General Requirements For Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric)
General Requirements For Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric)
METRIC
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1
A 510M
TABLE 1 Suggested Diameters for Steel Wire, mm 4.1.1 Quantity (kilograms or megagrams),
4.1.2 Name of material (wire rods),
0.90 6.0 4.1.3 Diameter (Table 2),
1.00 6.5
1.10 7.0 4.1.4 Chemical composition grade number (Table 3, Table
1.20 7.5 4, Table 5, and Table 6),
1.30 8.0 4.1.5 Packaging,
1.40 8.5
1.60 9.0 4.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue, and
1.80 9.5 4.1.7 Special requirements, if any_____.
2.0 10.0
2.1 11.0 NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: 50 000 kg Steel
2.2 12.0 Wire Rods, 5.5 mm, Grade G10100 in approximately 600-kg Coils to
2.4 13.0 ASTM A 510M-XX.
2.5 14.0
2.6 15.0 4.2 Orders for coarse round wire under this specification
2.8 16.0 shall include the following information:
3.0 17.0
3.2 18.0 4.2.1 Quantity (kilograms or pieces),
3.5 19.0 4.2.2 Name of material (uncoated carbon steel wire),
3.8 20.0 4.2.3 Diameter (Table 1),
4.0 21.0
4.2 22.0 4.2.4 Length (straightened and cut only),
4.5 23.0 4.2.5 Chemical composition (Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and
4.8 24.0
5.0 25.0
Table 6),
5.5 4.2.6 Packaging,
4.2.7 ASTM designation and date of issue, and
4.2.8 Special requirements, if any.
in the diameter of the wire. The extent of the changes in the NOTE 3—A typical ordering description is as follows: 15 000 kg
properties of the wire after cold straightening depends upon the Uncoated Carbon Steel Wire, 3.8 mm diameter, Grade G10080 in 1000-kg
kind of wire and also on the normal variation in the adjust- Coils on Tubular Carriers, to ASTM A 510M-XX, or
2500 Pieces, Carbon Steel Wire, 9.5 mm diameter, Straightened and Cut,
ments of the straightening equipment. It is therefore not 0.76 m, Grade G10500, in 25-Piece Bundles on Pallets to ASTM A
possible to forecast the properties of straightened and cut wire. 510M-XX.
Each kind of wire needs individual consideration. In most
cases, the application of straightened and cut wire is not 5. Manufacture
seriously influenced by these changes. 5.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
3.1.6 wire rods—rods that are hot rolled from billets to an steel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
approximately round cross section and into coils of one strand cast.
continuous length. Rods are not comparable to hot-rolled bars
in accuracy of cross section or surface finish and as a 6. Chemical Composition
semi-finished product are intended primarily for the manufac- 6.1 The chemical composition for steel under this specifi-
ture of wire. cation shall conform to the requirements set forth in the
3.1.7 Discussion—Table 2 shows the nominal diameter for purchase order. Chemical compositions are specified by ranges
hot-rolled wire rods. Sizes are shown in 0.5-mm increments or limits for carbon and other elements. The grades commonly
from 5.5 to 19 mm. specified for carbon steel wire rods and coarse round wire are
shown in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6.
4. Ordering Information 6.2 Cast or Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall
4.1 Orders for hot-rolled wire rods under this specification be made by the producer to determine the percentage of the
should include the following information: elements specified. The analysis shall be made from a test
sample, preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. The
chemical composition thus determined shall be reported, if
TABLE 2 Sizes of Wire Rods, mm required, to the purchaser or his representative.
6.3 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by
5.5 12.5
6 13 the purchaser. The analysis is not used for a duplicate analysis
6.5 13.5 to confirm a previous result. The purpose of the product
7 14 analysis is to verify that the chemical composition is within
7.5 14.5
8 15 specified limits for each element, including applicable permis-
8.5 15.5 sible variations in product analysis. The results of analyses
9 16 taken from different pieces of a heat may differ within
9.5 16.5
10 17 permissible limits from each other and from the heat analysis.
10.5 17.5 Table 7 shows the permissible variations for product analysis
11 18 of carbon steel. The results of the product analysis, except lead,
11.5 18.5
12 19 shall not vary both above and below the permissible limits.
6.3.1 Rimmed or capped steels are characterized by a lack
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A 510M
TABLE 3 Nonresulfurized Carbon Steel Cast or Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits
NOTE 1—Silicon—When silicon is required the following ranges and limits are commonly used for nonresulfurized carbon steels: 0.10 max %, 0.07
to 0.15 %, 0.10 to 0.20 %, 0.15 to 0.35 %, 0.20 to 0.40 %, or 0.30 to 0.60 %.
NOTE 2—Copper—When required, copper is specified as an added element.
NOTE 3—Lead—When lead is required as an added element, a range from 0.15 to 0.35 % is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter
“L” between the second and third numerals of the grade number, for example, 10L18.
