MATHEMATICS

SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL LEARNING
ACTIVITY KIT
(SILAK)

Department of Education - MIMAROPA Region

 Grade Quarter 2 Week 6 Lesson 1
IV Performing Addition of Similar
Fractions

Similar fractions are fractions with the same denominators. They are a
group of two or more fractions that have the same denominator. Or we can say
that the fractions which have the same numbers at the bottom or denominators
are called like fractions or similar fractions.

Below are examples of similar fractions. Their denominator is 7.

1 2 5 6
7 7 7 7

How do we add similar or like fractions?

Look at this example.
What is the sum of 3 and 1?
5 5

Solution:

Step 1: Check if the fractions have the same denominator.

Step 2: Add the numerators.
3 1 4
5
+ 5
=
Step 3: Copy the denominator.
3 1 4
5
+ 5
= 5
Step 4: Simplify your answer if possible.

Here are more examples.

1 2 1+2 3
1. + = =
4 4 4 4

2 7 2+7 9
2. + = =
10 10 10 10

Page 2 of 141
 A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1

Directions: Add the following fractions. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. 3 + 1 6. 2 + 6
5 5 7 7

2. 4 + 2 7. 3 + 2
7 7 7 7

3. 3 + 2 8. 2 + 5
8 8 6 6

4. 7 + 2 9. 2 + 3
11 11 15 15
10 3 4 6
5. + 10. +
15 15 14 14

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2
Directions: Perform the indicated operation. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1 1 2 1
1. + 6. +
7 7 3 3
3 1 4 2
2. + 7. +
5 5 8 8
2 2 2 3
3. + 8. +
8 8 7 7
1 1 3 1
4. + 9. +
3 3 8 8
2 2 2 3
5. + 10. +
5 5 8 8

Page 3 of 141
 BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
Directions: Write the missing numbers. Write your answer in your notebook.

2 3 _ 3
1. + = 6. +8 =
6 6 6 12 12

2 3 5 11
2. + = 7. + =
5 5 5 17 17

3. 5 +3 = 8. 4 +7=
13 13 13 15 15

4. +5=8 9. 6 + 3 +3 =
9 9 9 24 24 24

9 11 10.
5. + = +2=
20 20 20 4 7
7

Page 4 of 141
Grade Quarter 2 Week 6 Lesson 2
IV Performing Subtraction of Similar Fractions

Read and Understand

Andre and Kathleen are Mathematics contestants. They are asked to

subtract 2 from 6. They must answer quickly before the buzzer rings.
7 7

Let us help them find the correct answer.

First, subtract the numerators then copy the common denominators.

6 2 6−2 5
- = =
7 7 7 7

Remember:

To subtract similar fractions, subtract the numerators and write the

difference over the common denominator. Then, reduce the difference to
lowest term if possible.

Study the examples below:

3 2 3−2 1 2 1 2−1 1
1. - = = 3. - = =
4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3

8 4 8−4 4 9 6 9−6 3
2. – = = 4. – = =
9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10

Page 5 of 141
A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1
Directions: Subtract the fractions in column A and find the answer in
column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your Math notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

5
1. 3 -1 A.
9 9 7

5 2 2
2. - B.
8 8 5

4 3 2
3. - C.
6 6 9

6 1 1
4. - D.
7 7 6

4 2 3
5. - E.
5 5 8

8 4 2
6. - F.
8 8 4

4 2 4
7. - G.
4 4 8

6 4 1
8. - H.
6 6 4

𝟓 2
9. 𝟕 I.
-
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 12

4 3 2
10. - J.
4 4 6

1
K.
5

Page 6 of 141
A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2

Directions: Subtract the following fractions. Reduce your answer to lowest

term if possible. Write your answer in your notebook.
10 1 9 4
` 1. - 6. -
12 12 12 12
2 1 4 2
2. - 7. -
6 6 10 10
2 1 3 2
3. - 8. -
5 5 9 9
5 2 8 4
4. - 9. -
9 9 10 10
6 1 2 1
5. - 10. -
11 11 3 3

BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3

Directions: Find the difference. Reduce your answer to lowest term if possible.
Write your answer in your notebook.
25 5
1. 5 –3 6. -
6 6 30 30

2. 7 - 3 7. 8 - 5
10 10 26 26

8 5 30 12
3. - 8. -
12 12 50 50
15 10 6 1
4. - 9. -
20 20 16 16
20 4 45 40
5. - 10. -
24 24 60 60

Page 7 of 141
Grade Quarter 2 Week 6 Lesson 3
IV Performing Addition of Dissimilar Fractions

ADDING DISSIMILAR FRACTIONS

Study the problem

Lisa bought 3 kilogram of lanzones and 1 kilogram of apples.

How many kilograms of fruits did she buy in all?

