"Effluent Treatment Plant in Process Industry

Effluent Treatment Plant 2020
A Project Report On
“Effluent Treatment Plant In Process Industry”

Submitted To
Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of Degree
Bachelor in Chemical Engineering
Submitted By
Rameez Ambekar (408102)
Aniket Darode (408108)
Tausif Dhande (408109)
Mohammad saad (408111)
Under the Guidance of
Prof. S. D. Yadav
Department of Chemical Engineering
MGM’S J.N.E.C., Aurangabad , Maharashtra
MGM’S JNEC Aurangabad[Type text] Page 1

Sem- VIIth(2020-2021)
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE MINI PROJECT REPORT ENTITLED
“Effluent Treatment Plant In Process Industry”
SUBMITTED
BY
Is Completed As Per The Requirement Of The Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological

University Lonere. In Partial Fulfillment Of The Degree Of Bachelor Of Engineering In
Chemical Engineering during the academic year (2020-21).
Prof.S.D.Yadav Dr.S.Y.Guhe Dr.H.H.Shinde

Guide H.O.D Principal

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This gives pleasure to acknowledge our deep sense of gratitude to our guide
Prof.S.D.Yadav for his valuable guidance completion of this Mini project Part-V.
Also, we thank respectful to Dr.S.Y.Guhe, Head OF The Department and

Dr.H.H.Shinde principal our college whose enormous co-operation and blessing
heap to completion of the mini project work.
We offer my sincere thanks to all those who have helped us directly and
indirectly our mini project Part-V. Last but not least we are thankful we are
thankful to all the non-teaching staff and friends for their co-operation.

ABSTRACT
Most of the river basins are closing or closed to severe water shortages, brought on by the
simultaneous effects of agricultural growth ,industrialization and urbanization. Performance of
state owned sewage treatment plants, for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent
treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with
prescribed standards. Thus, effluent from the treatment plants, often, not suitable for household
purpose and reuse of the waste water is mostly restricted to agricultural and industrial purposes.
The development of innovative technologies for treatment of wastewaters from various
industries is a matter of alarming concern for us. Although many research papers have been
reported on wastewater pollution control studies, but a very few research work is carried out for
treatment of wastewater of steel industries, especially in reference to development of design of
industrial effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)system. Another beneficial aspect of this research
work will be recycling, reuse of water and sludge from steel industry The whole technologies for
treating industrial wastewater can be divided into four categories: -Chemical, Physical,
Biological and mathematical approaches.
Keywords- Waste water, Effluent treatment plants (ETP), Environmental Impact assessment
(EIA), and Physical treatment.

CONTENTS
INDEX
SR.NO. Title of topic Page No.
1. Introduction 1-2
2. Literature review 3-4
3. Treatment process and methods 5-14
4. Bod and cod calculation 15-16
5. In tank/Static Sparger Design 17-23
6. Problem Statement and its solution 23-25
7. Conclusion 26
6. References 27

1. INTRODUCTION :
The effluent treatment facility is installed for biological treatment of the effluents. The effluent
bears large amounts of organic matter. The direct discharge of the effluent into the water bodies
causes depletion of DO of the water. Hence, in order to meet the recommended standards of
quality of the effluent, it is necessary to treat the effluent before it is finally disposed off. This
treatment facility provides for removal of major pollutants from the effluent.
Commercial water use includes fresh water for motels, hotels, restaurants, office buildings, other
commercial facilities, and civilian and military institutions. Domestic water use is probably the
most important daily use of water for most people. Domestic use includes water that is used in
the home every day, including water for normal household purposes, such as drinking, food
preparation, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, flushing toilets, and watering lawns and
gardens. Industrial water use is a valuable resource to the nation's industries for such purposes as
processing, cleaning, transportation, dilution, and cooling in manufacturing facilities. Major
water-using industries include steel, chemical, paper, and petroleum refining. Industries often
reuse the same water over and over for more than one purpose.
Irrigation water use is water artificially applied to farm, orchard, pasture, and horticultural crops,
as well as water used to irrigate pastures, for frost and freeze protection, chemical application,
crop cooling, harvesting, and for the leaching of salts from the crop root zone. Mining water use
includes water for the extraction of naturally occurring minerals; solids, such as coal and ores;
liquids, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. The category includes
quarrying, milling (such as crushing, screening, washing, and flotation), and other operations as
part of mining activity. A significant portion of the water used for mining, about 32 percent, is
saline. Public Supply water use refers to water withdrawn by public and private water suppliers,
such as county and municipal water works, and delivered to users for domestic, commercial, and

