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1.forces and Motion-A) Units Edexcel IGCSE Physics Notes

The document provides an overview of the IGCSE Physics unit on Forces and Motion. It discusses key topics like units, movement and position, and forces, movement, shape and momentum. It describes the intended learning outcomes which involve using standard SI units like meters, kilograms, newtons, and seconds. It also outlines some of the main concepts that will be covered, such as units, multiples and subdivisions of units, and quantities and their standard units in the Forces and Motion unit.

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269 views

1.forces and Motion-A) Units Edexcel IGCSE Physics Notes

The document provides an overview of the IGCSE Physics unit on Forces and Motion. It discusses key topics like units, movement and position, and forces, movement, shape and momentum. It describes the intended learning outcomes which involve using standard SI units like meters, kilograms, newtons, and seconds. It also outlines some of the main concepts that will be covered, such as units, multiples and subdivisions of units, and quantities and their standard units in the Forces and Motion unit.

Uploaded by

ZoonieFR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Unit-1
Forces & Motion
Nishan Wanasinghe
(B.Sc.(Applied Sciences)-University of Sri Jayewardenepura)
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Forces & Motion

a) Units
b) Movement & Position
c) Forces, Movement, Shape & Momentum.

Nishan Wanasinghe
Units
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Intended Learning Outcomes

Students will be assessed on their ability to:


Paper-1 &
 1.1 use the following units: kilogram(kg), metre (m), Paper-2
metre/second (m/s),metre/secon𝑑 2 (m/𝑠 2 ), newton (N),
second(s) and newton/kilogram (N/kg)

 1.2P use the following units: newton metre (Nm),


Only in
kilogram metre/second (kg m/s)
Paper-2

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

1.1 & 1.2P -Units

 Physicists, like other scientists, make


observations and ask basic questions.
For example, how big is an object?
How much mass does it have? How
far did it travel? To answer these
questions, they make measurements
with various instruments (e.g., meter
stick, balance, stopwatch, etc.).

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

1.1 & 1.2P -Units

 The measurements of physical quantities


are expressed in terms of units, which are
standardized values.
❖ For example, the length of a race, which
is a physical quantity, can be expressed in
meters (for sprinters) or kilometers (for long
distance runners). Without standardized
units, it would be extremely difficult for
scientists to express and compare
measured values in a meaningful way.

Nishan Wanasinghe
Imperial units
The following units are known as imperial units and they are not used in the syllabus.

❑ Length- inch, foot, yard, mile

❑ Mass- ounce, pound, stone

❑ Capacity- pint, gallon

Countries using Imperial System:


▪ USA
▪ Liberia
▪ Myanmar

Nishan Wanasinghe
SI UNITS
Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Base units(SI units)


❑ There are seven fundamental units in Physics.

❑ They are known as International System of


units.(SI units).

❑ In this lesson we are learning about three of them.

metre(m) kilogram(kg) second(s)


IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

SI units(metric system)

Mass-
kilogram (kg)

Force- Time-
newton(N) second(s)
Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

SI derived units
 A derived unit is a unit that results from a mathematical
combination of SI base units.
Example:
Unit of Volume → cubic metre(𝒎𝟑 )
Unit of force→ newton(N or 𝒌𝒈 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 )
Unit of speed→ metre per second (m/s)

Nishan Wanasinghe
Other accepted units

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Rules and conventions for writing


base units and their symbols

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Rules and conventions for writing


base units and their symbols

1. The units named after scientists are not


written with a capital initial letter.

For example : newton, watt


Newton, Watt

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Rules and conventions for writing


base units and their symbols

2. The symbols of the units named after scientist


should be written by a capital letter.

For example : N for newton, W for watt

N for Newton, W for Watt

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Rules and conventions for writing


base units and their symbols

3. Lower case letters are used as symbols for units not


derived from a proper name.

For example : m for metre, kg for kilogram

M for metre, Kg or KG for kilogram

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Rules and conventions for writing


base units and their symbols

4. No full stop or other punctuation marks


should be used within or at the end of
symbols.(unless at the end of a sentence)

For example : 50 m and not as 50 m.

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Rules and conventions for writing


base units and their symbols

5. The symbols of the units do not take plural form. For


example : 10 kg not as 10 kgs

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Rules and conventions for writing


base units and their symbols

6. Use of solidus is recommended only for indicating a division of one


letter unit symbol by another unit symbol. Not more than one solidus is
used.
(Unless parentheses are used)

For example : 𝒎 𝒔−𝟏 or m / s, J / K mol or J 𝑲−𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏 but not J / K / mol.

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Rules and conventions for writing


base units and their symbols

7. Some space is always to be left between the number and the


symbol of the unit and also between the symbols for compound
units such as force, momentum, etc.

example, it is not correct to write 2.3m. The correct representation


is 2.3 m ; kg m 𝒔−𝟏 and not as kgm𝒔−𝟏

Nishan Wanasinghe
Multiples &
Subdivisions

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics
Multiples & Subdivisions

❑ For very large measurements, the multiples of base units are used and for
very small measurements, the subdivisions of base units are used.

Example:

❖ Measurements of mass made in subdivisions of the kilogram like grams


(g) and milligrams (mg).

❖ Measurements of length in multiples of metre like the kilometre and


subdivisions like centimetre(cm) and millimetre(mm).

Nishan Wanasinghe
Multiples & Submultiples
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

(Prefixes)

❑ The symbols that are added before the SI units are called
prefixes, they are usually used to describe very large or small
quantities.

Name of the Symbol Value Name of the Symbol Value


multiple submultiple

Mega M 106 centi c 10−2


Giga G 109 milli m 10−3
Tera T 1012 nano n 10−9

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Examples:

➢ 200 nm= 200 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 m

➢ 72 ms = 72 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 s

➢ 25 km = 25 x 𝟏𝟎𝟑 m

Nishan Wanasinghe
Rules and conventions for writing
base units and prefixes

❑ A prefix is part of the unit, and its symbol is prepended to the


unit symbol without a separator.
m s –metre
Ex: ms (millisecond) m s (millisecond) second

❑ Compound prefixes are not permitted.


Ex: nm(nanometre) but not : cnm(centinanometre)

❑ All prefixes larger than 𝟏𝟎𝟑 (kilo) are uppercase.


Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Concept learning

Select the correct measurement from each of the following lists.

235nm 420 Newton 48 Nm 25 Kg


235 n m 420 newton 48 N m 25 KG
235 nm. 420newton 48 Nm 25 kgs
235 nm 420 Newtons 48 Nm. 25 kg
Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Quantities & their units


The following SI units and SI derived units are used in UNIT-1

❑ Distance-metre(m) ❑ Force-newton(N)

❑ Mass-kilogram(kg) ❑ Moment(torque) – newton metre(N m)

❑ Time-second(s) ❑ Momentum- kilogram metre per second(kg m/s)

❑ Speed-metre per second(m/s or 𝑚 𝑠 −1 )

❑ Acceleration-metre per second square(m/𝑠 2 or 𝑚 𝑠 −2 )

❑ Gravitational field strength- newton per kilogram(N/kg)

Nishan Wanasinghe
IGCSE(9-1)-Physics

Resources

 Edexel IGCSE(9-1) Specification.


 IGCSE(9-1) Physics student book
 https://www.nist.gov/pml

Nishan Wanasinghe

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