To answer the question, just add 3 and 1.

4 2
3 1
But we cannot add directly and because they are dissimilar
4 2
fractions. Thus, we should change them to similar fractions.

First, find the Least Common Denominator (LCD) or LCM of the

denominators.

Let us use listing method:

2 - 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
4 - 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
The first common multiple between 2 and 4 is 4. Thus, we will use
4 as the LCD.

Second, write the fractions in column or vertically just like in the

illustration below.
3 3
4
= 4
(4 ÷ 4 = 1; 1 x 3 = 3)
1 2
+ = (4 ÷ 2 = 2; 2 x 1 = 2)
2 4
5
4

Page 8 of 141
 The answer is an improper fraction. Change this to a mixed
number by dividing 5 and 4. The quotient will be a whole number.
The remainder will be the numerator and the divisor will be the
denominator.

Third, simplify your answer.

5÷4=11
4

Finally, the answer is 1 1. It means that the total weight of fruits

4
Liza bought is 1 1 kilograms.
4

A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1
Directions: Perform the indicated operation. Write your answers in your
Mathematics notebook.
3 1 6 2
1. + 6. +
5 2 9 3

5 1 4 1
2. + 7. +
6 3 5 2

2 1 1 1
3. + 8. +
3 4 3 6

5 1 1 2
4. + 9. +
8 2 3 9

3 1 7 1
5. + 10. +
4 3 15 5

Page 9 of 141
A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2

Directions: Perform the indicated operation. Write your answer in your

notebook.
3 1 6 2
1. + 6. +
4 2 9 3
2 1 7 2
2. + 7. +
6 3 8 3
4 1 1 7
3. + 8. +
5 4 4 20
1 2 4 3
4. + 9. +
2 3 7 14
9 1 2 3
5. + 10. +
20 4 5 10

BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
Directions: Add each pair of fractions below. Write your answer in your Math
notebook.
1 7 2 5
1. + 6. +
4 20 3 24

11 3 3
2. + 7. +1
18 9 4 2
4 3 2 1
3. + 8. +
7 14 6 3

15 5 2 3
4. + 9. +
32 8 5 10

12 2 1 5
5. + 10. +
25 5 6 12

Page 10 of 141
Grade Quarter 2 Week 6 Lesson 4
IV Performing Subtraction of Dissimilar Fractions

SUBTRACTING DISSIMILAR FRACTIONS

Explore and Discover!

Andrei bought 3 kilogram of bananas and 1 kilogram of grapes.
4 2
How many more bananas than grapes did he buy?

How will you answer the question in the problem?

To find the answer to the problem, do not just subtract 1 from 3.
2 4

First, find the least common denominator (LCD) by finding the

least common multiple (LCM) of the denominators. One way of
finding the LCM is through listing method.
2 - 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
4 - 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
The least common multiple between 2 and 4 is 4. Thus, the LCD is
4.

Second, write the fractions in column.

3 3
= To find 3, 4 ÷ 4 = 1; 1 x 3 = 4
4 4 4
1 2
_ = To find 2, 4 ÷ 2 = 2; 2 x 1 = 2
2 4 4

1
4

Third, simplify your answer. Since the fraction is already in its simplest
form, it is the final answer.
Finally, Andrei bought 1 kilogram more bananas than grapes.
4

Page 11 of 141
REMEMBER:
1. When fractions have different denominators, we must change them
to similar fractions.
2. We do this by finding the lowest common multiple of the two
numbers. We use equivalent fractions.

Example: 2 - 1
3 2
In the example above, the denominators are 3 and 2.
Step 1: We write the first few multiples of 3 and 2.
3 = 3, 6, 9, ...
2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, ...
We see that 6 is the smallest number that occurs in both
tables (lowest common multiple).
Step 2: We can now change both fractions so that they have the same
denominator. We are changing each fraction to its
equivalent fraction.
6 is the second multiple of 3 so we need to multiply both the
numerator as well as the denominator by 2.
2𝑥2 4
=
3𝑥2 6

6 is the third multiple of 2 so we need to multiply both the

numerator as well as denominator by 3.
1𝑥3 3
=
2𝑥3 6

Step 3: Let us put it all together.

2 1
-
3 2
2𝑥2 1𝑥3
= 3𝑥2 −
2𝑥3
4 3
= −
6 6
1
=
6

Page 12 of 141
 A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1
Directions: Perform the indicated operation. Write your answer in your Math
notebook.
5 1 3 3
1. - 6. -
6 4 4 6

2. 9 -2 7. 9 -1
10 5 10 2

4 1 8 1
3. - 8. -
5 2 9 3
9 3 1 1
4. - 9. -
12 6 2 6
4 1 2 2
5. - 10. -
10 5 3 5

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2

Directions: Subtract the following fractions. Simplify your answer to its lowest
possible term. Write your answer in your notebook.