industrial purposes. In 1995, the majority of the nation's population, about 225 million, or 84
percent, used water delivered from public water suppliers.
Effluent Treatment Plants or (ETPs) are used by leading companies in the pharmaceutical and
chemical industry to purify water and remove any toxic and non toxic materials or chemicals
from it. These plants are used by all companies for environment protection. An ETP is a plant
where the treatment of industrial effluents and waste waters is done. The ETP plants are used
widely in industrial sector, for example, pharmaceutical industry, to remove the effluents from
the bulk drugs.
Need of ETP –
 To clean industry effluent and recycle it for further use.
 To reduce the usage of fresh/potable water in Industries.
 To cut expenditure on water procurement.
 To meet the Standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various
Industries set by the Government and avoid hefty penalties.
 To safeguard environment against pollution and contribute in sustainable development.

2. Literature Review:
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is one of the most important & prominent part of Textile dyeing
sector. The discharged water is properly treated in the ETP plant to ensure that the discharged
waste water is not harmful for nature. If the ETP is performed properly in the industry it ensures
the smooth & ethical production operation of the manufacturing units. The ETP unit of some of
Bangladeshi dyeing textile unit is taken into consideration for this research. After taking the raw
water directly discharged from industry is taken for the parameter checking. Analyzing the
acquired result it is clear that if the management of the dyeing unit becomes loyal to the
environment with ethics & operate the ETP properly than most of the dyeing industry would
perform best with ISO standard. The common measurement & procedures available in the dyeing
factory is used to measure the characteristic of discharged waste water.
Most of the river basins are closing or closed to severe water shortages, brought on by the
simultaneous effects of agricultural growth ,industrialization and urbanization. Performance of
state owned sewage treatment plants, for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent
treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with
prescribed standards. Thus, effluent from the treatment plants, often, not suitable for household
purpose and reuse of the waste water is mostly restricted to agricultural and industrial purposes.
The development of innovative technologies for treatment of wastewaters from various
industries is a matter of alarming concern for us. Although many research papers have been
reported on wastewater pollution control studies, but a very few research work is carried out for
treatment of wastewater of steel industries, especially in reference to development of design of
industrial effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)system. Another beneficial aspect of this research
work will be recycling, reuse of water and sludge from steel industry The whole technologies for
treating industrial wastewater can be divided into four categories: -Chemical, Physical,
Biological and mathematical approaches.
Based on a successful experimental result from laboratory and bench scale for treatment of
wastewater from beverages industry, an industrial and effificient treatment unit is designed and

constructed. The broad goal of this study was to design and construct efflfluent, cost effective
and high quality treatment unit. The used technology is the activated sludge process of extended
aeration type followed by rapid sand fifilters and chlorination as tertiary treatment. Experimental
results have been considered as the basis for full scale design of the industrial capacity of 1600
m3 /day treatment plant. Final effluent characteristics after treatment comply with Egyptian
legalizations after reducing COD and BOD5 by about 97% and 95% respectively. So it is
recommended to reuse treated effluent in textile industry in dyeing process.

3. Treatment Process and Methods :
1.Process Concept
The raw effluent, bears large amount of suspended solids and oxygen consuming organic matter.
The conceptual approach of the treatment includes the removal of suspended particles, dissolved
organic matters and handling of sludge for disposal.
The heart of this treatment scheme is the aerobic biological reactor, which are designed on the
basis of activated sludge process. The activated sludge treatment process basically involves the
stabilization of organic matter by the action of various microorganisms as depicted in the
following equation. Organic + Microorganisms + Oxygen + Nutrients = New cells + Carbon
dioxide + Ammonia + Energy.
This could be restated in engineering term as- Waste + Sludge + Air – Surplus Sludge + End
products.
In this biological process, a part of the newly synthesized sludge undergoes oxidation called,
Endogenous respiration. Cells + oxygen – End products + Less cells.
The preformed biological flocks (MLSS) come in contact with the incoming waste in the
aeration tank under highly aerobic environment and oxidize the organic matter to more stable
materials. The efficiency of the system mainly depends upon the concentration of active
microorganism present to perform the assimilation of organic matter. The activated sludge, in
general, consists bacteria and protozoan, rotifers etc in the presence of DO. The desirable
environmental condition like sufficient DO, substrate and nutrients are required for cell growth
and energy for various metabolic functions. It is essential that the biological flock should readily
separate from the treated wastewater in the final clarifier.
The oxygen supply is required for the following:
 Oxidation of organic matter (substrate removal)

