TYPES OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION

CONTINOUS STRIP ISOLATED COMBINED

RAFT CANTILEVER /
COLUMN FOUNDATION FOUNDATION COLUNMS
FOUNDATION STRAP
FOUNDATION FOUNDATION FOUNDATION

- SINGLE MONOLITHIC FOOTING EXHISTING WALL OF

USED IN SOILS WITH LOW ADJOINING BUILDING

BOUNDARY OF SITE HEAVILY LOADED COLUMN

BEARING CASPACITIES COLUMNS

- USED FOR LIGHTLY LOADED COLUMNS
LIGHTLY LOADED
COLUMNS

STRUCTURES
- THREE TYPES COLUMNS
1. SOLIDSLAB COLUMN

CANTILEVER BEAM
2. BEAM AND SLAB ISOLATED
3. CELLULAR FOUNDATION FOOTING CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF
TRAPEZOIDAL COMBINED COLUMN LOADS
CANTILEVER BEAM FOUNDATION FOUNDATION
- A CONTINUOUS STRIP OF
CONCRETE UNDER A TRAPEZOIDAL COMBINED BASE
CONTINUOUS A UNIFORMLY FOUNDATION

DISTRIBUTED LOAD.
- A COLUMN FOOTING
CONNECTED BY A TIE BEAM - PROVIDES A LONGITUDINAL
TO ANOTHER FOOTING - THE SPREAD/ ISOLATED
- REINFORCED CONCRETE BEARING.
TO BALANCE AN ASSYME - FOOTING IS GENERALLY LIGHTLY LOADED COLUMN
FOOTING EXTENDED TO
TRICALLY IMPOSED LOAD. CONSTRUCTED TO SUPPORT
SUPPORT A ROW OF - PLACED CENTRALLY
BOUNDARY OF SITE

COLUMNS. AN INDIVIDUAL COLUMN.

HEAVILY LOADED COLUMN
UNDER THE WALLS
(THE STRAP IS FEATURED TO
CONNECT THE TWO FOOTING) - THE SPREAD FOOTING MAY
BEAMS
BE CIRCULAR, SQUARE OR eq
ua
l

RECTANGULAR SLAB OF eq
ua
l
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
OF COLUMN LOADS
UNIFORM THICKNESS. COMBINED FOUNDATION

RECTANGULAR COMBINED
150MM THK SLAB BASE FOUNDATION

INTERNAL PLINTH BEAM SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

230 x 450 MM

G.L.
IT IS A TYPE OF FOUNDATION WHICH TRANSFERS BUILDING - TWO OR MORE COLUMNS ARE
LOADS TO THE EARTH VERY NEAR THE SURFACE; GENERALLY SUPPORTED ON A REINFORCED
8 MM Ø LINKS WHERE THE FOUNDING DEPTH IS LESS THAN THE WIDTH OF CONCRETE FOOTING.
@ c/c 150MM
R.C.C COLUMN (230 x 230 MM) THE FOOTING AND LESS THAN 3M.
4 x 12 MM Ø
10 MM Ø BARS @100 c/c
THEY ARE USED WHEN SURFACE SOILS ARE SUFFICIENTLY - THEY ARE OFTEN USED WHERE
MAIN BARS
TOP REINFORCEMENT STRONG AND STIFF TO SUPPORT THE IMPOSED LOADS; THEY ONE OF THE COLUMNS IS LOCATED
10 MM Ø BARS @100 c/c
ARE GENERALLY UNSUITABLE IN WEAK OR HIGHLY ALONG A PROPERTY LINE AND ITS
BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT COMPRESSIBLE SOILS. NOT POSSIBLE TO EXTEND THE
COVER BLOCKS SPREAD BEYOND THE EDGE
150MM THK P.C.C. BED OF THE BUILDING.
DRY RUBBLE SOLING

R.C.C COLUMN (230 x 230 MM)

(SCALE : 1:20) 4 x 12 MM Ø MAIN BARS

COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

R.C.C COLUMN (350 x 350 MM) COMBINED FOOTING :

6 MM Ø LINKS @ c/c 150MM
12 MM Ø BARS @150 c/c
4 x 12 MM Ø MAIN BARS
COLUMN REINFORCEMENT A COMBINED FOOTING IS A LONG FOOTING
10 MM Ø BARS @100 c/c
SUPPORTING TWO OR MORE COLUMNS IN ONE ROW.
R.C.C COLUMN (230 x 230 MM)
12 MM Ø BARS @150 c/c

12 MM Ø BARS @150 c/c A COMBINED FOOTING IS RECTANGULAR

6 MM Ø LINKS @ c/c 150MM OR TRAPEZOIDAL IN SHAPE.
4 x 12 MM Ø MAIN BARS
COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

(SCALE : 1:20) (SCALE : 1:20)

 Deep Foundations
and end bearing.

Skin friction
W f

Hard soil/

End bearing

Skin friction
W f

End bearing (negligible)