NOTE 4—Boron Addition to Improve Hardenability—Standard killed carbon steels, which are fine grain, may be produced with a boron addition to
improve hardenability. Such steels are produced to a range of 0.0005 to 0.003 % boron. These steels are identified by inserting the letter “B” between
the second and third numerals of the grade number, for example, 10B46. The UNS designation is also modified by changing the last digit to “1” to indicate
boron, for example, G 10461.
NOTE 5—Boron Additions to Control Strain-Ageing Behavior—Intentional additions of Boron to low carbon steels for the purpose of controlling
strain-ageing behavior during wire drawing is permissible only with the agreement of the purchaser. In such cases, the Boron content shall be reported
in either a material test report or certification.
of uniformity in their chemical composition, especially for the 6.3.2 Because of the degree to which phosphorus and sulfur
elements carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur, and for this reason segregate, product analysis for these elements is not techno-
product analysis is not technologically appropriate for these logically appropriate for rephosphorized or resulfurized steels,
elements unless misapplication is clearly indicated. or both, unless misapplication is clearly indicated.
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A 510M
TABLE 4 Nonresulfurized Carbon Steel, High Manganese, Cast or Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits
NOTE 1—Silicon—When silicon is required the following ranges and limits are commonly used for nonresulfurized carbon steels: 0.10 max %, 0.07
to 0.15 %, 0.10 to 0.20 %, 0.15 to 0.35 %, 0.20 to 0.40 %, or 0.30 to 0.60 %.
NOTE 2—Copper—When required, copper is specified as an added element.
NOTE 3—Lead—When lead is required as an added element a range from 0.15 to 0.35 % is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter
“L’’ between the second and third numerals of the grade number, for example, 15L18.
TABLE 5 Resulfurized Carbon Steels, Cast or Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits
NOTE 1—Silicon—When silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used: Up to 1110, incl, 0.10 max %, 1116 and over, 0.10
max %, 0.10 to 0.20 %, or 0.15 to 0.35 %.
NOTE 2—Because of the degree to which sulfur segregates, products analysis for sulfur in resulfurized carbon steel is not technologically appropriate
unless misapplication is clearly indicated.
6.3.3 The location at which chips for product analysis are product analysis, the samples should consist of pieces of the
obtained from the sample is important because of segregation. full cross section.
For rods and wire, chips must be taken by milling or machining 6.3.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods E 30 shall be used.
the full cross section of the sample.
6.3.3.1 Steel subjected to certain heat treating operations by 7. Metallurgical Structure
the purchaser may not give chemical analysis results that 7.1 Grain size, when specified, shall be determined in
properly represent its original composition. Therefore, pur- accordance with the requirements of Test Methods E 112.
chasers should analyze chips taken from the steel in the 7.2 Wire rods of the steel grades listed in Table 3, when
condition in which it is received from the producer. supplied in the “as-rolled’’ condition, shall not contain injuri-
6.3.3.2 When samples are returned to the producer for ous microconstituents such as untempered martensite.
4
A 510M
TABLE 6 Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon Steel Cast or Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits
NOTE 1—It is not common practice to produce the 12XX series of steel to specified limits for silicon. Silicon impairs machineability.
NOTE 2—Because of the degree to which phosphorus and sulfur segregate, product analysis for phosphorus and sulfur in the 12XX series steel is not
technologically appropriate unless misapplication is clearly indicated.
TABLE 7 Permissible Variations for Product Analysis of Carbon TABLE 8 Permissible Variation in Diameter for Wire Rod in Coils
Steel
NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this specifi-
cation, all specified limits in this table are absolute limits as defined in
Element Limit, or Max of Over Under
Specified Range, % Max Min
Practice E 29.
Limit, % Limit, %
Carbon 0.25 and under 0.02 0.02 Diameter of Permissible Permissible
over 0.25 to 0.55, incl 0.03 0.03 Rod, mm Variation, Plus Out-of-Round,
over 0.55 0.04 0.04 and Minus, mm mm
Manganese 0.90 and under 0.03 0.03 5.5 to 19 0.40 0.60
over 0.90 to 1.65, incl 0.06 0.06
Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.008 ...
Sulfur to 0.060, incl 0.008 ...
Silicon 0.35 and under 0.02 0.02 9.2 The diameter and out-of-roundness of the coarse round
over 0.35 to 0.60, incl 0.05 0.05
Copper A
under minimum only ... 0.02 wire and straightened and cut wire shall not vary from that
LeadB 0.15 to 0.35, incl 0.03 0.03 specified by more than that prescribed in Table 9.
A
Product analysis permissible variations for copper apply only when the amount 9.3 The length of straightened and cut wire shall not vary
of copper is specified or required. Copper bearing steels typically specify 0.20 % from that specified by more than that prescribed in Table 10.
min copper.
B
Product analysis permissible variations for lead apply only when the amount of
9.4 The burrs formed in cutting straightened and cut wire
lead is specified or required. A range from 0.15 to 0.35 % lead is normally specified shall not exceed the diameter specified by more than that
for leaded steels. prescribed in Table 11.
