the motion of a particle in general. Choose the incorrect one(s).

(a)

(b)

(c)

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(d)

Ans. option (a, c) is incorrect.

Explanation:

For option (a):

(i) If acceleration is uniform then

is correct only when acceleration is uniform, but it

not given.

So option (a) is verified that given relation is incorrect.

(ii) For option (b): Rate of change in displacement is velocity.

Or

is correct. So does not verified option (b).

(iii) For option (c): In given relation displacement is half of rate of change of velocity which is

not possible because dimensions in LHS is [M0L1T0] but in RHS. [M0L1T-2] which are not
equal. So relation is incorrect. So verifies option (c).

(iv) For option (d): Rate of change of velocity with time is called acceleration, so

is correct and does not verify option (d).

So, Option (a,c) is incorrect.

4.14. For a particle performing uniform circular motion, choose the correct
statement(s) from the following:

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(a) Magnitude of particle velocity (speed) remains constant.

(b) Particle velocity remains directed perpendicular to radius vector.

(c) Direction of acceleration keeps changing as particle moves.

(d) Angular momentum is constant in magnitude but direction keeps changing.

Ans. (a, b, c): (i) For option (a): In uniform circular motion speed is always constant, so
verified option(a).

(ii) For option (b): The direction of velocity is always tangentially and towards motion, if a
string breaks up the particle moves tangentially. So verifies the option (b).

(iii) For option (c): The direction of acceleration is always along the direction of force

applied by Newton’s IInd law of motion. The force is applied on the string to rotate the
particle in circular motion, hence the direction of acceleration is along the string towards the
center of circular path. As string is moving in circular plane with particle so the direction of
acceleration changes always and verifies the option (c).

(iv) For option (d): The angular momentum L=mvr( constant) as m, v and r does not change
in uniform circular motion. The direction of L is perpendicular to the plane containing the
vectors or by right hand thumb rule. So direction of L does not changes, so does
not verifies option (d).

4.15. For two vectors and , is always true when

(a)

(b)

(c) are parallel or antiparallel

(d) When either is zero.

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Ans. Option (b , d) is correct:

Explanation:

(squaring both sides)

So, It does not verify the option (a) and (c) and verifies the option (b) and (d).

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 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS

4.16. A cyclist starts from centre O of a circular park of radius 1 Km and moves along
the path OPRQO as shown in the figure. If he maintains the constant speed of 10ms-1,
what is his acceleration at point R in magnitude and direction?

Ans. The path of the cyclist at R is circular of constant radius 1 km with centre O and he is
moving with constant speed 10m/s. So his motion is uniform circular motion at R.

Hence, the R= 1000 m, v=10m/s

along RO.

4.17. A particle is projected in the air at some angle to the horizontal, moves along the
parabola as shown in the figure, where x and y indicate horizontal and vertical
directions respectively. Show in the diagram, direction of velocity and acceleration at
points A, B and C.

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Ans. The motion of projectile is always parabolic or its part. Its velocity at any point of its
path is always tangentially toward the direction of motion so velocities at points A, B and C
are tangentially shown,

The point B is at its maximum height of trajectory. So the vertical component of B v​y = 0 and

horizontal component is u cos .

As the direction of acceleration is always in the direction of the force acting on it. The
gravitational force is acting on the body hence the direction of acceleration is always
vertically downward equal to acceleration to gravity (g).

4.18. A ball is thrown from a rooftop at an angle of 45o above the horizontal. It hits the
ground a few seconds later. At what point during its motion, does the ball have

(a) greatest speed

(b) smallest speed

(c) greatest acceleration? Explain.

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Ans. A ball is projected from O at an angle of 450 with horizontal. From O to A body rises up,
height increases so its speed & hence KE (speed) decreases.From A to B it’s speed again
increases as its height decreases equal to its’s initial speed at O, because O and B are on the
same horizontal line.

From B to C, its height again decreases so its speed from B to C increases and become

maximum at C maximum. =u cos 450= m/s is always constant at any point.

Hence, (a) greatest speed of ball is at C as vy maximum and vx =

(b) the smallest speed will be at A where maximum height and the has the only

horizontal speed of constant value

(c) As the force acting on the ball is only due to gravitational force downward and is constant
so acceleration is also constant downward and always equal to ‘g’.

4.19. A football is kicked into the air vertically upwards. What is its (a) acceleration,
and (b) velocity at the highest point?

Ans. (a) As the motion of body is under gravity and no any external force acts on the body, so
the direction of force (gravitational). Hence, the direction of acceleration is always towards
the centre of earth i.e, downward.

(b) As the ball is thrown vertically upward so its component of horizontal velocity become
zero. At the highest point, the velocity of the body =0. Hence, net velocity of the body at the
highest point is zero.

