jk"Vªh; ll

a k/ku dæas
fganh fo"k; esa mPp f'k{kk ladk; ds fy,
f'k{k.k esa okf"kZd iqu'p;kZ ikB~;Øe ¼vfiZr½ 2019
[Annual Refresher Programme in Teaching (ARPIT) 2019]
jhfrdkyhu fganh lkfgR;
ikB 'kh"kZd % efrjke dk dkO;
ikB ys[kd % MkW- v'kksd ukFk f=ikBh] ,lksfl,V izksQslj] fganh ,oa rqyukRed lkfgR; foHkkx]
egRek xka/kh varjjk"Vªh; fganh fo'ofo|ky;] o/kkZA laidZ& 9423645364] bZesy&
ashoksahitya@gmail.com
ikB leh{kd% 1- izk-s d`".k dqekj flag] fganh ,oa rqyukRed foHkkx] egkRek xka/kh varjjk"Vªh; fganh
fo'ofo|ky;] o/kkZ ¼egkjk"Vª½
2- izk-s vo/ks'k dqekj] fganh ,oa rqyukRed foHkkx] egkRek xka/kh varjjk"Vªh; fganh
fo'ofo|ky;] o/kkZ ¼egkjk"Vª½
leUo;d izk-s vo/ks'k dqekj] fganh ,oa rqyukRed foHkkx] egkRek xka/kh varjjk"Vªh; fganh
fo'ofo|ky;] o/kkZ ¼egkjk"Vª½
lgleUo;d MkW- jkekuqt vLFkkuk] fganh ,oa rqyukRed foHkkx] egkRek xka/kh varjjk"Vªh; fganh
fo'ofo|ky;] o/kkZ ¼egkjk"Vª½

çk:i
1- ikB dk mís';
2- çLrkouk
3- jhfrdky dk ,sfrgkfld lanHkZ
4- efrjke vkSj mudk le;
5- efrjke dk dkO; lkSan;Z
6- efrjke ds dkO; dk oSf'k"Vî
7- fu"d"kZ

1- ikB dk mís';
bl ikB ds v/;;u ds mijkar vki&
1- efrjke dh i`"BHkwfe vkSj —fr;ksa dk ifjp; çkIr djsaxs
2- efrjke ds dkO; lkSan;Z dks tku ldsaxs
3- efrjke ds dkO; oSf'k"Vî dk ifjp; çkIr djsaxs
4- fganh lkfgR; esa efrjke dk LFkku fu/kkZfjr djsaxs

2- çLrkouk
lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa fdlh Hkh dky dk foHkktu ,slk lVhd ugha fd;k x;k fd
fdlh fuf'pr frfFk ls ml dky dk mn; eku fy;k tk;A bldk vk'k; ;g Hkh ugha
fudkyk tk ldrk fd ml dky dk çkjEHk gksrs gh iwoZorhZ dky dh lHkh ço`fÙk;k¡ lekIr gh
gks xbZa gSa A blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd lkfgR; esa dbZ ço`fÙk;k¡ ,d lkFk pyrh jgrh gSaA
mUgha esa ls dksbZ ço`fÙk ç/kku gks tkrh gSA fganh lkfgR; dk dky foHkktu djrs gq, vkpk;Z
jkepaæ 'kqDy us e/;dky dks nks [kaMksa esa iwoZ e/;dky ¼Hkfädky½ rFkk mÙkj e/;dky
¼jhfrdky½ esa foHkä fd;k x;k gSA ge tkurs gSa fd 'kqDy th }kjk fu/kkZfjr mÙkj e/;dky
gh jhfrdky ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA jhfrdky dh le; lhek laor l=g lkS ls mUuhl
lkS rd fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA ns[kk tk, rks ;gh og dky [kaM gS ftlesa laL—r vkpk;ksaZ
ds vuqlj.k ij y{k.k xzaFkksa dh jpuk dh xbZA bl dky [kaM dh rhu çeq[k dkO; /kkjk,a jgh
gSa ftUgsa çk;% jhfrc)] jhfr eqä vkSj jhfr fl) /kkjk ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bu /kkjkvksa
esa jhfrc) /kkjk Hkh ,d çeq[k /kkjk ds :i esa Lohdk;Z jgh gS vkSj bl /kkjk esa 'kkfey dfo;ksa
dks vkpk;Z dfo Hkh dgk tkrk jgk gSA buesa ds'ko] fparkef.k] efrjke] nso] inekdj] tloar
flag] dqyifr feJ] fHk[kkjhnkl rFkk lsukifr dk uke fo'ks"k rkSj ij m)`r fd;k tkrk gSA
feJ ca/kqvksa us vius çeq[k vkykspukRed xzaFk esa efrjke vkSj Hkw"k.k dks ,d lkFk ^fganh
uojRu* ds varxZr j[kk gSA

