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Encapsulation in Java

Encapsulation in Java involves wrapping code and data together within a class. This keeps data hidden and secure from outside code. An encapsulated class uses private fields and public getter/setter methods to access the data. This allows control over how the data is set and retrieved. Encapsulation is used for data hiding, security, and easy testing of classes. Common IDEs make it simple to automatically generate getter/setter methods, helping to quickly create encapsulated classes.

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105 views

Encapsulation in Java

Encapsulation in Java involves wrapping code and data together within a class. This keeps data hidden and secure from outside code. An encapsulated class uses private fields and public getter/setter methods to access the data. This allows control over how the data is set and retrieved. Encapsulation is used for data hiding, security, and easy testing of classes. Common IDEs make it simple to automatically generate getter/setter methods, helping to quickly create encapsulated classes.

Uploaded by

TechVeerendra's Software Solutions
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Encapsulation in Java

Encapsulation in Java is a process of wrapping code and data together into a single
unit, for example, a capsule which is mixed of several medicines.

Encapsulation in java

We can create a fully encapsulated class in Java by making all the data members of
the class private. Now we can use setter and getter methods to set and get the data
in it.

The Java Bean class is the example of a fully encapsulated class.

Advantage of Encapsulation in Java

By providing only a setter or getter method, you can make the class read-only or
write-only. In other words, you can skip the getter or setter methods.

It provides you the control over the data. Suppose you want to set the value of id
which should be greater than 100 only, you can write the logic inside the setter
method. You can write the logic not to store the negative numbers in the setter
methods.

It is a way to achieve data hiding in Java because other class will not be able to
access the data through the private data members.

The encapsulate class is easy to test. So, it is better for unit testing.

The standard IDE's are providing the facility to generate the getters and setters. So,
it is easy and fast to create an encapsulated class in Java.

Simple Example of Encapsulation in Java

Let's see the simple example of encapsulation that has only one field with its setter
and getter methods.
File: Student.java

//A Java class which is a fully encapsulated class.

//It has a private data member and getter and setter methods.

package com.ece;

public class Student{

//private data member

private String name;

//getter method for name

public String getName(){

return name;

//setter method for name

public void setName(String name){

this.name=name

}
File: Test.java

//A Java class to test the encapsulated class.

package com.ece;

class Test{

public static void main(String[] args){

//creating instance of the encapsulated class

Student s=new Student();

//setting value in the name member

s.setName("vijay");

//getting value of the name member

System.out.println(s.getName());

Compile By: javac -d . Test.java

Run By: java com.ece.Test

Output:

vijay
Read-Only class

//A Java class which has only getter methods.

public class Student{

//private data member

private String college="SMGOIH";

//getter method for college

public String getCollege(){

return college;

Now, you can't change the value of the college data member which is "AKG".

s.setCollege("KITE");//will render compile time error

Write-Only class

//A Java class which has only setter methods.

public class Student{

//private data member

private String college;

//getter method for college

public void setCollege(String college){


this.college=college;

Now, you can't get the value of the college, you can only change the value of
college data member.

System.out.println(s.getCollege());//Compile Time Error, because there is no such


method

System.out.println(s.college);//Compile Time Error, because the college data


member is private.

//So, it can't be accessed from outside the class

Another Example of Encapsulation in Java

Let's see another example of encapsulation that has only four fields with its setter
and getter methods

File: Account.java

//A Account class which is a fully encapsulated class.

//It has a private data member and getter and setter methods.

class Account {

//private data members

private long acc_no;


private String name,email;

private float amount;

//public getter and setter methods

public long getAcc_no() {

return acc_no;

public void setAcc_no(long acc_no) {

this.acc_no = acc_no;

public String getName() {

return name;

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

public String getEmail() {

return email;

public void setEmail(String email) {

this.email = email;
}

public float getAmount() {

return amount;

public void setAmount(float amount) {

this.amount = amount;

File: TestAccount.java

//A Java class to test the encapsulated class Account.

public class TestEncapsulation {

public static void main(String[] args) {

//creating instance of Account class

Account acc=new Account();

//setting values through setter methods

acc.setAcc_no(7560504000L);

acc.setName("Veerendra");

acc.setEmail("techveerendras@gmail.com");
acc.setAmount(500000f);

//getting values through getter methods

System.out.println(acc.getAcc_no()+" "+acc.getName()+" "+acc.getEmail()+"


"+acc.getAmount());

Output:

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