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Panas Bahan Masuk Dari Spray Dryer

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3.

spray dryer

Panas bahan masuk dari Spray Dryer


Assumsi Relatif 1
1. Menentukan Suhu Wet Bulb Udara ( tw ) Humidity : %
Pers. 8.29, Badger hal. 383 :

dengan :
heat transfer coefficient dari udara ke
hG = permukaan basah
temperatur dry
tG = bulb udara
temperatur wet
tw = bulb udara
mass transfer coefficient dari permukaan
kG = basah ke udara
panas latent udara basah pada temperatur
λw = wet bulb
humidity pada temperatur wet
Ww = bulb udara
humidity pada temperatur dry
WG = bulb udara

Dari Badger tabel 8 - 1, untuk sistim udara - air :

= 0,26

Di rencanakan :
R
o
Udara masuk dari Spray Dryer pada suhu tG = 110 C H = 1%
R
o
Trial suhu wet bulb udara, tw = 90 C H = 3%
Dari Humidity Chart :
o
(Psychro
Pada tG = 110 C   WG = 0,009 lb H2O / lb udara kering Chart)
o
(Psychro
Pada tw = 90 C   Ww = 0,014 lb H2O / lb udara kering Chart)
Ww - W G = 0,0140 - 0,0090
= 0,005 lb H2O / lb udara kering

Dari Badger steam table app X hal 645 :


λw
o o
Pada tw = 90 C = 194 F ; = 980,800 Btu / lb

hG 1
Φ = x ( tG - tw )
29 kG λw
0,2600
= 110 - 90
980,80
= 0,005 lb H2O / lb udara kering
o
[Benar
Dari perhitungan diatas, Ww - Wg ≈ Φ , maka trial t w 90 C ]

Mencari suhu udara keluar

NTU = ln (tG1 - tw)

(tG2
-
tW)

Dimana :

NTU = total number transfer unit (1.5 - 2) ditetapkan NTU = 1,5

tG1 = suhu udara masuk dryer

tG2 = suhu udara keluar dryer

11
1,5 = ln ( 0 - 90 )

( tG2 - 90 )

tG2 - 90 = 20

4,4817
403,
4,4817 tG2 = 20 + 4
tG2 = 94,4626

= 95 °C

maka suhu keluar spray dryer = 95 °C

A. Entalpi filtrat masuk Spray Dryer

Suhu refference = 25 °C = 298,15 °K


Suhu bahan masuk = 30 °C = 303,15 °K

T
Cp dT Ca(OH)2 = A ( T- Tref)

T ref

= 21,40 ( 303,15 - 298,15)

= 107,0000 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT Mg(OH)2 = A ( T- Tref)

T ref

= 18,20 ( 303,15 - 298,15)

= 91,0000 kkal/kmol

T A ( T- (T2-
Cp dT NaCl(l) = + B
∫ Tref) Tref2)
T ref 2
(303,15 -
= 10,79 + 0,0042 (303,15^2-298,15^2)
298,15)
2
= 53,9500 + 6,314

= 60,2637 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT Na2SiO3(aq) = A(T-Tref) + B (T2-Tref2) + C [ 1 - 1

T ref 2 T Tref

= 63,78 (303,15-298,15) + 0,01171 (303,15^2-2985^2)


2

+ -1678000 1 - 1
[ 303,1 ]
298,15
5

= 318,9000 + 17,6031 + 92,82598676

= 429,3290 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT H2O(l) = A(T-Tref)

T ref

= 4,142 (303,15-298,15)

= 20,7100 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT Na2SO4(aq) = A(T-Tref)

T ref

= 32,8 (303,15-298,15)

= 164,0000 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT kkal/kmol
komponen ∫
T ref        
Ca(OH)2(aq) 107,0000
Mg(OH)2(aq) 91,0000
NaCl(aq) 60,2637
Na2SO4(aq) 164,0000
Na2SiO3(aq) 429,3290
H2O(l) 20,7100

Laju produk masuk Spray Dryer :

Komponen Berat (kg/jam) BM kmol/jam


Ca(OH)2(aq) 0,7454 74 0,0101
Mg(OH)2(aq) 0,8180 58 0,0141
NaCl(aq) 2,8205 58,5 0,0482
Na2SO4(aq) 5,6409 142 0,0397
Na2SiO3(aq) 6479,3867 122 53,1097
H2O(l) 29214,2706 18 1623,0150

Entalpi produk masuk Spray Dryer : (∆ H = m . Cp .∆ T)

∆ kkal/ja
H Ca(OH)2(aq) = 0,0101 x 107,0000 = 1,0779 m
∆ kkal/ja
H Mg(OH)2(aq) = 0,0141 x 91,0000 = 1,2833 m
∆ kkal/ja
H NaCl(aq) = 0,0482 x 60,2637 = 2,9055 m
∆ kkal/ja
H Na2SO4(aq) = 0,0397 x 164,0000 = 6,5149 m
∆ kkal/ja
H Na2SiO3(aq) = 53,1097 x 429,3290 = 22801,5482 m
∆ kkal/ja
H H2O(l) = 1623,0150 x 20,7100 = 33612,6414 m
kkal/ja
Entalpi total   = 56425,9711 m

