Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 46 views

    Inclusive Growth in India: The State and Education

    Uploaded by

    John Doe
    This document discusses the history of education in India since independence in 1947. It outlines several problems that arose, including social hierarchy that discriminated based on caste and gender, lack of funding and resources for education, and inequality between social classes in access to education. The document also discusses some political challenges like instability after partition and language conflicts. It then outlines some solutions the government implemented, such as establishing compulsory education, mid-day meal programs, and the Right to Education Act. Finally, it provides recommendations like following models from other fast-growing countries and increasing access to education for women.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Inclusive Growth in India: The State and Education

    Uploaded by

    John Doe
    46 views4 pages
    This document discusses the history of education in India since independence in 1947. It outlines several problems that arose, including social hierarchy that discriminated based on caste and gender, lack of funding and resources for education, and inequality between social classes in access to education. The document also discusses some political challenges like instability after partition and language conflicts. It then outlines some solutions the government implemented, such as establishing compulsory education, mid-day meal programs, and the Right to Education Act. Finally, it provides recommendations like following models from other fast-growing countries and increasing access to education for women.

    Original Title

    PS3

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses the history of education in India since independence in 1947. It outlines several problems that arose, including social hierarchy that discriminated based on caste and gender, lack of funding and resources for education, and inequality between social classes in access to education. The document also discusses some political challenges like instability after partition and language conflicts. It then outlines some solutions the government implemented, such as establishing compulsory education, mid-day meal programs, and the Right to Education Act. Finally, it provides recommendations like following models from other fast-growing countries and increasing access to education for women.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views4 pages

    Inclusive Growth in India: The State and Education

    Uploaded by

    John Doe
    This document discusses the history of education in India since independence in 1947. It outlines several problems that arose, including social hierarchy that discriminated based on caste and gender, lack of funding and resources for education, and inequality between social classes in access to education. The document also discusses some political challenges like instability after partition and language conflicts. It then outlines some solutions the government implemented, such as establishing compulsory education, mid-day meal programs, and the Right to Education Act. Finally, it provides recommendations like following models from other fast-growing countries and increasing access to education for women.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    SPHOORTY

    2016IPM105
    14 September 2018

    Inclusive Growth In India


    The State and Education
    Background

    India gets its Independence in the year 1947. Jawaharlal Nehru becomes the first prime

    minister with a huge responsibility of development of the country which is a poor agrarian

    society which was facing famines. The land was divided into two, India and Pakistan with

    millions of people displacing, violence and riots all over the country. The death toll had risen

    to 1.5 million. Hence the solution for all these problems was the reformation of state weak

    public policy.

    Congress was famed by agreements between the princely states leaders and political leaders

    which lead to a lot of diversified ideologies, religions, castes within the party. Nehruji was

    elected as the first prime minister, and he mainly concentrated on economic modernisation,

    technical planning and establishment of modern secular states. Indira Gandhi became the

    prime minister, and she placed her family members at essential positions in the party to

    counter the challenges to her authority.

    In this period, government regulated everything, and hence because of import taxes and

    quotas there wasn’t much trade which leads to lower per capita GDP. It took more than ten

    years to get the reforms right for opening up of business in our country for foreign direct

    investments and liberalisation. 


    Later in 2014, the country was facing inflation and stalled growth and, this was when

    PS TERM-VII !1
    Narendra Modi came into power as the prime minister. Later in 2014, the country was facing

    inflation and stalled growth and, this was when Narendra Modi came into power as the prime

    minister.

    The Kingdon’s Framework

    PROBLEM

    The identification of the problem for a policy change is the first step in kingdon's model.

    • Education:

    Its a very crucial component and our country India has been trying to gain the firm grip
    over education system for development since independence. Lack of knowledge leads to
    problems like

    - unemployment

    -scarcity of skilled labour

    -slow growth

    • Going back in time, in 1941 the literacy rate was 10% which increased to 15% in 1951.
    After the British Raj, our country faced many problems in setting up a neutral, equal, stable
    education system for all the citizens. There were issues related to 

    -social hierarchy: differentiation based on caste and religion

    -women empowerment: dowry system, discrimination and hence low investment put in for
    educating women.

    -Lack of involvement of teachers to teach children.

    • The government after 1964 always used to set high unachievable goals, like increasing the
    spending on education to more than 6% of GDP. But, these set goals are never completed
    on time.

    • States were divided by language, hence making the national language ‘Hindi’ compulsory
    in all countries lead to protests and hurt the language-sensitive societies creating more
    problems.

    PS TERM-VII !2
    • The elite would make sure their children got the best education, and this was opposite to the
    weaker section of the society. Hence the social inequality kept on increasing.

    • Privatisation also had a significant impact as, most of the well-earning section of the
    society started enrolling their kids in private schools, because of lack of facilities and
    infrastructures.

    • Further, as the SC’s and ST’s had to fight and tackle a lot for gaining equal opportunities
    that of the general category, their reservation was increased from 23% to 50%. This was
    also, incorporated in education system leading to havocs and protests. 

    


    POLITICAL

    • The voting system right after independence wasn’t that efficient, and hence there was a
    system of delivery of votes in exchange of state resources. Thus, the zamindars would
    exploit this opportunity by imposing taxes on innocent citizens.

    • The division of India and Pakistan, Indira Gandhi ’s the blue operation star which offended
    the Sikhs, lead to riots and the country’s stability was at stake.

    • P V Narasimha Rao played an important role along with his finance minister Manmohan
    Singh in opening up the trade which helped in the rapid growth in GDP mainly comprising
    of the service sector.

    • During Narendra Modi’s regime in Gujarat minorities, mainly the Muslims faced problems
    bf the train with religious pilgrims was set on fire which is still a scar in his record. He was
    more of an individual who preferred form grip on leaders and had asked bureaucrats to
    report directly to him. When he became the prime minister, he preferred direct control over
    policy-making which lead to the establishment of the new institution called NITI.

    • He concentrated more on social issues like gender equality, swatch Bharat, the safety of
    women undermine the importance of women an ignoring the logic given by Amartya sen
    regarding how literacy is directly proportional to the growth of the country.

    

    SOLUTION/POLICY

    PS TERM-VII !3
    • The first solution to the language related problem was the National Policy on Education
    which said that the states could teach three subjects which include English, Hindi and their
    regional language.

    • Establishment of a rule of compulsory education for children till 14 years made the
    situation better than worse in the beginning.

    • As many reforms like the introduction of Sarva Siksha Abhiyaan (SSA) made it possible to
    attract students especially in rural areas to come and enrol themselves in school to gain an
    education

    • The mid-day meal was another incentive for students to attend schools.

    • Women association were given the power to keep a check on teachers who were teaching.
    Hence there was a circle of information where these women would identify the problem,
    convey it to the teachers and then the teachers would try to fix or solve the problem.

    • The Right to Education Act in the 21st century for the provision of free education to
    students till 14 years has made it possible for many parents to send their aspiring kids to
    schools s now its free, and they can afford it.


    Recommendations

    • Following the path of fast-growing East Asian Countries who took advantage of
    demographic dividends in the 1970’s to 1980’s.

    • Reduction in the percentage of seats reserved for SC’s and ST’s to now give an incentive to
    general people to gain higher education leading to contribution. In the growth of the
    country.

    • Increasing opportunities for women and their employment, ensuring their safety at
    workplaces and even at educational institutions.

    • Making the bureaucracy at the local level more efficient and lowering the hierarchical
    barriers which our country has been doing since impotence.

    • If the country becomes literate, there will be more economic growth to gain the market
    hegemony which we have been trying since independence.

    PS TERM-VII !4

    You might also like