3- ,sfrgkfld lanHkZ
;g mYys[k djuk lehphu çrhr gksrk gS fd jhfrdky ds vkjaHk esa Hkkjr esa 'kkgtgka
dk 'kklu dky FkkA bldk lkezkT; dbZ lwcksa esa foHkkftr FkkA jkT; esa çk;% lq[k 'kkafr Fkh
ij ;g 'kkafr cgqr fnuksa rd cjdjkj ugha jg ldh A 'kkgtgka ds ckn mlds oa'ktksa esa
flagklu dks ysdj dkQh fookn fNM+ x;kA ,d rjQ vkSjaxtsc tks dq'ky jktuhfrK vkSj
/kkfeZd :i ls çfrc) Fkk rks nwljh vksj nkjkf'kdksg Kkuh /kkfeZd ekeyksa esa mnkj vkSj
lfg".kq FkkA ns[kk tk, rks bu nksuksa dk ;q) ,d çdkj ls laL—fr vkSj jktuhfr dk ;q) FkkA
nkjkf'kdksg dh ijkt; ds ckn vkSjaxtsc dks 'kklu&lÙkk çkIr gqbZA ysfdu mldh dk;Z
ç.kkyh vkSj 'kklu uhfr ls yksxksa esa vlarks"k iSnk gksus yxk Fkk vkSj blh ds ifj.kke Lo:i
ogka fojks/k Hkh çkjaHk gks x;kA bl fojks/k esa ,d vksj ejkBk Fks rks nwljh vksj tehankj Hkh FksA
,d vksj jktiwrksa ¼vo/k ds½ us fojks/k fd;k rks vkxjk ds tkVksa us Hkh fojks/k dk fcxqy
ctk;kA vkSjatxtsc }kjk tft;k dj yxkuk vkSj eafnjksa ds fouk'k us laiw.kZ fganw turk dks
fopfyr dj fn;k vkSj blh mBkiVd vkSj vfo'okl dks ns[krs gq, vkSjaxtsc dh e`R;q gks
xbZA eqxy [kkunku esa dksbZ ;ksX; mÙkjkf/kdkjh dh fLFkfr u cu ikus ds dkj.k mlds fojks/kh
vkSj çcy gks x, rFkk vO;oLFkk c<+rh gh xbZA njvly bl lUnHkZ ds mYys[k dk ,d ek=
mís'; gS fd ftl le;kof/k dks ge jhfrdky ds uke ls tkurs gSa og dky vO;oLFkk]
foIyo vkSj ?kksj jktuhfrd mFky&iqFky dk dky jgk gSA

fganh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa jhfrdky dkO;dyk ds 'kkL=h; vkSj ltZukRed

miyfC/k;ksa dh –f"V ls fo'ks"k egRoiw.kZ gSA Hkä dfo;ksa us lgt Hkk"kk dks vk/kkj :i esa
çLrqr fd;k vkSj Hkfä dh ,dkar lk/kuk dh cztHkk"kk] vo/kh vkSj l/kqDdM+h esa dbZ ç;ksx
fd;s x, vkSj fganh dkO; ijaijk dks Bksl vk/kkj feykA bl ijEijk dh vxyh dM+h ds :i
esa f'kYi vkSj dkO;'kkL= dks dsaæ cukdj dkO;jpuk djus okys vkSj ykSfdd Lrj ij jl ds
vuqHko dks Hkk"kk nsus okys jhfrdkyhu dfo;ksa esa efrjke dk uke cM+s vknj ds lkFk fy;k
tkrk gSA