4.20. and are three non-collinear, non-co-planar vectors. What can you say

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about direction of

Ans. The direction of the vector will be perpendicular to the plane containing by

vectors by Right-hand thumb or Right-hand grip rule (RHGR).

The direction of the vector will be perpendicular to and in a plane

containing and by Right-hand grip rule.

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 SHORT ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS

4.21. A boy travelling in an open car moving on a levelled road with constant speed
tosses a ball vertically up in the air and catches it back. Sketch the motion of the ball as
observed by a boy standing on the footpath. Give an explanation to support your
diagram.

Ans. v = vertical velocity of the ball given by the boy

u = velocity of the car which is equal to the horizontal velocity of the ball.

As the ball has both vertical and horizontal components of velocities it’s path will be
parabolic as observed by a person standing on the footpath.

Path of the ball as seen by the boy sitting in the same car will be only vertically up-down
under gravity and will catch up by the boy if car if moving with constant velocity.

4.22. A boy throws a ball in the air at 600 to the horizontal along a road with a speed of

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10 m/s (36 km/h). Another boy sitting in a passing by car observes the ball. Sketch the
motion of the ball as observed by the boy in the car, if the car has a speed of (18 km/h).
Give an explanation to support your diagram.

Ans. u =36km/h =

The speed of car in the direction of motion of ball = .

If the ball is thrown by a boy when the car just passes him, then the ball and car (boy) travel
(covers) equal horizontal distances as their horizontal speeds are same. But due to vertical
component

Of velocity, ball rises up and then come back.

The motion of ball by the boy sitting in the car will be simple vertically up-down motion.

4.23. In dealing with the motion of a projectile in the air, we ignore the effect of air
resistance on the motion. This gives trajectory as a parabola as you have studied. What
would the trajectory look like if air resistance is included? sketch such a trajectory and
explain why you have drawn it that way.

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Ans. When air resistance acts on projectile then its vertical and horizontal both velocity will
decrease due to air resistance. Hence its maximum height becomes smaller than when there

is no force of friction (resistance) of air. By formula

But time of flight for both will remain same as the body in case II (with air resistance)

h1 <h2 takes smaller time to rise.

4.24. A fighter plane is flying horizontally at an altitude of 1.5 km with speed 720 km/h.
At What angle of sight (w.r.t horizontal) when the target is seen, should the pilot drop
the bomb in order to attack the target?

Main concept used: u=720 km/h = m/s =200m/s

Ans.

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Let pilot drops the bomb t sec before the point Q vertically up the target T.

The horizontal velocity of the bomb will to equal to the velocity of the fighter plane, but
vertical component of it is zero. So in time t bomb must cover the vertical distance TQ as free
fall with initial velocity zero.

u = 0,H = 1.5 km =1500m,g =+ 10m/s2

Distance covered by plane or bomb PQ = ut

PQ = 200 m

42 '

4.25. (a) Earth can be thought of as a sphere of radius 6400 km. Any object (or a person)
is performing circular motion around the axis of the earth due to earth’s rotation
(period 1 day). What is the acceleration of object on the surface of earth (at equator)
towards its center? What is it at latitude ?How does these accelerations compare with

g=9.8 m/s2? (b) Earth also moves in circular orbit around sun once every year with an

orbital radius of 1.5 1011 m. What is the acceleration of earth (or any object on the
surface of the earth) towards the center of the sun? How does this acceleration

compare with g=9.8 m/s2.

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Ans. (a) When an object revolve in circular path of radius R with angular speed .then it’s

angular acceleration towards the center of path is

R = 6400000 m =6.4

T=24 3600 second.

Acceleration of the person on surface of earth towards center of earth

At equator latitude

which is much smaller than one.

(b) For the acceleration earth revolving around the sun.

T = seconds

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4.26. Given below in column I are the relations between vectors and in

column II are the orientations of in the X-Y plane. Match the relation in

column I to correct orientations is column II.

Column I Column II

(a)
(i)

(b) (ii)

(c) (iii)

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 (d) (iv)

Ans. Consider

(a) matches with figure (iv)

(b) match with the figure (iii)

(c) Or matches with figure (i)

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(d) matches with the figure (ii)

4.27. If =2 and =4, then match the relations in column I with the angle between
A and B is column II.

Column I Column II

(a) (i)

(b) (ii)

(c) (iii)

(d) (iv)

Ans. (a)

Option of (a) of column I matches with option (ii) in column II.

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Hence,

So option (b) of column I matches with option (i) of column II.

(c)

as in option (c) of column I

Hence, option (c) of column I matches with option (iv) of column II.

(d)

Hence, option (d) of column I matches with option (iii) of column II.

4.28. If and Then match the relations in column I with the angle

between A and B in column II.