B. Entalpi udara kering masuk ke spray dryer


W
Berat udara kering masuk = udara
° 0,009 kg uap/kg
Humidity udara 110 C = 0 udara (Psychrometric Chart)
0,009 kg uap air/kg udara
( RH = 1% ) = 0 kering
(Geankoplis app A3 hal 873-
Cp udara pada 110 °C = 0,25 kkal/kg°C 874)
(Geankoplis app A3 hal 873-
Cp uap air pada 110 °C = 0,46 kkal/kg°C 874)
(Badger steam table app X
λ H2O pada suhu 110 °C = 958,6 kkal/kg°C hal 645)

∆H udara = m x Cp x ∆t
∆H udara kering = berat udara x Cp x ∆t
= W udara x 0,25 x ( 110 - 25 )
= 21,25 W udara kkal

∆H uap air = [(m x Cp x ∆t) + (m x λ)]


∆H uap air = [(m x Cp x ∆t) + (m x λ)]
W W
= [( 0,0090 udara x 0,46 x ( 110 - 25 ) ) + ( 0,009 udara x 958,6
W
= 8,9793 udara kkal
∆H total udara masuk = 30,2293 W udara kkal

C. Entalpi produk keluar Spray Dryer ke screw conveyor

Suhu refference = 25 °C = 298,15 °K


Suhu bahan keluar = 30 °C = 303,15 °K
T
Cp dT Ca(OH)2 = A ( T- Tref)

T ref

= 21,40 ( 303,15 - 298,15)

= 107,0000 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT Mg(OH)2 = A ( T- Tref)

T ref

= 18,20 ( 303,15 - 298,15)

= 91,0000 kkal/kmol

T A ( T- (T2-
Cp dT NaCl(l) = + B
∫ Tref) Tref2)
T ref 2
( 303,15 -
= 10,79 + 0,0042 (303,15^2-298,15^2)
298,15)
2
= 53,9500 + 6,314
= 60,2637 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT Na2SiO3(s) = A(T-Tref) + B (T2-Tref2) + C [ 1 - 1

T ref 2 T Tref

= 63,78 (303,15-298,15) + 0,01171 (303,15^2-2985^2)


2

+ -1678000 1 - 1
[ 303,1 ]
298,15
5

= 318,9000 + 17,6031 + 92,82598676

= 429,3290 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT H2O (l) = A(T-Tref)

T ref

= 4,142 (303,15-298,15)
= 20,7100 kkal/kmol

T
Cp dT Na2SO4(s) = A(T-Tref)

T ref

= 32,8 (303,15-298,15)
= 164,0000 kkal/kmol
T Cp dT (kkal/mol)
Komponen
∫ Treff        
Ca(OH)2(s) 107,0000
Mg(OH)2(s) 91,0000
NaCl(s) 60,2637
Na2SO4(s) 164,0000
Na2SiO3(s) 429,3290
H2O (l) 20,7100

Laju produk keluar Spray Dryer :


Komponen Berat (kg/jam) BM kmol/jam
Ca(OH)2(s) 0,7082 74 0,0096
Mg(OH)2(s) 0,7771 58 0,0134
NaCl(s) 2,6794 58,5 0,0458
Na2SO4(s) 5,3589 142 0,0377
Na2SiO3(s) 6155,4173 122 50,4542
H2O (l) 292,1427 18 16,2302

Entalpi produk keluar Spray Dryer : (∆ H = m . Cp .∆ T)

∆H Ca(OH)2(s) = 0,0096 x 107,0000 = 1,0240 kkal/jam


∆H Mg(OH)2(s) = 0,0134 x 91,0000 = 1,2192 kkal/jam
∆H NaCl(s) = 0,0458 x 60,2637 = 2,7602 kkal/jam
∆H Na2SO4(s) = 0,0377 x 164,0000 = 6,1891 kkal/jam
∆H Na2SiO3(s) = 50,4542 x 429,3290 = 21661,4708 kkal/jam
∆H H2O (l) = 16,2302 x 20,7100 = 336,1264 kkal/jam
Entalpi total   = 22008,7897 kkal/jam

D. Entalpi produk ke Cyclone


Suhu refference = 25 °C = 298,15 °K
Suhu bahan masuk = 30 °C = 303,15 °K

T d
Cp Ca(OH)2 = A ( T- Tref)
∫ T
T ref

= 21,40 ( 370,15 - 298,15)

= 107 kkal/kmol

T d
Cp Mg(OH)2 = A ( T- Tref)
∫ T
T ref

= 18,20 ( 370,15 - 298,15)