11 3 9
1. - 6. -1
18 9 16 4
21 3 13 1
2. - 7. -
24 4 18 6
3 5 17 1
3. - 8. -
8 24 18 2
6 1 5 1
4. - 9. -
8 2 6 3
1 1 3 1
5. - 10. -
2 6 4 2

Page 13 of 141
 BRAIN-COMPATIBLE

Activity No. 3

Directions: Copy the fractions in your notebook then, subtract the terms.
Express answers in lowest term, if possible.
3 7 8 5
1. - 6. -
5 15 9 6

4 10 9
2. - 7. -3
5 20 10 5

3 5 2 1
3. - 8. -
4 12 3 2
4 2 3 1
4. - 9. -
5 10 4 8

3 7 5 3
5. - 10. -
4 10 7 5

Page 14 of 141
Grade Quarter 2 Week 6 Lesson 5
IV Solving Routine and Non-routine Problems
Involving Addition and/or Subtraction of Fractions

Study the problem

Marlon painted his poultry house using 5 liter of green paint and 2 liter of
6 3
yellow paint. What color of paint was used more than the other? How
much more of it was used than the other?

We can solve the problem using the following steps.

UNDERSTAND
Know what is asked: The color of the paint that was used more
and by how much more
Know the given facts: 5 liter of green paint; 2 liter of yellow
6 3
paint
PLAN
Draw a picture:

5
6

2 4 1
=
3 6 6

Identify the operation to be used: Subtraction

Write the number sentence: 5-2= n
6 3

Page 15 of 141
 SOLVE
Solution: 5 -2=
6 3
5 2
Since, and are dissimilar fractions find the Least Common
6 3
Denominator (LCD).

Let us use the listing method. The denominators are 6 and 3.

6 - 6, 12, 18, 24, 30
3 - 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
The lowest common multiple between 6 and 3 is 6. Thus, the LCD is 6.
5 5
=
6 6

2 4
- =
3 6

1
6

ANSWER

1.The color of the paint that was used more was the green paint.
2. One-sixth (1) liter of green paint was used more than the yellow paint.
6

A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1
Directions: Solve each problem. Follow the four-step plan. Write your answer
in your notebook.

1. Lara used 10 liters of water to wash the dishes and 7 liter to cook
8
rice. How many liters of water did she use in all?

2. Ruben spent124 of an hour weeding the garden and 712 of an hour

watering the plants. How much time did he spend working in the
garden?

Page 16 of 141
3. Lena mixed 2 cups of flour with milk and eggs to make pandesal.
She found that the butter was too thin, so she added 2 cup of flour
3
more to the mixture. How much flour did she use in all?

4. Mother cooked 1 kg of rice for lunch and 3 kg for supper. How

8 8
much rice did she cook for two meals?

5. Santy bought 1 kg of apples and 4 kg of mangoes. How many

4 8
kilograms of fruits did Santy buy?

6. Marik bought 2 m of red ribbon, 4 m of yellow ribbon, and 3 m

10 10 10

of blue ribbon. How long was the ribbon that she bought?
7. When both beef and chicken meat are placed on the weighing
scale, the reading is 7 kg. If only the beef is placed, it weighs 3 kg.
5 5
Find the weight of the chicken meat.
8. During the Mathematics test, Yandrei spent 5 hour in multiple choice
6
questions and 2 hours in problem solving. How many hours did she
spend in answering all the test questions?

9. The walking distance from Paul’s house to the school is 2 kms. He

has already walked 1 km from home to school. How many more
4

kilometers does he need to walk?

10. The Boy Scouts spent 10 hour doing their daily exercises. They only
12
used 1 hour in hiking. How much time did they use for other body
4
exercises?

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2
Directions: Read and solve each problem. Write your answer in your
notebook.

1. Humprey rode his bicycle 1 kilometer to school, 1 kilometer to the

2 5
store, and 2
10
kilometer home. What is the total distance travelled by
Humprey?

Page 17 of 141
2. Alma ran for 7 hour and walked for 1 hour to practice for a race. How
8 2
much longer did she run than walk?
3. Father bought a pizza. Tess ate 2 and Lotis ate 2 . How much of the
5 10
pizza was left?

4. Metchie used 8 liter of vegetable oil in frying fishball while 13 liter

9 45
was used in preparing kikiam. How many liters of vegetable oil did
she use in all?

5. Samantha and Antonio bought 5

6
kilogram of pechay from the

market. They gave 2 kilogram to their aunt. How many kilograms of

6
pechay did they bring home?

6. Mother plans to buy 1 kilogram of chicken and 2 kilogram of beef.

2 5
How many kilograms of meat does she want to buy?