 Endogenous respiration of microorganisms.
 Nitrification - Nitrification generally begins after carbonaceous demand is satisfied.
Excess or deficient quantity of food (incoming BOD) adversely affects the physical quality of
biological sludge. The activated sludge system is designed on the basis of a particular food to
microorganism ratio. This ratio is in practice indicated by the quantity of BOD in influent per
unit quantity of mixed liquor suspended solids per unit time.
This may be expressed as kg, BOD/kg, MLSS/day. The volatile suspended solid, which
repression is between 60 – 70% of MLSS is used as a measure of active cells in the system. The
optimal pH for an active biological aeration system is between 6.5 – 9.0.
In the aeration tank required MLSS concentration is maintained by recirculating the biological
solids separated in the final clarifier. The surplus biological sludge (and the sludge from the
secondary clarifier) needs further dewatering, which is achieved in sludge drying beds. The final
effluent is suitable for discharging into the inland surface water.
This effluent treatment facility consists of the following units:
1. Storage tank
2. Equalization tank
3. Neutralization tank
4. Primary clarifier
5. Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor
6. Aeration tanks – 1 & 2
7. Final clarifier
8. Sludge drying beds

Unit Description And Operation

1) Storage Tank- The function of storage tank is to collect and store the raw effluent from
different parts of factory.
Process: The raw effluent is collected from the different part of the factory and stored. From the
storage tank the raw effluent is passed to the equalization tank with the help of pump. The pH of
the raw effluent in the storage tank is 5.5 – 6.5.
2) Equalization Tank - The function of equalization tank is to equalize the raw effluent
emanating from different processing units.
Process: The effluent is collected in an existing combined effluent from where it is pumped to
the existing aeration tank, which serves as an equalization tank. The floating aerator is operated
to homogenize effluent which is then pumped to the neutralization tank.
3) Neutralization Tank- The function of the neutralization tank is to neutralize the raw effluent,
which is generally acidic in nature.
Process: The raw effluent, which is usually acidic (pH-5.5 to 6.5) in nature is neutralized by
adding the saturated solution of NaOH, So, the final pH of the neutralization tank is adjusted to
pH- 8.0 to 9.0. Then the raw effluent after has been treated in neutralization tank is allowed to
pass in the primary clarifier through gravity.
4) Primary Clarifier - The function of PC is to remove suspended heavy particles from the raw
effluent.
Process: In this tank, the heavy particles along with the sludge, which the bacteria have
degraded settles down at the bottom of the tank and the water flows on top of it. A rotator is
fixed in the middle of the tank, so that the heavy particle along with the sludge which has settled
down does not block the outlet of the PC. In this tank, mostly the inactive heavy particles along
with little amount of sludge is thrown out in the Sludge drying beds. The pH of the PC is
maintained to 7.0 to 8.0.
5) Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor - This unit is provided for the anaerobic treatment of the effluent.
Process - The effluent after treatment in PC is passed to the AHR through gravity. The design of
the AHR is in a way that at the bottom of this tank anaerobic bacteria’s beds are made. The
effluent which comes from PC react with the anaerobic bacteria and the break up of organic