Column I Column II

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 (b) (ii)

(c) (iii)

(d) (iv)

Ans. Given

(a) (given)

Hence, option (a) matches with option (iv).

(b) (given)

sin =1

Hence, option (b) of column I matches with option (iii) of column II.

(c) =4 (given)

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Hence, option (c) of column I matches with option (i) of column II.

(d) (given)

Sin

Hence, option (d) of column I matches with (ii) of column II.

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 LONG ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS

4.29. A hill is 500 m high. Supplies are to be sent across the hill using a canon that can
hurl packets at a speed of 125m/s over the hill. The canon is located at a distance of 800
m from the foot of the hill and can be moved on the ground at a speed of 2 m/s; so that
its distance from the hill can be adjusted. What is the shortest time in which a packet

can reach on the ground across the hill? Take g = 10 m/s2.

Ans.

Speed of packets = 125 m/s

Height of hill = 500 m

To cross the hill by packet the vertical components of the speed of packet (125 ms-1) must be
minimised so that it can attain a height of 500 m and the distance between Hill and Cannon
must be half the range of packet.

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Vertical motion of packet

0=100-10t

[Total time to reach the top of hill]

So the cannon must be at the range = horizontal distance in 10 sec

Hence, the distance between hill and canon = 750 m

So the distance to which canon must move toward the hill =800-750=50m

Time taken to move canon in 50 m =

Hence, the total time taken by packet from 800 m away from hill to reach other side

=25 s +10 s + 10 s = 45 seconds.

4.30. A gun can fire shells with maximum speed and the maximum horizontal range

that can be achieved is R= If a target farther away by distance (beyond R) has to

be hit with the same gun as shown in the figure here. Show that it could be achieved by

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raising the gun to a height at least h =

Hint: This problem can be approached in two different ways:

(i) Refer to the diagram: target T is at the horizontal distance and below the
point of projection y= -h.

(ii) From point P in the diagram: Projection at speed at an angle below horizontal

with height h and horizontal range .]

Ans.

The main concept used: This problem can be solved in two different ways:

The target is at horizontal distance and below the point of projection h metre
below i.e.,

(ii) The motion of projectile after point P to T: projection speed is at an angle i.e.,
below horizontal and vertical height covered it is (-h) and horizontal range

Solution:

…(i) that it is maximum range of projectile

The angle of projection

Let the gun is raised to a height h from the horizontal level of target T. So that the projectile
can hit the target T.

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Total range of projectile must be =

Horizontal component of velocity at A=

The motion of the projectile from P to T: As A and P are on the same level. So the magnitude
of velocity will be same at A and P.

But the direction of velocity will be below horizontal,

so horizontal velocity at P=

So vertical velocity at P =

…(ii)

Consider horizontal motion from A to T = distance cos

Substitute t in (ii)

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 .

4.31. A particle is projected in air at an angle to a surface which itself is inclined at

an angle to the horizontal as in figure

(a) Find an expression of range on the plane surface [distance on the plane from the
point of projection at which particle will hit the surface.]

(b) Time of flight.

(c) at Which range will be maximum.

[Hint: This problem can be solved in two different ways:

(i) Point P at which particle hits the plane can be seen as the intersection of its
trajectory (parabola) and straight line. Remember particle is projected at an angle
w.r.t. horizontal.

(ii) We can take x-direction along the plane and y-direction perpendicular to the plane.
In that case resolve g (acceleration due to gravity) in two different components,
gx along the plane and gy perpendicular to the plane. Now the problem can be solved as

two independent motions in x and y directions respectively with time as a common

parameter.]

Ans. Consider new Cartesian coordinates in which X-axis is along inclined plane OP and OY-

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axis perpendicular to it as shown in the figure. Consider the motion of the projectile from
OAP.

At O and P y = 0

We calculate Time Of Flight Part(b) before Part(a) :

(b) The motion of projectile along New OY axis.

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Either T = 0 or

Time of flight from O to P is

At T = 0 projectile is at O

and at T = it is at P.

(a) Consider motion along OX axis

, ,

{Range On the Plane Surface]

(b) Time of flight done before part (a).

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(c) For L will be maximum or maximum range along with new OX axis. From above relation
of L, it will be maximum when sin cos is maximum as is a constant angle of
inclination of the plane.so is constant

Consider Z = sin

For Z maximum

radian.

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4.32. A particle falling vertically from a height hits a plane surface inclined to
horizontal at an angle with speed and rebounds elastically as shown in the figure.

Find the distance along the plane where it will hit the second time.

[Hint: (i) After rebound, particle still has speed V0 to start.

(ii) Work out angle particle speed has with horizontal after it rebounds.

(iii) Rest is similar to if particle is projected up the incline.]

