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    Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion

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    Andres Camilo Benitez

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion

    Uploaded by

    Andres Camilo Benitez
    79 views3 pages

    Original Title

    D2152

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    79 views3 pages

    Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion

    Uploaded by

    Andres Camilo Benitez

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Designation: D 2152 – 95 An American National Standard

    AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS


    100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
    Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

    Standard Test Method for


    Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
    Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion1
    This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2152; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
    original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
    superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

    1. Scope use of a hazardous reagent which must be properly handled and


    1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ad- disposed. Therefore, this test method may not be cost-effective
    equacy of fusion of extruded rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to employ as a routine quality control test.
    pipe and molded fittings as indicated by reaction to immersion 4. Apparatus
    in anhydrous acetone.
    1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.1 Container—Either individual, sealable containers for
    as the standard except where instruments are calibrated in SI each specimen or one large, airtight container capable of
    units. holding several specimens without touching one another.
    1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Hydrometer and Cylinder—Precision hydrometer,
    safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the graduated in thousandths, with a minimum range of 0.780 to
    responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 0.790 g/mL and a cylinder large enough to immerse the
    priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- hydrometer.
    bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards 4.3 Thermometer—ASTM 12C total immersion thermom-
    statements are given in Annex A1. eter, range from −20°C to 102°C accurate to 0.2°C, or
    equivalent.
    2. Referenced Documents
    5. Reagent
    2.1 ASTM Standards:
    D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical 5.1 Acetone—American Chemical Society Reagent Grade,
    Insulating Materials for Testing2 having a maximum density of 0.7857 g/mL at 25°C.
    NOTE 1—See Annex A1 for the safety and health precautions to be used
    3. Significance and Use with acetone.
    3.1 This test method is applicable only for distinguishing 5.2 Prior to conducting the test, check the density of the
    between inadequately fused and adequately fused PVC. The acetone with a precision hydrometer to determine its dryness.
    difference between thermally degraded and adequately fused If the density of the acetone is greater than 0.7890 g/mL at
    PVC cannot be detected by this test method. Acetone immer- 23°C, (corresponding to approximately 1 % water by mass (see
    sion is not a substitute for burst, impact, or other physical or Fig. )), use fresh acetone or dry the wet acetone with a drying
    chemical tests on PVC pipe or fittings and it, therefore, shall agent. Recheck the density of the fresh or dried acetone before
    not be used as the only test specification for purchasing of PVC using.
    pipe and fittings. This test only detects inadequate fusion and
    does not determine the over-all quality of the PVC pipe or NOTE 2—Wet acetone can be dried by thoroughly agitating it with at
    fittings. least 15 g of anhydrous calcium sulfate (CaSO4) for each gram of water
    present.
    3.2 This test method is useful in determining whether
    NOTE 3—The presence of water in the acetone reduces its sensitivity to
    inadequate fusion contributed to failure of PVC pipe or fittings differences in the degree of fusion of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). It
    in other physical or chemical tests, or in service. is important to dry the acetone properly and conduct the test in a sealed
    3.3 This test method is useful in evaluating the adequacy of container, because acetone rapidly absorbs moisture from the atmosphere.
    PVC fusion obtained in process or materials trials. NOTE 4—Round-robin testing between four laboratories showed that
    3.4 This test method determines adequacy of fusion on a test results are not significantly altered with up to 2 % water by weight in
    single, relatively small specimen. This test method requires the the acetone.

    6. Sampling
    1
    This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic 6.1 Specimens shall be taken from individual pipe sections,
    Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.25 on Vinyl fittings, or remnant portions of pipe or fittings. Specimens shall
    Based Pipe.
    be taken from locations which are to be evaluated for adequacy
    Current edition approved March 15, 1995. Published May 1995. Originally
    published as D 2152 – 63 T. Last previous edition D 2152 – 80 (1986)e1. of fusion, or immediately adjacent to them.
    2
    Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. 6.2 The number of individual specimens to be tested and