= 91 kkal/kmol

T d NaCl
Cp = A ( T- Tref) + B ( T2 - Tref2)
∫ T (s)
T ref 2
= 10,79 + ( 370,15 - 298,15) + 0,0042 ( 370,152 - 298,152)
2
= 53,9500 + 6,3137

= 60,2637 kkal/kmol

T d A ( T- ( T2 -
Cp Na2SiO3 = + B + C [ 1 - 1 ]
∫ T Tref) Tref2)
T ref 2 T Tref
( 370,15 -
= 63,78 + 0,011710
298,15) ( 370,152 - 298,152)
2
+ -1678000 [ 1 - 1 ]
303,
298,15
2

= 318,9000 + 17,6031 + 92,8260

= 429,3290 kkal/kmol

T d
Cp Na2SO4 = A ( T- Tref)
∫ T
T ref

= 32,80 ( 370,15 - 298,15)

= 164 kkal/kmol

T d A ( T- ( T2 -
Cp H2O (g) = + B + C [ 1 - 1 ]
∫ T Tref) Tref2)
T ref 2 T Tref

( 370,15 -
= 8,22 + 0,00015
298,15) ( 370,152 - 298,152)
2

+ 0,00000134 [ 1 - 1 ]
303,
298,15
2

= 41,1000 + 0,2255 + -0,00000000007413


= 41,3255 kkal/kmol

T Cp dT (kkal/mol)
Komponen
∫ Treff        
Ca(OH)2   107,0000
Mg(OH)2   91,0000
NaCl   60,2637
Na2SiO3   429,3290
Na2SO4   164,0000
H2O     41,3255

Laju produk ke Cyclone :


Komponen Berat (kg/jam) BM kmol/jam
Ca(OH)2   0,0373 74,1 0,0005
Mg(OH)2   0,0409 58,34 0,0007
NaCl   0,1410 58,45 0,0024
Na2SiO3   0,2820 122 0,0023
Na2SO4   323,9693 120 2,6997
H2O     28922,1279 18 1606,7849

Entalpi produk ke Cyclone : (∆ H = m . Cp .∆ T)

∆ kkal/ja
H Ca(OH)2 = 0,0005 x 107,0000 = 0,0538 m
∆ kkal/ja
H Mg(OH)2 = 0,0007 x 91,0000 = 0,0638 m
∆ kkal/ja
H NaCl = 0,0024 x 60,2637 = 0,1454 m
∆ kkal/ja
H Na2SiO3 = 0,0023 x 429,3290 = 0,9925 m
∆ kkal/ja
H Na2SO4 = 2,6997 x 164,0000 = 442,7581 m
∆ kkal/ja
H H2O = 1606,7849 x 41,3255 = 66401,1687 m
kkal/ja
Entalpi total   = 66845,1823 m

E. Entalpi udara basah keluar spray dryer ke cyclone


Berat uap air pada = 95 °C
( RH = 7% ) = 0,011 kg uap/kg udara (Psychrometric Chart)
= 0,011 kg uap air/kg udara kering
Cp udara pada 95 °C = 0,24 kkal/kg°C (Geankoplis app A3 hal 87
Cp uap air pada 95 °C = 0,46 kkal/kg°C (Geankoplis app A3 hal 87
λ uap air
pada 95 °C = 974,6 kkal/kg°C (Badger steam table app X

∆H
udara
∆H udara kering = m x Cp x ∆t
= berat udara x Cp x ∆t
9
= W udara x 0,24 x ( 5 - 25 )
= 16,8 W udara kkal
∆H uap
air
∆H uap air = [(m x Cp x ∆t) + (m x λ)]
[
= ( 0,011 W udara x 0,46 x ( 95 - 25) ) +
( 0,011 W udara x 974,6 )]
kka
∆H udara keluar = 11,07 W udara l
kka
∆H total udara keluar = 27,87 W udara l

F. Entalpi panas hilang


panas hilang = 5% (∆H bahan masuk + ∆H udara masuk)
W
Q loss = 5% ( 56425,971 + 30,2293 udara )
= 2821,2986 + 1,5115 W udara

maka
:
(∆H bahan masuk + ∆H udara masuk) = (∆H bahan keluar + ∆H udara udara keluar +
Q loss + ∆H
Cyclone)
56425,9711 + 30,2293 W udara = 22008,7897 + 27,8748 W +
udara
W 66845,182
( 2821,2986 + 1,5115 udara) + 3
0,8430 W udara = 35249,29942
kmol/ja
W udara = 41812,3796 m
W udara = 1205869,027 kg/jam
Q
loss = 2821,2986 + ( 1,5115 x 41812,3796 )

= 66019,2469 kkal/jam

Neraca panas Spray Dryer

Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)

     

∆H bahan masuk 56425,9711 ∆H bahan keluar 22008,7897


1165511,71
∆H udara masuk 1263958,9659 ∆H udara keluar 82

    ∆H cyclone 66845,1823
Q
    loss 66019,2469
Tot 1320384,93
Total       1320384,9370 al       70

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