Google Driver Less Car

Name: Adesh Shriram Jolhe

Introduction:
A self driving car is a vehicle equipped with an autopilot system, and capable of
driving from one point to another without aid from an operator. Driverless passenger car
programs include the 800 million EC EUREKA Prometheus Project on autonomous vehicles,
the? passenger vehicles from the Netherlands, the ARGO research project from Italy, the
DARPA Grand Challenge from the USA, and Google Self driving car.

The Google Driverless Car is like any car, but:

  It can steer itself while looking out for obstacles.

 It can stop and go itself based on any traffic condition.

 It is a combination of different technologies developed by Google

 That will allow a car to drive itself even on the highway

The project is currently being led by: Sebastian Thrun

 Director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

 Co-inventor of Google Street View
 Uses Google map, sensors, artificial intelligence
 Lidar produced detailed map of the environment
 Car uses white stripes on road to know lanes
 360 degree motion sensor and cameras to sense
 Control of the car still exist
 Sensors pushing data into main computer to process information

COMPONENTS:

Integrates Google Maps with various hardware sensors and artificial intelligence software

 Google Maps

Google Maps interacts with GPS and acts like a database.

I. Speed Limits.

II. Upcoming intersections.

 III. Traffic Report.

IV. Nearby collisions.

V. Directions.

 Hardware Sensors

Provides the car with real time environment conditions

 LIDAR :
o “Heart of our system“
o LIDAR is an optical remote sensing technology
o Measure the distance to, or other properties of a target
o It often using pulses from a laser.
o Scanning distance of 60 meters (~197 feet)

 VIDEO CAMERA :
o Detects upcoming traffic light.
o Recognizing moving obstacles like pedestrians and vehicles
  DISTANCE SENSOR :
o Allow the car to "see" far enough to detect nearby or upcoming cars or
obstacles
o It also contain radar

 POSITION ESTIMATOR :
o Determines vehicle's location and keeps  track of its movements.
o GPS is a space based satellite navigation system that provide location and
time information
o It is maintained by the US government
o It freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver

 Artificial Intelligence

Google Maps and the hardware sensors data are sent to the AI.

AI then determines:

o how fast to accelerate

o when to slow down/stop

o when to steer the wheel

Goal of AI : The agent's goal is to take the passenger to its desired destination safely and
legally

 Aim:
Moving to a 100% autonomous fleet has so many benefits but there are so many
obstacles to be overcome to achieve this .

1. Safety , autonomous won’t crash into each other unless multiple hardware and software
faults line up.
2. The autonomous fleet does not need:- white lines stop signs traffic lights traffic flow
control parking crash barriers lane dividers Armco railing street lights traffic police speed
cameras speed signs speed limits turn lanes aerial law enforcement driver training drivers
licences driving schools drivers and roadworthy checks and probably some other
expensive stuff I haven’t thought of ! I reckon this utopian world is 50 years away
however the all electric fleet will come first and this will help get rid of the most
dangerous part of road transport- us humans !
  Objective:
i. POSITION.
ii. REACH THE DESTINATION.
iii. CHOOSE THE SHORTEST PATH.
iv. AVOID OBSTACLES.
v. FOLLOW THE TRAFFIC RULES.
vi. BREAKS.
vii. TURNING.

 Application:
1) Intelligent transporting
2) Military applications
3) Transportation in hazardous places
4) Shipping
5) Taxi services
6) Public transportation
 Scope:
The transition to an automated transportation structure will greatly prevent many
problems caused by the traffic. Implementation of autonomous cars will allow the vehicles to be
able to use the roads more efficiently, thus saving space and time. With having automated cars,
narrow lanes will no longer be a problem and most traffic problems will be avoided to a great
extent by the help of this new technology. Research indicates that the traffic patterns will be
more predictable and less problematic with the integration of autonomous cars. Smooth traffic
flow is at the top of the wish list for countless transportation officials. Car manufacturers are
already using various driver assist systems in their high-end models and this trend is becoming
more and more common. As a result of this trend, the early co- pilot systems are expected to
gradually evolve to auto-pilots.