4- efrjke dk thou o`Ùk

jhfrdky ds jl fu:id vkpk;ksaZ esa efrjke dk uke lEeku ds lkFk fy;k tkrk gSA
buds tUe ds lanHkZ esa i;kZIr erHksn feyrk gS f'koflag ljkst esa la- 1738 crk;k x;kA
fgUnh uojRu dkjksa us mudk tUe la- 1696 ekuk gS feJca/kq fouksn ds ckn ds laLdj.kksa esa la-
1674 Hkh ekuk x;k gSA reke lanHkksaZ ij /;ku nsrs gq, la- 1635 ls ysdj 1664 rd efrjke
dk tUe le; ekuk tk ldrk gSA efrjke ds firk dk dgha mYys[k ugha gksrk gSA Hkw"k.k ds
firk dk vo'; mYys[k feyrk gS vxj Hkw"k.k vkSj efrjke dks HkkbZ eku fy;k tk; tSlk fd
^fgUnh uojRu^ esa feyrk gS rks buds firk dk uke Hkh jRukdj ekuk tkuk pkfg,A ;g
dkuiqj ftys ds frdokaiqj xk¡o ds fuoklh FksA

5- efrjke dk jpuk lalkj

tc ge efrjke ds dkO; lalkj dk voxkgu djrs gSa rks budh dkO; çfrHkk vR;ar
euksgkjh fn[krh gSA dbZ LFkkuksa ij rks efrjke vkpk;Z vkSj dfo nksuksa :iksa esa viuh mifLFkfr
ntZ djrs gSaA vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy us vius bfrgkl xzaFk esa efrjke dh ^yfyr yyke*]
^Nanlkj*] ^ jljkt*] ^lkfgR;lkj*] ^y{k.k J`axkj*] vkSj ^efrjke lrlbZ^ tSlh Ng jpukvksa dk
mYys[k fd;k gSA HkxhjFk feJ }kjk jfpr ^fganh dkO;'kkL= dk bfrgkl* esa efrjke ds
^jljkt*] ^yfyryyke^] ^lkfgR;lkj^] vkSj ^y{k.kJ`axkj^ uked pkj xzaFkksa dk mYys[k fd;k
x;k gSA ^fganh lkfgR; dk vrhr Hkkx&2* uked iqLrd esa fo'oukFk izlkn feJ us efrjke
ç.khr Ng jpukvksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA fo'oukFk izlkn feJ }kjk mfYyf[kr xzUFkksa esa mUgha
xzUFkksa dk mYys[k gqvk gS ftldk o.kZu 'kqDy th us fd;k gS mUgksus flQZ ^Nanlkj* ds LFkku
ij ^Qwyeatjh* uked u;k xzaFk tksM+k gSAjhfrdky esa dgha&dgha efrjke uked nks jpukdkjksa
dk mYys[k feyrk gS fo'oukFk izlkn feJ vius iqLrd esa tc efrjke dk mYys[k djrs gSa
rks og bl rF; dh vksj ladsr djrs gq, fy[krs gSa& ^^vc ;g çekf.kr gks pqdk gS fd çfl)
efrjke ds vfrfjä mlh ;qx esa ,d nwljs efrjke Hkh Fks ftUgksaus Lo:i flag ds fy,
^Nanlkjfiaxy^ ;k ^o`Ùk dkSeqnh^ uked iqLrd fy[khA bUgha fd fy[kh gqbZ ^vyadkj iapkf'kdk^
Hkh gSA ftlesa dsoy ipkl vyadkjksa dk fu:i.k fd;k x;k gS ;g xzaFk lor l=glkS
lSrkyhl ds iwoZ fy[kk x;k&

lacr l=g lS tgk¡ lSrkfyl uHk eklA

vyadkj iapkf'kdk iwju Hk;ks çdkl॥¼fganh lkfgR; dk vrhr&2½

^efrjke xzaFkkoyh^ dk lEiknu —".kfcgkjh feJ ,oa czt fd'kksj feJ us ukxjh çpkj.kh
ds fy, fd;k gSA blesa ftu xzUFkksa dk mYys[k gSa mudk laf{kIr mYys[k fd;k tk jgk gS &

Qwy eatjh esa 60 nksgs gSa yxHkx lHkh nksgksa esa Qwyksa dk mYys[k gSA çR;sd nksgs esa ,d Qwy
dk mYys[k gSA gkykafd ;g xzaFk dksbZ peRdkfjd xzaFk ugha gS fQj Hkh o.kZu 'kSyh vkSj 'kCn
ek/kq;Z vn~Hkqr gS&

gqdqe ik; tgkaxhj dks uxj vkxjs /kke]

Qwyu dh ekyk djh efr lks dfo efrjkeA
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
deyuSu yhusa dey deyeq[kh ds Bkm¡A
ru U;ksNkofj jkt dh ;fg vkofu cfy tkÅa॥
ful dkjh Hkkjh gqrh rjlr esjks thoA
Qwy fuokjh dks ljl Hkkjh rqe ij tho॥