7. Marlen has 3 pieces of lace each measuring 1 meter, 5 meter, and 3

7 7 7
meter. How long are the pieces of lace put together?

8. Rhodora has 2 meter of ribbon and Ellen’s is 1 meter long. How

8 5

many meters of ribbon do the girls have altogether?

9. Mother bought 3 kilogram of shrimp. She cooked 2 kilogram for their
4 4
supper and placed the remaining shrimp inside the refrigerator. How
many kilograms of shrimp were left inside the refrigerator?

10. Claire spent 2 hour in cleaning the kitchen, 3 hour for the bathroom,
12 12

and 6 hour for the dining room. How many hours did she spend in
12

cleaning?

Page 18 of 141
 BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3

Directions: Answer the following problems. Write your answer in your

notebook.

1. Lyn mixed 2 cup of calamansi juice with 3 cup of water. How

6 6
much mixture did she make?

2. Larry spent 12 hour doing his assignment while Amado did it

15
for 3 hour. Who spent more time in doing his assignment?
5

3. Luis had 8 meter of wood for making a frame. His father gave
10

him 1 meter more. How many meters of wood did he have in

5
all?

4. Angelica needs 4 kilogram of chicken for her recipe in EPP-

5
H.E. subject. She has 2
4
kilogram already. How many more

kilograms does she need?

5. Ella had a piece of ribbon. After using 3

8
meter for her

Page 19 of 141
A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1
2 4
1. 𝐶. 6. 𝐺
3 2 1
2. 𝐸 7. 𝐹 𝑜𝑟
2 1
3. D. 1/6 8. 𝐽 𝑜𝑟
2 1
4. A 5/7 9. 𝐼 𝑜𝑟

5. B 2/5

20
A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2
1. 3/4 6. 5/12
2. 1/6 7. 1/5
3. 1/5 8. 1/9
1 2
4. 9.
3 5
5 1
5. 11
10. 3

BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
2
1. 1/3 6.
3
3
2. 2/5 7.
26

3. ¼ 8. 9/15
4. ¼ 9. 5/16
5. 2/3 10. 1/12

A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1
1
1. 4/5 6. 8 𝑜𝑟 1
7 7

2. 6/7 7. 5/7
3. 5/8 8. 7/6 or 1 1/6
4. 9/11 9. 5/15 or 1/3
5. 13/15 10. 10/14 or 5/7
A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2

1. 2/7 6. 3/3 or 1
2. 4/5 7. 6/8 or ¾
3. 4/8 or ½ 8. 5/7
21
4. 2/3 9. 4/8 or ½
5. 4/5 10. 5/8
BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
1. 5 6. 11/12
2. 1 7. 16/17
3. 8 8. 11/15
4. 3 9. 12/24 or ½
5. 2 10. 6/7

A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1
1. 1 1/10 6. 1 1/3
2. 1 1/6 7. 1 3/10
3. 11/12 8. ½
4. 1 1/8 9. 5/6
5. 1
10. 2/3
5

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2
1. 1 1/4 6. 11
3

2. 2/3 7. 1 13/24
3
3. 1 1/20 8.
5
11
4. 1 1/6 9.
14
7
5. 7/10 10.
10

22
 BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
1. 6. 21/24

2. 7. 5/4 or 1 ¼

3. 8.
35 3
4. 𝑜𝑟 1 9.

5. 10.

A FIRST LOOK
Activity No 1
1. 7/12 6. ¼
2. ½ 7. 2/5
3. 3/10 8. 5/9
4. ¼ 9. 1/3
5. 1/5 10. 4/15

A Different Way
Activity No. 2
1. 5/18 6. 5/16
2. 18 7. 5/9
3. 1/6 8. 4/9
4. ¼ 9. ½
5. 1/3 10. ¼

BRAIN COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
1. 2/15 4. 3/5 6. 1/18 9. 5/8
2. 3/10 5. 1/20 7. 3/10 10. 4/35
3. 1/3 8. 1/6

23
 A FIRST LOOK Activity No. 1
1. 10 7 liters of water 6. 9 ribbon

2. 11 hour 7. 4 kg of chicken

3. 2 2 cups of flour 8. 2 5 hours

4. 1 kg of rice 9. 1 kilometer

5. 3 kg of fruits 10. 7 hour

A DIFFERENT WAY Activity No. 2

1. 9 kilometer 6. 9 kg of meat

2. 3hour 7. 1 2 meters

3. 1 pizza was left 8. 9 meter

4. 1 8 vegetables in all 9. 1 kg of shrimp

5. 1 kilogram of pechay 10. 11 hour

BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
1. 5cup of mixture
2. Larry spent more time in doing his assignment
3. 1 meter or wood
4. 3 kg of chicken

5. 5 meter of ribbon

124