Ans. Particle rebounces from P so it will be an elastic collision. As it strikes plane inclined at
v0 speed so speed of particle after rebounces will be v0

Again consider the new axis X’OX and YOY’ axis at P as origin ‘O’. The components of g and
v0 in new OX and OY axis are:

, acting vertically downwards

Consider the motion of particle from O to A in new YOY’ axis.

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 t = T (time of flight)

This means either

T cannot be zero

Now consider the motion along OX axis.

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 .

4.33. A girl riding a bicycle with a speed of 5 m/s towards north direction, observes rain
falling vertically down. If she increases her speed to 10 m/s, rain appears to meet her at
45° to the vertical. What is the speed of the rain? In what direction does rain fall as
observed by a ground-based observer?
(Hint: Assume north to be direction and vertically downward to be . Let the rain

velocity The velocity of rain as observed by the girl is always

Draw the vector diagram/s for the information given and find a and b. You may draw
all vectors in the reference frame of the ground-based observer.].

Ans. Consider north direction as and downward direction

Let velocity of rain be,

Case I: When

Velocity of rain w.r.t girl

Rain appears her vertical downward.

Case II: Now

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Now rain appears to her at with vertical or with

Hence

4.34. A river is flowing due east with a speed 3m/s. A swimmer can swim in still water at
a speed of 4 m/s as shown in the figure.

(a) If swimmer starts swimming due north, what will be his resultant velocity
(magnitude and direction)?

(b) If he wants to start from point A on the south bank and reaches the opposite point B
on the north bank,

(i) which direction should he swim?

(ii) what will be his resultant speed?

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(c) From two different cases as mentioned in (a) and (b)above, in which case will he
reach opposite bank in the shorter time?

Ans. along AB(due North)

(a) Insert Image-10

As both are perpendicular.

So

with north direction.

(b) Let swimmer strike to swim with angle with north direction towards West as again in
then from figure

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(c) Time taken by swimmer when he strike at the north direction, the component of velocity
perpendicular to the river is 4 m/s.

Let width of river

Time taken when he strike towards North

When swimmer strike at angle in part (b) its resultant velocity along
perpendicular to river is

Hence, he will reach the opposite bank in the shorter time in the case(a).

4.35. A cricket fielder can throw the cricket ball with a speed . If he throws the ball

while running with speed u at an angle to the horizontal, find

(a) the effective angle to the horizontal at which the ball is projected in the air as seen
by a spectator.

(b) what will be the time of flight?

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(c) what is the distance (horizontal range) from the point of projection at which the ball
will land?

(d) find θ at which he should throw the ball that would maximise the horizontal range
as found in (c).
(e) how does θ for maximum range change if

(f) how does θ in (v) compare with that for u = 0 (i.e.450)?

Ans. (a) As the cricket fielder runs with velocity u (in the horizontal direction) and he throws
the ball while running. So the horizontal component of the ball includes his personal speed
u.

So

As he runs horizontally so vertical component of velocity of the ball does not affect.

(b) For time of flight motion,

(as ball return in the same position of x-axis)

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So, either

T can not be zero, so

(c) Horizontal Range

(d) For maximum range =

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By quadratic formula

, ,

…(i)

(e) If u=v0

As acute angle, is angle of projection.

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If u << then [from (i)]

For is acute angle

For u >> v0 from (i)

As u >>

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(f) If u=0

4.36. Motion in two dimensions in a plane can be studied by expressing position,

velocity and acceleration as vectors in Cartesian co-ordinates where

are unit vector along x and y directions, respectively and and are

corresponding components of (Figure). Motion can also be studied by expressing

vectors in circular polar co-ordinates

where are unit vectors along

direction in which ‘r’ and ‘θ ’ are increasing.

(a) Express and in terms of and .

(b) Show that both ˆ r and θˆ are unit vectors and are perpendicular to each other.

(c) Show that

(d) For a particle moving along a spiral given by where a =1 (unit), find

dimensions of ‘a’.

(e) Find velocity and acceleration in polar vector representation for particle moving

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along spiral described in (d) above.

Ans. (a) (Given)- (1)

)Given)- (2)

Multiplying (i) by & (ii) by & adding

…(iii)

Multiplying equation (i) by and equation (ii) by

…(iv)

…(v)

Subtracting eqn. (v) from (iv)

By comparing coefficient we get

so we get both &

(b) From (i),(ii) by dot product

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So the angle between .

(c)

(d)

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 Dimension of [a] constant =

(e)

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4.37. A man wants to reach from A to the opposite corner of the square C (as in figure).
The sides of the square are 100 m. A central square of 50m × 50m is filled with sand.

Outside this square, he can walk at a speed 1 m/s-1. In the central square, he can walk
only at a speed of What is smallest value of v for which he can reach
faster via a straight path through the sand than any path in the square outside the
sand?

Ans.

Time(t1) taken through path

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Time taken

Value of v when :

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 Thank You
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