All developments show that one day the intelligent vehicles will be a part of our daily lives,
but it is hard to predict when. The most important factor is whether the public sector will be
proactive in taking advantage of this capability or not. The Public Sector will determine if the
benefits will come sooner rather than later. Since these assist systems are very similar with the
systems that are used in autonomous car prototypes, they are regarded as the transition elements
on the way to the implementation fully autonomous vehicles.
 Advantages:
I. *No accidents occurred by these car.
II. *Time will be saved in the traffic.
III. In night time the car its can drive.
IV. *The car itself park at the parking area.
V. *No license will be needed for driver because it is self driver

Technology Indentified:
The technological leaps and bounds we have made in recent years have finally
culminated in making self-driving cars a reality. Self-driving cars are only possible today
due to the existence of three technologies:

1: IoT Sensors

There are many types of sensors available today that make autonomous cars a reality.
Sensors for blind-spot monitoring, forward collision warning, radar, camera, LIDAR, and
ultrasonic all work together to make navigation of a self-driving car possible.

2: IoT Connectivity

Self-driving cars use cloud computing to act upon traffic data, weather, maps, adjacent
cars, and surface conditions among others. This helps them monitor their surroundings
better and make informed decisions. Self-driving cars must be connected to the internet
even if edge computing hardware can solve small computing tasks locally.

3: Software Algorithms

All the data the car collects needs to be analyzed to determine the best course of action.
This is the main function of the control algorithms and software. This is the most
complex part of the self-driving car since it has to make decisions flawlessly. A “flaw,”
like in Uber’s self-driving accident, can be fatal. 

Methodology:
1) The driver (or passenger) sets a destination. The car's software calculates a route.
2) A rotating, roof-mounted Lidar sensor monitors a 60-meter range around the car and
creates a dynamic 3D map of the car's current environment.
3) A sensor on the left rear wheel monitors sideways movement to detect the car's
position relative to the 3D map.
4) Radar systems in the front and rear bumpers calculate distances to obstacles.
 5) AI software in the car is connected to all the sensors and collects input from Google
Street View and video cameras inside the car.
6) The AI simulates human perceptual and decision-making processes and controls
actions in driver-control systems such as steering and brakes.
7) The car's software consults Google Maps for advance notice of things like
landmarks and traffic signs and lights.
8) An override function is available to allow a human to take control of the vehicle.

Observation:
In this project we propose creating a protocol (AVCP) that specifies how autonomous cars can
share their sensor data and use this information to collaboratively optimize traffic and increase
safety, without needing a central server. The idea is to propose a standard set of messages for
cars and RSUs, and rules for their behaviour. These rules will take into account, for each vehicle,
its received messages, its intent (e.g. avoid an obstacle, turn left in an intersection), and its
sensing information. The tests for the AVCP protocol will be performed on a simulated
environment, a virtual smart city where all vehicles are autonomous. We will simulate the
scenarios, using simulated self-driving cars, and compare their navigation with and without the
protocol being used to support each car’s decisions. Thus, in addition to developing the AVCP
specification, the simulation environment for the protocol will need to be created. This will
involve modifying an autonomous car driving simulator to use the protocol. The chosen
simulator was written using the C# programming language and the Unity 3D engine, and the path
planner that controls the autonomous car was written using the C++ programming language. The
simulator will be modified to support controlling multiple autonomous cars, and the path planner
will be modified to support the communication between them.
In short, the main goals of the project are:

•develop the AVCP protocol specification

•develop a simulation environment where cars can use the AVCP protocol to
communicate
•assess if by using the AVCP protocol the mean travel time of the vehicles is reduced

We will also discuss alternatives to travel time measuring for evaluating the AVCP and
other coordination protocols, such as distance driven, brakes usage and
chassis stress. At least one of them will be tested with the AVCP protocol.

Probable outputs:
With the potential for human error removed, self-driving cars will reduce
instances of accidents caused by driver error, drunk driving or distracted drivers.

Once driverless cars become commonplace on our streets, it is expected that accidents are likely
to fall by a whopping 90%.
Average commuter times in metropolitan areas in the US are currently estimated to be around 27
minutes each way.

With humans no longer involved in driving, commuters are likely to save up to an hour every
day – time that will undoubtedly have many spin-off benefits from wellbeing to boosting the
economy.

Conclusion:
It is so useful for the humans when driving the car. By the Google driverless car
can avoid the accidents on the roads and can reduce the traffic time at the traffic signals,
can prevent the drinking driving on the roads. The car itself can driver at night times also.
At the same time so many taxi drivers can lose their jobs.

References:
 John Markoff  (2010-10-09). "Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic". The New York
Times. Retrieved 2010-10-11

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Markoff

 "Nevada enacts law authorizing autonomous (driverless) vehicles". Green Car Congress.

2011-06-25. Retrieved 2011-06-25

 http://www.greencarcongress.com/2011/06/ab511-20110625.html

 Alex Knapp (2011-06-22). "Nevada Passes Law Authorizing Driverless Cars". Forbes.

Retrieved 2011-06-25.