RS-ANA212: CLINICAL ANATOMY, KINESIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS

WORKSHEET: FOUNDATIONS IN CLINICAL ANATOMY, KINESIOLOGY, AND BIOMECHANICS

(B2023, SY2021-2022)

Directional Terms
I. Use the appropriate directional terms to describe the location of the structure or lesion.
1. Using an appropriate directional terms, describe the
location of the heart relative to the:
A. Sternum
B. Right and Left Lungs
C. Liver

2. Describe the location of the radius relative to the:

A. Humerus
B. Ulna
C. Carpal bones

3. Describe the location of the fracture in relation to the right

orbital area.

4. Describe the location of the swelling.

Joints and Kinematics
II. Given a particular joint movement: (1) identify the moving joint and its type; (2) describe the demonstrated movement by
identifying the plane of motion and axis of rotation.

5. Analyze the movement demonstrated in the video clip and answer the
following (click the URL to view the video clip):
A. What is the joint moving?
B. What is the type of joint?
C. What movements are demonstrated?
D. What is plane of motion the demonstrated movements occur?
E. What is the axis of rotation?

URL:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oqWNRvb_XwFkozfmD
Fqs9VaKoiSrit8v/view?usp=sharing

6. Analyze the movement demonstrated in the video clip and answer the
following (click the URL to view the video clip):
A. What is the joint moving?
B. What is the type of joint?
C. What movements are demonstrated?
D. What is plane of motion the demonstrated movements occur?
E. What is the axis of rotation?

URL:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vpmT07M6sGKk8UDrg2
xi7xS8FxT3omtq/view?usp=sharing

7. Analyze the movement demonstrated in the video clip and answer the
following (click the URL to view the video clip):
A. What is the joint moving?
B. What is the type of joint?
C. What movements are demonstrated?
D. What is plane of motion the demonstrated movements occur?
E. What is the axis of rotation?

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o9PQ-qnrxVOIp5-
8dquT-iAIwfQnpwJK/view?usp=sharing
III. Determine whether the given activity is done in open- or closed kinematic chain. Justify your answer.
8. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1USEomqFuusv8U98jMwcQIKh9RJHTb_XT/view?usp=sharing

9. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ozK1Y2BJE6X2ydBtKzW5Q71QQEih3FDo/view?usp=sharing

10. https://drive.google.com/file/d/12y2_tpBT1d8wL6H7A0vEeaKc6dI56uvB/view?usp=sharing

11. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gqT2jiCukY_7HGKStxcBlTYy-t85R4Ox/view?usp=sharing

IV. Describe the arthrokinematics occuring at the joint in the given activity.

12. Elbow Extension URL:

(click the URL to view the video clip) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ozK1Y2BJE6X2ydBtKz
W5Q71QQEih3FDo/view?usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UszVQO5p3thONickrJGQMbi
uPcfbCvoG/view?usp=sharing

13. Knee flexion (click the URL to view the video clip) URL:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1USEomqFuusv8U98j
MwcQIKh9RJHTb_XT/view?usp=sharing
14. Shoulder Abduction (click the URL to view the URL:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_GlfPbp2KHXreoFspUZuGPr
video clip)
NIFF53OKy/view?usp=sharing

15. Shoulder External Rotation (click the URL to view URL:

the video clip) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oqWNRvb_XwFkozfm
DFqs9VaKoiSrit8v/view?usp=sharing

16. Knee Flexion URL:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ok0fKsIERwxfDQB3krCcRcB
BoHytDp4b/view?usp=sharing

The Movement System

V. Shown is a sensory testing for deep tendon reflexes. Explain why the normal response is a contraction of the quadriceps
and subsequent knee extension. What happens to the length of the quadriceps muscle? What is the receptor that was
triggered by tapping that patellar tendon (click the URL to view the youtube video for the demonstration of the reflex)?
17-18 (Answer).

URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ll8r5i0eaT8

VI. A PT is performing a sensory testing for a patient who sustained a CVA (stroke). In the first test, the PT positions the
patient’s finger either up or down, then instructs the patient to tell whether his finger was pointed up or down. This is done first
with eyes open to orient the patient and then with eyes closed for testing. What sensory function do you think is being
assessed? Another test is conducted and this time, the patient is instructed to tell whether his finger is moving up or moving
down. What sensory function do you think is being assessed in the second test?
19-20 (Answers).