^jljkt^ uked xzaFk esa J`axkj jl dh çpqjrk ds lkFk ukf;dk Hksn dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k x;k gS
bl xzaFk ds ckjs esa tks tkudkjh feyrh gS og ;g fd ;g xzaFk fdlh jktk ds vkJ; esa ugha
cuk;k x;k gSA bl xzaFk dh lokZf/kd Vhdk,¡ Hkh fy[kh xbZa&
/;koSa lqjklqj&fl)&lekt egs'kgq vkfn egkeqfu KkuhA
 tksx esa ta= esa ea= esa ra= esa xkoSa lnk Jqfr ls"k HkokuhA
ladVHkktu vkuu dh nqfr iwju naM mnaM lks tkuh A
/;k; lnk iniadt dks efrjke rcS ^jljkt* c[kkuh॥

mä nks xzUFkksa ds vfrfjä ^Nanlkj fiaxy^] ^yfyr yyke^] ^efrjke lrlbZ ] ^lkfgR;
lkj^] ^y{k.k J`axkj^] ^vyadkj iapkf'kdk^ dh x.kuk Hkh efrjke ds xzUFkksa esa dh tkrh gSA

efrjke dk dkO; lkSan;Z&

jhfr dkyhu lkfgR; esa J`axkj] vyadkj] fiaxy] uhfr] Hkfä] tSls reke fo"k;ksa ij
dfork;sa fy[kh xbZa ijarq çeq[krk çse] J`axkj vkSj dke:i dh gh jgh gSA jkedqekj oekZ dk
ekuuk gS fd& ^^foØe dh l=goha 'krkCnh ds ckn fgUnh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa ,d ,slh
ço`fÙk dks çJ; feyk tks ykSfdd thou ds lkSan;Z dks vR;ar vuqjatu ds lkFk çLrqr djus
esa leFkZ gqbZAvHkh rd thou dh 'kkjhfjd vuqHkwfr;ksa ls dfo;ksa us vk¡[ksa can dj yh Fkha A
mUgksus lalkj vkSj 'kjhj dks u'oj ekurs gq, bZ'oj dh mikluk dks gh thou dk pje y{;
le>k Fkk] ekuoh thou esa tSls vk/;fRedrk dk dop igu dj bafæ;ksa dks mHkjus ls jksd
fn;k FkkA dyk&dky us ml dop dks mrkj dj 'kjhj dks 'kkjhfjdrk çnku dh vkSj us=ksa
dks lalkj ds lkSan;Z dk ojnku fn;k**¼jhfr dkyhu lkfgR; dk iquewZY;kadu i`-227½A efrjke
dh ok.kh ek/kq;Z jl ls ljkcksj gSA mudh –f"V esa dsoy J`axkj ugha gS vfirq os çse ds Hkh
vuU; dfo gSaA os lkSan;Z dh ckjhfd;ksa dks le>rs gh ugha gSa oju mlesa jers gSa vkSj lkSan;Z
dk ifj"dkj Hkh djrs gS]a mls u;h vkHkk Hkh çnku djrs gSa&

dqUnu dks jaxq Qhdks yxS >ydSa vfr vkaxu pk# xqjkbZA
vkaf[ku esa vylkfu fprkSu esa vatq fcylu dh ljlkbZA
dks fcu eksy fcdkr ugha efrjke ygS eqldkfu feBkbZA
T;ksa T;ksa fugkfj, usjs ºoS uSufu R;ksa R;ksa [kjh fudjS lh fudkbZAA

vki ns[ksa rks m)`r in esa ljlrk] psgjs dh eatqyrk ,oa eqLdku dh feBkl dk vn~Hkqr o.kZu
fd;k x;k gSA uk;d ,d ,d vax dks T;ksa –T;ksa lehi ls ns[krk gS R;ksa R;ksa lkSan;Z dk
mRd"kZ fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ns[kk tk; rks :i dh tks jE;rk gS mldh uork esa lekfgr gSA ftl
rjg ç—fr iqjkrurk dks lgu ugha dj ldrh deksos'k efrjke Hkh uohurk ds gh i{k/kj
fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA blh çfrc)rk ds dkj.k mudh lkSan;Z psruk Hkh lrr xfr'khy jgrh gSA
mnkkgj.k ns[ksa&

dkuu ykSa yxs eqLdku çseikxs ykSus] ykt Hkjs ykxs yksy&ykspu vuax rsA
Hkk# /kfj Hkqtu Mqyokfr pyfr ean vkSjs vksi mygr mjt mrax rsA
efrjke thou&iou dh >dksj vki] cf<dS ljl jl rjy rjax rsA
ikfui vey dh >yd >ydu ykxh] dkbZ lh xbZ gS yfjdkbZ df<+ vax rs॥