compounds takes place with the production of Methane gas which can be seen in the form of
bubbles on the upper layer of the water in the tank. The pH of the AHR is maintained to 7.0-7.5
because the anaerobic bacteria are stable in this pH. If there is much fluctuation in the pH of this
tank the anaerobic bacteria can die.
6) Aeration Tanks 1 & 2 – This unit is provided for aerobic biological treatment of the effluent
for the reduction of organic matter in the effluent.
Process: The effluent from the AHR is received in the aeration tank stage-1 by pumping and is
aerated by the help of mechanical surface aerators in the presence of previously developed
biological sludge (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids i.e. MLSS). The food / microorganism ratio is
maintained at about 0.6 and 0.137 in the first and second stage aeration tanks respectively which
correspond to about 3500 mg / ml.
Operation - The start up of the activated sludge process can be accomplished by using seed
sludge available from night soil develop a suitable microorganism population expressed as
MLSS.The following method is recommended for the initial development of MLSS in the
aeration tank: –The use of seed sludge (Night soil) provides the reliable means of start up. Seed
sludge may be added in the aeration tank to provide approx. 500mg/ltr. MLSS. The tank is to be
filled up with fresh water prior to the addition of seed sludge. The seed sludge is to be aerated by
running both the aerators and be continued for at least 24 hrs in order to make the sludge into
aerobic. With the seed sludge aerated, raw effluent into the aeration tank is to be introduced at
approx. 25% of the design flow. If possible, aeration must be continued by all aerators and
feeding of effluent increased in daily increments of 25%. This enables the treatment process to
produce a quality effluent as the MLSS concentration is increasing. During this operation the
requisite quantity of nutrients in aeration tank is also added.Required nutrients viz. N and P are
added with aeration tanks by pumping a solution of Urea and DAP. The aerators also help to
keep the biological solids in suspension. The mixed liquor from the aeration tanks is subjected to
gravitational settling in the hopper bottom secondary clarifier.

7) Final Clarifier- The function of final clarifier is to separate biological solids from the mixed
liquor first stage aeration tank.
Process : The mixed liquor from the first stage aeration tank is received in the clarifier by
gravity. The clarifier is hopper bottom type. The sedimentation of sludge is withdrawn by pumps
and is recirculated back into the aeration tank stage-1 for maintaining the MLSS. Provision is
given to transfer the sludge into the stage-2 aeration tank through the necessary connections
given on the delivery line of the sludge recirculation pump.
Operation - The clarifier is filled up with effluent by gravity. The biological solids get settled by
gravity at bottom. The suctions valves corresponding to each hopper portion of clarifier are kept
opened. The settled sludge is recirculated by operating pump back into the aeration tank
continuously. If the MLSS exceed the required level, or sludge needs to be wasted, the sludge is
diverted into aerobic.
Discharge Through V-Notch : The raw effluent, which has been treated through different
process, lastly clarified, is now discharged into the water bodies through the V-Notch. This is a
pipeline made which has a V shape ending and having a scale mark from which height and
discharge of the effluent can be calculated. The following table shows the discharge through V-
Notch.

Height (cm) Discharge (m3/hr)
7.00 6.48
7.50 7.92
8.00 9.00
8.50 10.08
9.00 12.24
9.50 14.04
10.00 16.20
10.50 18.36
11.00 20.52
11.50 22.68
12.00 25.56
12.50 28.08
13.00 30.96
13.50 34.20

14.00 37.80
14.50 40.68
15.00 44.28
8) Sludge Drying Beds- This unit is meant for dewatering and drying the excess biological
sludge.
Process: The excess biological sludge from the stage-1 aeration tank after aerobic digestor is
conveyed to the sludge drying beds by gravity. The excess sludge from the stage-2 aeration tanks
is withdrawn to the sludge drying beds by pumping. Each bed comprises of coarse sand, broken
stone. The dewatering of sludge is affected by percolation of associated water through the filter
media while the sludge is retained on the media surface. The sludge over the media gets dried up
by natural drying and removed manually for disposal as landfill. The percolated water is pumped
to the aeration tank-2.
Operation - Allow the sludge to flow to the drying beds. Once the sludge thickness comes to
about 300 mm charging of sludge is to be stop and the bed is isolated to dry up by natural
evaporation. This takes about 10 days.
Flow chart of ETP :

2.Treatment Method:
Effluent can be treated in a number of different ways depending on the level of treatment
required. These levels are known as preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary (or advanced).
The mechanisms for treatment can be divided into three broad categories: physical, chemical and
biological, which all include a number of different processes. Many of these processes will be
used together in a single treatment plant. Descriptions of the most commonly used processes.
Table: Wastewater treatment levels qnd processes.