8. Mechanical Properties 10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
8.1 The properties enumerated in individual specifications 10.1 The wire rod shall be free of detrimental surface
shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods and imperfections, tangles, and sharp kinks.
Definitions A 370. 10.1.1 Two or more rod coils may be welded together to
8.2 Because of the great variety in the kinds of wire and the produce a larger coil. The weld zone may not be as sound as the
extensive diversity of end uses, a number of formal mechanical original material. The mechanical properties existing in the
test procedures have been developed. These tests are used as
control tests by producers during the intermediate stages of TABLE 9 Permissible Variation in Diameter for Uncoated Coarse
wire processing, as well as for final testing of the finished Round Wire
product, and apply particularly to specification wire and wires
NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this specifi-
for specific applications. A number of these tests are further cation, all specified limits in this table are absolute limits as defined in
described in Supplement IV, Round Wire Products, of Test Practice E 29.
Methods and Definitions A 370. In Coils
8.3 Since the general utility of rods and wire requires
Diameter of Permissible Permissible
continuity of length, in the case of rods, tests are commonly Wire, mm Variation, Plus Out-of-Round,
made on samples taken from the ends of coils after removing and Minus, mm mm
two to three rings. In the case of wire, tests are commonly 0.90 to under 1.90 0.03 0.03
made on samples taken from the ends of coils, thereby not 1.90 to under 12.5 0.05 0.05
12.5 and over 0.08 0.08
impairing the usefulness of the whole coil.
Straightened and Cut
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations 0.90 to under 1.90 0.03 0.03
9.1 The diameter and out-of-roundness of the wire rod shall 1.90 to under 3.80 0.05 0.05
3.80 to under 12.5 0.08 0.08
not vary from that specified by more than that prescribed in 12.5 and over 0.10 0.10
Table 8.
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A 510M
TABLE 10 Permissible Variation in Length for Straightened and rejection, however, it is frequently advisable to base final
Cut Wire decision on an actual trial of the material to determine whether
NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this specifi- or not it will do the job for which it is intended.
cation, all specified limits in this table are absolute limits as defined in
Practice E 29. 12. Inspection
12.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector
Cut Length, m Permissible Variations,
Plus and Minus, mm
all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the
material being produced and furnished is in accordance with
Under 1.0 1.6
1.0 to 4.0 2.4 this specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall not
Over 4.0 3.0 interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations. All
tests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,
unless otherwise agreed upon.
TABLE 11 Permissible Variation for Burrs for Straightened and
Cut Wire 13. Rejection and Rehearing
NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this specifi- 13.1 Any rejection based on tests made in accordance with
cation, all specified limits in this table are absolute limits as defined in this specification shall be reported to the producer within a
Practice E 29. reasonable length of time. The material must be adequately
protected and correctly identified in order that the producer
Diameter of Wire, mm Permissible Variations,
over Measured Diam-
may make a proper investigation.
eter, mm
Up to 3.0, incl 0.10
14. Certification
Over 3.0 to 6.5, incl 0.15 14.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,
Over 6.5 to 12.5, incl 0.20
Over 12.5 0.25
a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufac-
tured and tested in accordance with this specification together
with a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time of
weld material may differ from those in the unaffected base shipment.
metal. The weld may exceed the standard dimensional permis- 14.2 The certification shall include the specification num-
sible variations on the minus side and must be within the ber, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.
permissible variations on the plus side.
10.2 The wire as received shall be smooth and substantially 15. Packaging and Package Marking
free from rust, shall not be kinked or improperly cast. No 15.1 A tag shall be securely attached to each coil or bundle
detrimental die marks or scratches may be present. Each coil and shall be marked with the size, ASTM specification number,
shall be one continuous length of wire. Welds made during cold heat or cast number, grade number, and name or mark of the
drawing are permitted. manufacturer.
10.3 The straightened and cut wire shall be substantially 15.2 When specified in the purchase order, packaging,
straight and not be kinked or show excessive spiral marking. marking, and loading for shipments shall be in accordance with
those procedures recommended by Practices A 700.
11. Number of Tests and Retests 15.3 Bar Coding—In addition to the previously-stated
11.1 The difficulties in obtaining truly representative identification requirements, bar coding is acceptable as a
samples of wire rod and coarse round wire without destroying supplementary identification method. Bar coding should be
the usefulness of the coil of wire account for the generally consistent with AIAG B-5 02.00, Primary Metals Identification
accepted practice of allowing retests for mechanical tests and Tag Application. The bar code may be applied to a substantially
surface examination. An additional test piece is cut from each affixed tag.
end of the coil from which the original sample was taken. A
portion of the coil may be discarded prior to cutting the sample 16. Keywords
for retest. If any of the retests fail to comply with the 16.1 carbon; coarse round wire; general; metric; straight-
requirements, the coil of wire may be rejected. Before final ened and cut; weld; wire rods
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