;gk¡ dkeHkko dh mifLFkfr ls ukf;dk dh vkafxd ps"Vkvksa esa euksjerk dk fp=.k fd;k x;k
gSA ekuo lnSo lkSan;Z ds çfr vkdf"kZr gksrk jgk gSA lkSan;Z ds dkj.k gh euq"; ds Hkhrj jkx
ds çxk<+rk rhcz gksrh tkrh gSA efrjke lkSan;Z ds vkuannk;h :i ds l`"Vk dfo gSa mudk
çFker% vkSj vafre mís'; vkuan gh gS&
 eksjia[kk efrjke fdjhV esa daB cuh cueky lqgkbZ A
eksgu dh eqldkfu euksgj dqaMy Mksyfu rsa Nfo NkbZA
ykspu yksy fclky fcykspfu dks u fcysfd Hk;ks cl ekbZA
ok eq[k dh e/kqjkbZ dgk dgkS ehBh yxS vaf[k;ku yqukbZAA
bl in esa vkuan foºoy ukf;dk us viuh fdlh l[kh ls uk;d ds :i dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
jhfrdkyhu vius ledkyhu dfo;ksa ds leku efrjke Hkh lkSan;Z fp=ksa esa vkuUn dk vuqHko
eglwl djrs gSa&

eksgu yyk dks eu eksgfu fcyksfd cky dl dfj jk[kfr gS meax mNkg dksA
lf[ku dks nhfB dks cpk;ds fugkjfr gS vkuan çokg chp ikor u Fkkg dksAA

efrjke dk dkO; oSf'k"Vî&

dksbZ Hkh cM+k jpukdkj Lo;a dks dHkh cM+k lkfcr ugha djrk gSA efrjke vius jljkt xzUFk
dk çkjEHk çHkq oanuk ls djus ds ckn ;g ?kksf"kr djrs gSa fd os dksbZ dfoÙk ugha tkurs gS&

dfoÙkkFkZ tkuksa ugha dNqd Hk;ks lacks/kA

ewY;ksa Hkze rs tks dNqd lqdfo i<+sxsa lks/kAA
cjfu uk;dk uk;dfu jP;ks xzUFk efrjkeA
yhyk jk/kkjeu dh lqUnj tl vfHkjkeAA

efrjke us vius dkO; esa jl ds la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx nksuksa :iksa dk vR;ar lVhd o.kZu fd;k
gSA buds ^jljkt* uked xzUFk ds ckjs esa ;g dgk tkrk gS fd vkjafHkd jpukvksa esa ;g dkQh
ljkgk Hkh x;kA blesa ukf;dk Hksn ds lkFk&lkFk Hkko dh Hkh vfHkO;atuk gS&

ykspu] opu] çlkn] e`nq gkl] Hkko /k`fr eksnA

burs çxVr tkfu, ojufg lqdfo fouksnAA

ukf;dk Hksn lEcU/kh buds mnkgj.k cgqr gh ljl] lqUnj vkSj ºzn; dks Li'kZ djus okys gSaA
yTtk 'khy ukf;dk dk ,d mnkgj.k ls ckr vkSj Hkh Li"V gks tk;sxh&
vfHkuo tkScu&T;ksfr lkSa txex g‚V fcyklA
fr; ds ruq ikfui c<+s] fi; ds uSufu I;klA