2.1 Physical Unit Operations

Common physical unit operations include among other processes screening, flow equalisation,
sedimentation, clarification and aeration.
Screening A screen with openings of uniform size is used to remove large solids such as cloth,
which may damage process equipment, reduce the effectiveness of the ETP or contaminate
waterways.
Flow Equalisation
There are several different steps in the textile dyeing process and therefore wastewater quality
and quantity varies over time. ETPs are usually designed to treat wastewater that has a more or
less constant flow and a quality that only fluctuates within a narrow range. The equalization tank
overcomes this by collecting and storing the waste, allowing it to mix and become a regular
quality before it is pumped to the treatment units at a constant rate. To determine the required
volume of an equalization tank the hourly variation of flow needs to be determined.
Sedimentation and Filtration
The flocs formed in flocculation (see chemical unit processes for a description of flocculation)
are large enough to be removed by gravitational settling, also known as sedimentation. This is
achieved in a tank referred to as the sedimentation tank, settling tank or clarifier. Sedimentation
is also used to remove grit and suspended solids, to produce clarified effluent, and to thicken the

sludge produced in biological treatment. Flocculation and sedimentation should remove most of
the suspended solids and a portion of the BOD.
Aeration
Aeration is required in biological treatment processes to provide oxygen to the microorganisms
that breakdown the organic waste (this is described in more detail in the biological treatment
section). Two main methods are used for this, either mechanical agitation of the water so that air
from the atmosphere enters the water, or by introducing air into the tank through diffusers.
2.2 Chemical Unit Processes
Chemical unit processes are always used with physical operations and may also be used with
biological treatment processes, although it is possible to have a purely physico-chemical plant
with no biological treatment. Chemical processes use the addition of chemicals to the wastewater
to bring about changes in its quality. They include pH control, coagulation, chemical
precipitation and oxidation.
pH Control
Waste from textile industries is rarely pH neutral. Certain processes such as reactive dyeing
require large quantities of alkali but pretreatments and some washes can be acidic. It is therefore
necessary to adjust the pH in the treatment process to make the wastewater pH neutral. This is
particularly important if biological treatment is being used, as the microorganisms used in
biological treatment require a pH in the range of 6-8 and will be killed by highly acidic or alkali
wastewater. Various chemicals are used for pH control. For acidic wastes (low pH) sodium
hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, may be added among
other things. For alkali wastes (high pH) sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid may be added.Acids
can cause corrosion of equipment and care must be taken in choosing which acid to use.
Hydrocholoric acid is probably better from an environmental view point but can corrodestainless
steel therefore plastic or appropriately coated pumps and pipes must be used.
Chemical Coagulation and Flocculation
Coagulation is a complex process but generally refers to collecting into a larger mass the minute
solid particles dispersed in a liquid. Chemical coagulants such as aluminium sulphate (alum) or
ferric sulphate may be added to wastewater to improve the attraction of fine particles so that they

come together and form larger particles called flocs. A chemical flocculent, usually a
polyelectrolyte, enhances the flocculation process by bringing together particles to form larger
flocs, which settle out more quickly. Flocculation is aided by gentle mixing which causes the
particles to collide.
2.3 Biological Unit Processes
The objective of biological treatment of industrial wastewater is to remove, or reduce the
concentration of, organic and inorganic compounds. Biological treatment process can take many
forms but all are based around microorganisms, mainly bacteria. These microorganisms use
components of the effluent as their “food” and in doing so break them down to less complex and
less hazardous compounds. In the process the microorganisms increase in number.
There are two main types of processes, these involve suspended microbial growth (e.g. activated
sludge) and attached microbial growth (e.g. fixed film). With both approaches large populations
of microorganisms are brought into contact with effluent in the presence of an excess of oxygen.
In both systems the microbial population has to be retained in a tank referred to as the reactor.
With suspended growth systems microbes grow in small aggregates or “flocs” (this is known as
activated sludge). Activated sludge (AS) leaves the reactor with the treated effluent but is settled
out in a clarifier and returned to the aeration unit to recycle the bacteria. If the amount of AS is
excessive some may be disposed of rather than being recycled. In fixed film systems the
microbial population grows as a thin layer (a “bio-film”) on the surface of an inert support
medium. The classical fixed film system is known as a percolating or biological filter and uses
small stones as a medium to support microbial growth. In the more modern system microbes
grow on plastic supports. In the traditional percolating filters effluent is sprayed over the medium
and trickles through a packed bed with oxygen entering from the air. In more recent reactor
designs, the medium (usually plastic) is submerged in effluent and air is blown into the base of
the reactor. Traditional percolating filters require large areas of land and are unlikely to be of use
in Bangladesh due to land costs. Submerged fixed film reactors using plastic media require much
less land. Fixed film systems require a final clarifier to remove particles of biofilm that become
detached from the medium. However, this material is not recycled to the reactor.

