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    Problem 2A.4

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    Jin Ping
    (1) The maximum diameter of catalyst particles that could be lost in the stack gas is estimated to be 110 microns. (2) Stokes' law can be used to estimate this because the Reynolds number is less than 1, indicating laminar flow. (3) The calculation involves setting the sum of forces on a particle at the center of the stack to zero and solving for particle diameter, taking into account gravitational, buoyant, and drag forces.

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    Problem 2A.4

    Uploaded by

    Jin Ping
    187 views2 pages
    (1) The maximum diameter of catalyst particles that could be lost in the stack gas is estimated to be 110 microns. (2) Stokes' law can be used to estimate this because the Reynolds number is less than 1, indicating laminar flow. (3) The calculation involves setting the sum of forces on a particle at the center of the stack to zero and solving for particle diameter, taking into account gravitational, buoyant, and drag forces.

    Original Description:

    Theoretical TP worksheet

    Original Title

    BSLTPCh2p2A4

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    (1) The maximum diameter of catalyst particles that could be lost in the stack gas is estimated to be 110 microns. (2) Stokes' law can be used to estimate this because the Reynolds number is less than 1, indicating laminar flow. (3) The calculation involves setting the sum of forces on a particle at the center of the stack to zero and solving for particle diameter, taking into account gravitational, buoyant, and drag forces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    187 views2 pages

    Problem 2A.4

    Uploaded by

    Jin Ping
    (1) The maximum diameter of catalyst particles that could be lost in the stack gas is estimated to be 110 microns. (2) Stokes' law can be used to estimate this because the Reynolds number is less than 1, indicating laminar flow. (3) The calculation involves setting the sum of forces on a particle at the center of the stack to zero and solving for particle diameter, taking into account gravitational, buoyant, and drag forces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    BSL Transport Phenomena 2e Revised: Chapter 2 - Problem 2A.

    4 Page 1 of 2

    Problem 2A.4
    Loss of catalyst particles in stack gas.

    (a) Estimate the maximum diameter of microspherical catalyst particles that could be lost in
    the stack gas of a fluid cracking unit under the following conditions:

    Gas velocity at axis of stack = 1.0 ft/s (vertically upward)


    Gas viscosity = 0.026 cp
    Gas density = 0.045 lbm /ft3
    Density of a catalyst particle = 1.2 g/cm3

    Express the result in microns (1 micron = 10−6 m = 1µm).

    (b) Is it permissible to use Stokes’ law in (a)?

    Answers: (a) 110 µm; Re = 0.93

    Solution

    Convert all the given quantities to SI units and assign variables to them. The conversion factors
    can be found on page 868 and 870.

    ft 1m m
    Gas velocity at axis of stack v∞ = 1.0 × ≈ 0.3049
    s 3.28 ft s
    10−3 Pa · s
    Gas viscosity µ = 0.026 ×
    cp = 2.6 × 10−5 Pa · s
    1cp
    
     3
    lbm 1 kg 3.28 @
    ft kg
    Gas density ρg = 0.045 3 × × ≈ 0.7203 3
    
    ZftZ 2.2046 
    lbm 1m m
     3
    g 1 kg cm
    100 H kg
    Density of a catalyst particle ρc = 1.2 H 3 × × = 1200 3
    H
    cmH 1000 g 1m m

    Part (a)

    Gas particles in a stack flow upward. Those at the center of the stack travel at the highest
    velocity since they are furthest from the walls. Consequently, to find the maximum diameter of a
    catalyst particle, we consider one at the center of the stack. Catalysts that are lost do not rise up
    with the rest of the gas; rather, they fall at terminal velocity in the stack and have an acceleration
    of zero. The sum of the forces acting on one in the y-direction must be equal to zero. The
    gravitational force is pulling the catalysts down, and the buoyant and kinetic (drag) forces are
    pushing them up.

    X
    Fy = F − Fg = 0
    4 3 4 3
    = πR ρg g + 2πµRv∞ + 4πµRv∞ − πR ρc g =0
    |3 {z } | {z } | {z }
    form drag friction drag
    |3 {z }
    buoyant force weight of catalyst
    4
    = πR3 g(ρg − ρc ) + 6πµRv∞ = 0
    3

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    BSL Transport Phenomena 2e Revised: Chapter 2 - Problem 2A.4 Page 2 of 2

    Figure 1: Free body diagram of a catalyst particle at the center of a stack. Define upward forces
    to be positive.

    Solve this equation for the radius R.


    s
    6µv∞ 3
    R= ·
    g(ρc − ρg ) 4
    s
    9µv∞
    =
    2g(ρc − ρg )
    s
    9(2.6 × 10−5 Pa · s)(0.3049 m/s)
    ≈
    2(9.81 m/s2 )(1200 − 0.7203) kg/m3
    ≈ 5.5 × 10−5 m

    The diameter is twice the radius.


    D = 2R ≈ 2(5.5 × 10−5 m)
    1 micron
    ≈ 1.1 × 10−4 
    ×
    m = 110 microns
    10−6 
    m
    
    Part (b)

    Calculate the Reynolds number.

    Dv∞ ρg (1.1 × 10−4 m)(0.3049 m/s)(0.7203 kg/m3 )


    Re = ≈
    µ (2.6 × 10−5 Pa · s)
    ≈ 0.93

    Since the Reynolds number is less than 1, Stokes’ law is valid.

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