    1
    D 2152
    their locations shall be chosen to be representative of the pipe 9.2 Place sufficient dried acetone into the container to
    or fittings being evaluated for adequacy of fusion. ensure complete immersion of the specimen.
    9.3 Place the test specimen in the acetone, seal the con-
    7. Test Specimens tainer, and do not agitate. Allow specimen to stand immersed
    7.1 Size of Specimen—Specimen shall be a size that is for 20 min.
    convenient to immerse in the test container but not less than 1⁄2 9.4 After 20 min, remove the specimen from the container
    in. (13 mm) in height. For small diameter pipe, the specimen and inspect for signs of attack.
    shall be a complete circumferential section of the pipe. For 9.5 Attack is described as a lifting, raising, or removing, or
    large diameter pipe, the specimen shall be a full pipe section both, of any material outside surface, inside surface, or
    but it may be cut into smaller pieces to facilitate testing. Small mid-wall, of the specimen. Swelling or softening of the test
    molded parts shall be immersed as a single item. For large specimen shall not be considered attack.
    molded fittings, the specimen shall be a complete circumfer-
    ential section which may be cut into segments before being 10. Fusion Criteria
    immersed. If the pipe or fitting to be evaluated has fractured or 10.1 At least 50 % attack of the inside, outside, or mid-wall
    fragmented in other tests or in service, specimens of any shape surface or at least 10 % attack on more than one surface shall
    and size may be tested. be considered to be indicative of inadequate fusion.
    7.2 Specimen Preparation—For pipe having a wall thick-
    ness greater than 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) the wall thickness shall be 11. Report
    reduced by at least one-half its thickness for a minimum of
    11.1 The report shall include the following:
    one-half the height of the specimen at six or more intervals
    11.1.1 Complete identification of the PVC compound,
    around the circumference of one end of the specimen. Removal
    11.1.2 Production code number of the pipe or fittings,
    shall be effected by filing, wet sanding, or other means that will
    11.1.3 Nominal dimensions of the pipe or fittings,
    minimize localized heating of the surface. It is not necessary to
    11.1.4 Observations after 20 min immersion shall be re-
    reduce the wall thickness on molded fittings.
    ported indicating attack or no attack,
    8. Conditioning 11.1.5 The area attacked, inside, outside, or mid-wall, and
    the estimated percentage of that area attacked, and
    8.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition the specimens in
    11.1.6 Date of test.
    air for 1 h at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) prior to testing. The
    specimens shall not be conditioned in water because of the
    12. Precision and Bias
    effect water has on the acetone. For referee purposes condi-
    tioning shall be in accordance with Procedure A of Practice 12.1 This test method is subjective, based on operator
    D 618. judgement. Therefore a statement on precision and bias is not
    applicable.
    9. Procedure
    9.1 Conduct the tests in a Standard Laboratory Atmosphere 13. Keywords
    of 23 6 2°C unless otherwise specified. 13.1 acetone; fusion; pipe; poly(vinyl chloride); PVC

    ANNEX

    (Mandatory Information)

    A1. RECOMMENDED SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO BE USED WITH ACETONE

    A1.1 Safety Requirements: A1.2 Health Hazards:


    A1.1.1 No source of ignition is to be permitted where A1.2.1 Acetone is a mild irritant to eyes, nose and throat but
    acetone is used. only minor residual injury will occur if no medical treatment is
    A1.1.2 Dispense acetone only from approved safety con- given.
    tainers. A1.2.2 Prolonged or continuous exposure of acetone to the
    A1.1.3 Dispose of used acetone, or acetone-impregnated skin may cause acute or chronic dermatitis. Exposed skin areas
    cloths only in an approved safety waste receptacle.
    should be washed and dried. Consult a physician if a rash
    A1.1.4 Avoid prolonged breathing of acetone. Use acetone
    develops.
    only in a well ventilated area.
    A1.1.5 Use proper eye protection such as chemical-
    A1.3 Fire Hazard:
    worker’s goggles or a face shield when handling acetone.
    A1.1.6 Avoid prolonged exposure to the skin. If prolonged A1.3.1 Acetone is a very flammable liquid having a flash
    exposure to the skin cannot be avoided, use protective clothing. point of −18°C (0°F). Use dry chemical, alcohol foam, or

    2
    D 2152
    carbon dioxide to fight a fire. Use water to keep fire-exposed
    containers cool or to wash away or dilute spills which have not
    ignited.

    APPENDIX

    (Nonmandatory Information)

    X1. DENSITY OF ACETONE VERSUS PERCENT WATER AT FOUR TEMPERATURES

    The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
    with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
    patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

    This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
    if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
    and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
    technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
    views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

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