VII. Given below are two running activities. One is the 100 meter dash and the other is a marathon. While both activities
involve running, the two of them will predominantly utilize different types of muscle fibers. Identify which fiber type is
predominantly used in each activity and give a short, one to two sentences explanation.
 Activity

Fiber type
21. _____________________________ 22. _________________________________
Short Explanation

Muscle Activity

VIII. The image on the below shows the normal position of the wrist and hand when testing for grip strength using a handheld
dynamometer (click the URL for the demonstration). It is recommended that the wrist should be in slight extension (between
0° and 30°). Basing from the principles of active and passive insufficiency, why do you think it is necessary to administer the
test in this position? What do you expect will happen to the force produced if the wrist is placed in full extension, or in full
flexion?
23-24 (Answer):

URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cguUks_Eby0

IX. Given a functional activity, identify the group of muscles active and the type of contraction.

25. Active muscle: __________________ As you move your body up, identify the group of muscles active at the elbow and
describe the type of contraction it performed.
26. Type of contraction: ______________

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/12y2_tpBT1d8wL6H7A0vEeaKc6dI56uvB/view?usp=sharing

27. Active muscle: __________________ As you lower down your body from standing to sitting position, identify the group
of muscles active in the knee and describe the type of contraction it performed.
28. Type of contraction: ______________

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1USEomqFuusv8U98jMwcQIKh9RJHTb_XT/view?usp=sharing
29. Active muscle: __________________ As you move your body up, identify the group of muscles active at the ankle and
describe the type of contraction it performed.
30. Type of contraction: ______________

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZjM57_BnYFKCItMgBPOKFIo7crJWSvzd/view?usp=sharing

31. Active muscle: __________________ As you move your body down, identify the group of muscles active at the elbow
and describe the type of contraction it performed.
32. Type of contraction: ______________

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/156LhTrEGJpy0O4nUVO1d-yAkxkmKX0TQ/view?usp=sharing

X. Identify the muscle or group of muscles performing the following roles in the given functional task.

33. Agonist: ____________________ Leg Raise

34. Antagonist: __________________
35. Synergist/Fixator: _____________

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bWpBqzds4MATHbqJ4zQZb-n-T3Mh6LJE/view?usp=sharing

36. Agonist: ____________________ Barbell Curl

37. Antagonist: __________________
38. Synergist/Fixator: _____________

URL https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NsLXsOXqT5fvdnLiA8MJ-VtHV_PMvtXs/view?usp=sharing

XII. You are teaching your patient how to perform biceps curl properly to strengthen the elbow flexors. Using your knowledge
on force-velocity relationship, what instruction will you provide to ensure that optimal force is generated when performing the
exercise? Justify your answer.
39 (Answer):

URL: https://3d4medic.al/UIQcFDlY
XIII. Identify the classification of lever: first class lever; second class lever; third class lever.

40. ___________________ Identify the class of lever involving the gastroc-soleus muscles. Justify your answer.

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZjM57_BnYFKCItMgBPOKFIo7crJWSvzd/view?usp=sharing

41. ___________________ Identify the class of lever – Deltoid muscle. Justify your answer.

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_GlfPbp2KHXreoFspUZuGPrNIFF53OKy/view?usp=sharing

42. ___________________ Identify the class of lever involving the cervical extensors in the given illustration. Justify
your answer.

43. ___________________ Identify the class of lever involving the brachioradialis in the given illustration. Justify
your answer.

44. ___________________ Identify the class of lever – Hip flexors. Justify your answer.

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bWpBqzds4MATHbqJ4zQZb-n-T3Mh6LJE/view?usp=sharing

45. ___________________ Identify the class of lever involving the brachioradialis in the given illustration. Justify
your answer.

46. ___________________ Identify the class of lever – Shoulder horizontal adductors. Justify your answer.

URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gqT2jiCukY_7HGKStxcBlTYy-t85R4Ox/view?usp=sharing
XIV. Forces and Torques

47. Which among the two types of squats would create greater external torque? Justify your
answer.
A) Deep Squat
B) Partial Squat

48. Putting a weight cuff in which position would require more effort at the shoulder joint to
move the weight cuff through shoulder range of motion? Justify your answer.
A) Cuff position at the wrist
B) Cuff positioned on the forearm.

XV. Simple Machines

49. A patient with arthritic hand complained difficulty in turning the faucet at home. Using
the concept of the wheel and axle, what advice would you give to your patient to make it
easier for him to turn the handle of the faucet? Justify your answer.
A) Increase the length of the handle of the faucet
B) Decrease the length of the handle of the faucet

50. Which among the two types of pulley would give more mechanical advantage to the
force that will allow the effort to be less than the weight of the load? Justify your answer.
A. Single-Fixed Pulley
B. Movable Pulley

References and Resources Needed

References  Houglum, P., & Bertoti, D. (2012). Brunnstrom’s clinical kinesiology. (6th Ed.). Philadepphia, PA. F.A. Davis Company.
 Lippert, L. (2011). Clinical kinesiology and anatomy. (5th Ed.). Philadepphia, PA. F.A. Davis Company.
 Neumann, D. (2010). Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: Foundations for rehabilitation. (2nd Ed.). St. Louis,
Missouri. Mosby Elsevier.
 Snell, R. (2012). Clinical anatomy by regions. (9thEd.) USA. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
 Seeley, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. (2008). Anatomy & physiology. (8th Ed.). USA. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
 Magee, D. (2014). Orthopedic clinical assessment. (6th Ed.). St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier Saunders
Resources  Open Athens
 Complete Anatomy

Prepared by: Natalizia Guieb-Pagtakhan, DPT, MAE, PTRP

Topic Organizer