;kSou ds vkus ij mlds :i dh ekndrk esa foLrkj gksrk gS lkFk gh lkFk uk;d dks ns[kus
dh bPNk c<+rh tkrh gSA efrjke ds dkO; fp=ksa ls ftl :i dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS muds
voxkgu ls vn~Hkqr vuqHkwfr gksrh gS bl çdkj dk l`tu vU; jpukdkjksa esa lglk ugha
fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS&

vkuu&iwjupan ylS] vjfoUn&foykl& fcykspu is[ksA

vEcj ihV ylS piyk] Nfo vacqn espd vax mjs[ksA
dke gw¡ rSa vfHkjke egk] ^efrjke* fg, fuºpkSa dfj ys[ks
rSa cjuS fut cSuu lkSa l[kh eSa fut uSuu lkSa t.kw ns[ksA
blh çdkj dk ,d nksgk Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS&
fyf[kr vofuyr pju rs foglfr foey diksy
v/k~ fu[kjs eq[k banq rs] ve`r foUnq rs eksyA
efrjke Hkk"kk ds cM+s ltx jpukdkj gSaA efrjke dh jpuk dh fo'ks"krk ij fopkj djrs gq,
vkpk;Z 'kqDy ekurs gSa& ^ mudh lgtrk vR;ar LokHkkfod gS u rks muesa Hkkoksa dh —f=erk
gS u Hkk"kk dhA Hkk"kk 'kCnkMacj ls loZFkk eqä gS dsoy vuqçkl ds peRdkj ds fy, v'kä
'kCnksa dh HkrhZ ugha gS*A njvly 'kqDy th ;g b'kkjk djuk pkgrs gSAa tks dfo ek= vyadkj
o.kZu ds fy, 'kCn p;u djrs gSa ml çdkj dh fLFkfr efrjke ds ;gk¡ ugha gSA muds ;gk¡
'kCnksa esa lgtrk loZ= fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA efrjke ds ;gk¡ p;fur 'kCn Hkko O;atuk ls ifjiw.kZ
gSa vkSj Hkk"kk ds leku Hkkoksa esa Hkh lgtrk gSA tc mls ç;ksx ds /kjkry ij ykrs gSa rks og
vkSj Hkh lgt gks mBrk gSA efrjke dh jpuk'khyrk dks ns[kdj reke vkykspd ;g Lohdkj
djrs gSa fd ;fn le; dh çFkk ds vuqlkj efrjke pyus ds fy, foo'k u gq, gksrs rks mudh
jpuk esa vkSj ekSfydrk ds n'kZu gksrsA

tkufr lkSfr vuhfr gS] tkufr l[kh lquhfrA

xq#tu tkur ykt gS] çhre tkur çhrA

bl nksgs dks vxj /;ku ls ns[kk tk; rks blesa dbZ vFkZ gaS vkSj vyadkj gSAa lkFk gh lkFk
ukf;dk Hksn Hkh gS ijUrq eq[; Hkko dh cjkcj iqf"V gks jgh gSA ;g efrjke dh rkdr gS
mUgksaus ftl Nan esa tks Hkko mBk;k ml Nan dk çR;sd 'kCn Hkh mlh Hkko dh iqf"V djrs
fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA

nwljs fd ckr lqfu ijfr u ,slh tgk¡] dksfdy diksru dh /kqfu ljlkfr gS
NkbZ jgS tgk¡ æqe csfyu lks fefy efr jke vfydwyu va/ksjh vf/kdkfr gS
r[kr&ls Qwfy jgs Qwyu ds iqat] ?ku dqatu eSa gksfr tgk¡ fnugw¡ eSa jkfr gSA
rk cu dh ckV] dks Ålax uk lgsyh] dfg dSls rw vdsyh nf/k cspu dks tkr gSA

bl in esa Hkh efrjke us vius Hkko dh O;atuk vrar lgt Hkko ls dh gSA vkSj mudks tks
crkuk vHkh"V Fkk mldh O;atuk djus esa lQy Hkh gq, gSaA bl in esa mUgsa lwukiu fn[kkuk
Fkk ftlesa i{kh ,slk cksyrs gSa fd nwljs dh ckr Hkh ugha lquh tk ldrhA bldk vk'k; ;g
Hkh gS fd bl uhjo LFkku esa i{kh fufoZ?u fogkj djrs gSaA ogka dksbZ euq"; ugha gSa ,sls og
vdsyh nf/k cspus tkrh gSA

lqanfj lst laokfj dS lkts ldy flaxkjA

–x deyu ds }kj iS ck/kS canuokjAA

mä nksgs dks ns[kdj yxrk gS efrjke fdrus ltx jpukdkj gaSA }kj dh vksj ukf;dk dk
vk¡[kksa dks mBkdj uk;d dh çrh{kk djokus dks canuokj ca/kokdj Lokxr djus dk :id
x<+k gSA ;gk¡ ge ns[ksa rks canuokj esa dbZ Hkko lafyIr gSaA elyu canuokj dk ca/kokuk 'kqHk
dk ladsr gS vkSj Lokxr Hkh mlesa fufgr gSA vxj dfo vk¡[kksa dks njokts ij foo'krk iw.kZ
<ax ls Bgjkrk rks og Hkko ugha vk ikrkA ,d lkFkZd dfork dh ;gh fo'ks"krk gS fd lqUnjrk
dh j{kk Hkh gks vkSj Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fä HkhA deksos'k ;gh dkO; oSf'k"Vî efrjke ds ;gk¡ Hkh
fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS-