Bod and cod calculation :
COD or Chemical Oxygen Demand is the total measurement of all chemicals (organics & in-
organics) in the water / waste water; BOD is a measure of, the amount of oxygen that require for
the bacteria to degrade the organic components present in water / waste water.
Calculating the effluent BOD or bsCOD
1. Calculate the Effluent 'biodegradable soluble COD' Concentration (bsCOD)
2. Calculate the 'Hydraulic Retention Time' (HRT)
3. Calculate the Daily Sludge Production.
4. Calculate the fraction of Biomass in the 'Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids'
(MLVSS)

5. Calculate the Observed Solids Yield.
6. Calculate the Oxygen Requirement.
Where,
S =effluent soluble substrate concentration (bsCOD)[g/m3] or [mg/l]
Ks =half-velocity constant, substrate concentration at one-half the maximum specific substrate

utilization rate[g COD/m3]s
kd =endogenous decay coefficient[g VSS/g VSS∙d]
SRT =Sedimentation Retention Time[d]Y =biomass yield[g VSS/g COD used]
k =maximum specific substrate utilization rate[g COD/g∙d]
Q =influent flowrate[m3/d]
bsCOD =biodegradable soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand[g/m3] or [mg/l]
MLVSS =Mixed liquor Volatile Suspende Solids[g/m3] or [mg/l]
fd =fraction of biomass that remains as cell debris[g VSS/g VSS]
VSS =Volatile Suspended Solids[g/m3] or [mg/l]
TSS =Total Suspended Solids[g/m3] or [mg/l]
There is a formula for calculating COD. Consider the formula for COD calculation: (a - b) X
C X 8,000 / the volume of the sample in mL. Let "a" represent the titrant used for your sample
expressed in mL. Let "b" represent the titrant used for your blank sample in mL.

IN-TANK / STATIC SPARGER DESIGN:
Sparger sizing is based on the superficial gas exit velocity from the porous sparger surface,
expressed in feet per minute (FPM), calculated from actual cubic feet per minute per square
foot of sparger surface area (ACFM/Ft.2 ). ACFM is calculated at the liquid pressure and
temperature at the sparger,it is not based on gas pressure.
Sizing Procedure for In-Tank Spargers:
1. Determine gas flow required in standard
cubic feet per minute (SCFM).
2. Determine liquid pressure at the sparger,
in PSIG (P).
2.1 For open or vented tanks, liquid head in
feet x 0.433 x specific gravity = PSIG.
(Specific Gravity of water = 1.0)

2.2 For closed tanks or vessels with a pressurized head space, add head space pressure
to the liquid head pressure to obtain (P)
3. Determine liquid temperature °F, (T).
4. Determine ACFM, from SCFM using standard
gas formula.
ACFM = SCFM x 14.7 x (460 + T)
(14.7 + P) 520
5. Select Gas Exit Velocity, FPM. See Gas
Exit Velocity Chart.
6. Calculate sparger area required Ft2(A).
A = ACFM/FPM
7. Select appropriate Mott sparger element
or elements, and determine best in-tank
arrangement based on process requirements. Refer to Mott Sparging Literature
(Ref: PMSPARG) or Mott Sparger
Selection Key.
In agitated tanks, use reinforced elements or
provide support as required.

Gas Exit Velocity Chart:

Problem Statement :-
• 1.5 SCFM of CO2 gas is being injected into a 6” diameter pipeline of water for pH control (pipeline
velocity is 5 ft/sec).
• The pressure in the pipeline is 60 psig.