vius izfl) xzUFk ^jljkt^ esa efrjke us uk;d ukf;dk ds lkFk J`xkj jl dks Hkh O;k[;kf;r
fd;k gS&
 tks cjur fr; iq#"k dks dfo dksfon jfr HkkoA
rklksa jh>r gSa lqdfo lks flaxkj jl HkkoA
dfg flaxkj jl Hkko }S çFke dgr la;ksxA
xzaFku dks er nsf[kdS nwtks dgr fo;ksxA

blh ds lkFk&lkFk la;ksx J`axkj dks Hkh ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, dgrs gSa&

çeqfnr uk;d&uk;dk ftUg feyki esa gksrA

lksa la;ksx&flxkj dfg cjur lqefr mnksrAA

tgk¡ ij uk;d vkSj ukf;dk vkuan dk vuqHko djrs gSa ogka la;ksx J`axkj ekuk tkrk gS- bl
çdkj ds mnkgj.k buds ^jljkt* uked xzUFk esa loZ= fo|eku gS-a mldk lEiw.kZ o.kZu djus
dk ;gk¡ vodk'k Hkh ugha gS vkSj vko';drk Hkh ugha-

efrjke ds dkO; ds ukf;dk Hksn ds mnkgj.k jljatd gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ºzn; Li'khZ Hkh gSa-
buds o.kZu esa 'kkL=h; çek.k dk vHkko t:j fey ldrk gS ijUrq fpÙko`fr;ksa dh n'kk vkSj
vuqHkwfr;ksa ds o.kZu esa os ,d vR;ar lQy jpukdkj gS-a ^jljkt* ls ,d mnkgj.k nsdj eSa
viuh ckr dks fojke nsus dk ç;kl d:axk&

dqanu dks jaxq Qhdks yxS >ydS vfr vkaxu pk# xqjkbZA
vk¡f[ku esa vylkfu fprkSu esa eatw foyklu dh ljlkbZA
dks fcu eksy fcdkr ugha efrjke ygS eqldkfu feBkbZA
T;ksa T;ksa fugkfj, usjs goS uSufu R;ksa R;ksag [kjh fudjS lh fudkbZAA

fu"d"kZ&
jhfrdky ds dfo;ksa esa efrjke dk LFkku dkQh egRoiw.kZ gS-budh jpuk dh lgtrk gh budh
lcls cM-h fo'ks"krk gS tks lkekU; ikBd dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djrh gS- uk;d ukf;dk
fu:i.k esa Hkh vR;ar lQy jgs gSa-os lkSUn;Z&o.kZu esa uohurk dk ifjp; nsrs gSa vkSj l?ku
Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr vR;ar lgt :i esa djrs gSaA budh blh fof”k’Vrk dks ns[kdj x.ks'k
fcgkjh feJ us bUgsa fganh ds ^uojRuksa* esa LFkku fn;k gS-

lanHkZ&
1- frokjh jkepaæ vkSj f=ikBh jkeQsj la- ¼2013½] jhfr dkO;/kkjk okjk.klh] fo'o fo|ky;
çdk'kuA
2- uxsUæ] jhfr dkO; dh Hkwfedk ¼uxsUæ xzaFkkoyh [kaM&5½ ubZ fnYyh] us'kuy ifCyf'kax
gkmlA
3- feJ] vkpk;Z fo'oukFk çlkn ¼2006½] fganh lkfgR; dk vrhr Hkkx&2] ubZ fnYyh]
ok.kh çdk'kuA
4- feJ] x.ks'k fcgkjh ¼1934½] fganh uojRu] y[kuÅ] xaxk xzaFkkxkjA
5- feJ] HkxhjFk ¼1989½Afganh jhfr&lkfgR;] ubZ fnYyh] jktdey çdk'kuA
6- 'kqDy] jkepaæ ¼laor&2015½ fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl] okjk.klh] ukxjh çpkfj.kh
lHkkA