• The temperature is 75 °F
Solution:-
Calculated ACFM:
= (1.5 SCFM) *((14.7 psi)/(60 psi+14.7 psi)) * ((75°F+460°F)/(60°F+460°F))
= 0.30 ft3/min
If we are aiming for an allowable velocity (V) across the diffuser of 10 ft/min, the porous
diffuser must have a minimum surface area (A) of:
A=𝑄/𝑉=0.30 ft3/min/10 ft/min = 0.03 ft2
As the pipeline diameter is only 6” we could easily use a 6” long ½” diameter diffuser
with a surface area of 0.065 ft2, which would have excess capacity and lower velocities to
ensure that there are a small sized bubbles under operating conditions.
Conclusion
We have studied the effluent treatment plant in process industry . we studied the different type of
unit processes and treatment method of wastewater and successfully calculated the Sparger Area
Which will used in Aeration Tank For Introducing the gas in liquid for increasing the oxygen to
maintain the aerobic culture of the tank for aerobic microbes used in ETP plant.

References
[1] Dean J. G., F. L. Basqui and Lanouette, 1972, Removing heavy metals from wastewater Env.
Sci. Tech. 6:518
[2] Huang C. P. 1977, Removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents J. Env . Eng. Division,
ASCE 118 (EE6): 923-947.

[3] Loomba, K. and G. S. Pandey 1993, Selective removal of some toxic metals ions (Hg(II), pb
(II) and Zn(II)) by reduction using steel plants granulated slag. Indian J. Env., Health A:20:105-
112.
[4] Shrivastava, A.K., A Review on copper pollution and its removal from water bodies by
pollution control Technologies, IJEP 29(6): 552-560, 2009.
[5] Journal of environmental Management, vol. 88, issue 3, August 2008, pp. 437-447.
[6] Industrial wastewater reuses potential – internet (web)
[7] Waste Management Strategies for industries.
[8] U.S. Environmental protection Agency, Design criteria for Mechanical, Electric and Fluid
system and Washington, D. C.,1974.
[9] Raj kumar Agrawal and Piyush Kant Pandey, Productive recycling of basic oxygen furnace
sludge in integrated steel plant. Journal of scientific and industrial Research, vol. 64, sept. 2005,
pp. 702-706.
[10] B. Das, S. Prakash, P.S.R. Reddy, VN Mishra, An overview of utilization of slag and sludge
from steel industries, Resources, Conservation and Recycling Vol. 50, Issue1, March 2007, pp.
40-57.

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Effluent Treatment Plant 2020

“Effluent Treatment Plant In Process Industry”

Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of Degree

Bachelor in Chemical Engineering

Rameez Ambekar (408102)

Aniket Darode (408108)

Tausif Dhande (408109)

Mohammad saad (408111)

Under the Guidance of

Department of Chemical Engineering

MGM’S J.N.E.C., Aurangabad , Maharashtra

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THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE MINI PROJECT REPORT ENTITLED

“Effluent Treatment Plant In Process Industry”

Mohammad saad (408111)

Aniket Darode (408108)

Rameez Ambekar (408102)

Tausif Dhande (408109)

Is Completed As Per The Requirement Of The Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological

Prof.S.D.Yadav Dr.S.Y.Guhe Dr.H.H.Shinde

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Also, we thank respectful to Dr.S.Y.Guhe, Head OF The Department and

Mohammad saad (408111)

Aniket Darode (408108)

Rameez Ambekar (408102)

Tausif Dhande (408109)

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SR.NO. Title of topic Page No.

2. Literature review 3-4

3. Treatment process and methods 5-14

4. Bod and cod calculation 15-16

5. In tank/Static Sparger Design 17-23

6. Problem Statement and its solution 23-25

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3. Treatment Process and Methods :

 Oxidation of organic matter (substrate removal)

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 Endogenous respiration of microorganisms.

 Nitrification - Nitrification generally begins after carbonaceous demand is satisfied.

5. Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor

6. Aeration tanks – 1 & 2

8. Sludge drying beds

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Unit Description And Operation

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Height (cm) Discharge (m3/hr)

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Table: Wastewater treatment levels qnd processes.

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2.1 Physical Unit Operations

= (1.5 SCFM) ((14.7 psi)/(60 psi+14.7 psi)) ((75°F+460°F)/(60°F+460°F))